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Showing metabocard for Trimethadione (HMDB0014491)
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Version | 4.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Expected but not Quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update Date | 2020-02-26 21:39:45 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HMDB ID | HMDB0014491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary Accession Numbers |
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Metabolite Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name | Trimethadione | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Trimethadione is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)Trimethadione reduces T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons, including thalamic relay neurons. It does so via the inhibition of voltage dependent T-type calcium channels. This raises the threshold for repetitive activity in the thalamus, and inhibits corticothalamic transmission. Thus, the abnormal thalamocortical rhythmicity, which is thought to underlie the 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge seen on electroencephalogram(EEG) with absence seizures, is dampened. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms |
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Chemical Formula | C6H9NO3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Molecular Weight | 143.1406 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 143.058243159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IUPAC Name | trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Name | trimethadione | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Registry Number | 127-48-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMILES | CN1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1=O | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H9NO3/c1-6(2)4(8)7(3)5(9)10-6/h1-3H3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Key | IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oxazolidinediones. Oxazolidinediones are compounds containing an oxazolidine ring which bears two ketones. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Azolidines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub Class | Oxazolidines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct Parent | Oxazolidinediones | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substituents |
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Descriptors | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physiological effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Role | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties |
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Predicted Properties |
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Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cellular Locations |
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Biospecimen Locations |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pathways |
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Normal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Abnormal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predicted Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Associated Disorders and Diseases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disease References | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Associated OMIM IDs | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DrugBank ID | DB00347 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FooDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemspider ID | 5374 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KEGG Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BioCyc ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BiGG ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia Link | Trimethadione | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
METLIN ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PubChem Compound | 5576 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ChEBI ID | 131804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
VMH ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MarkerDB ID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General References | Not Available |
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular weight:
- 57255.585
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Tanaka E, Kurata N, Yasuhara H: Involvement of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4 in trimethadione N-demethylation in human microsomes. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003 Dec;28(6):493-6. [PubMed:14651673 ]
- Kurata N, Nishimura Y, Iwase M, Fischer NE, Tang BK, Inaba T, Yasuhara H: Trimethadione metabolism by human liver cytochrome P450: evidence for the involvement of CYP2E1. Xenobiotica. 1998 Nov;28(11):1041-7. [PubMed:9879636 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular weight:
- 55627.365
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Tanaka E, Kurata N, Yasuhara H: Involvement of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4 in trimethadione N-demethylation in human microsomes. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003 Dec;28(6):493-6. [PubMed:14651673 ]
- Kurata N, Nishimura Y, Iwase M, Fischer NE, Tang BK, Inaba T, Yasuhara H: Trimethadione metabolism by human liver cytochrome P450: evidence for the involvement of CYP2E1. Xenobiotica. 1998 Nov;28(11):1041-7. [PubMed:9879636 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular weight:
- 55944.565
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Kurata N, Nishimura Y, Iwase M, Fischer NE, Tang BK, Inaba T, Yasuhara H: Trimethadione metabolism by human liver cytochrome P450: evidence for the involvement of CYP2E1. Xenobiotica. 1998 Nov;28(11):1041-7. [PubMed:9879636 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID:
- P05181
- Molecular weight:
- 56848.42
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Tanaka E, Kurata N, Yasuhara H: Involvement of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4 in trimethadione N-demethylation in human microsomes. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003 Dec;28(6):493-6. [PubMed:14651673 ]
- Kurata N, Nishimura Y, Iwase M, Fischer NE, Tang BK, Inaba T, Yasuhara H: Trimethadione metabolism by human liver cytochrome P450: evidence for the involvement of CYP2E1. Xenobiotica. 1998 Nov;28(11):1041-7. [PubMed:9879636 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID:
- P10632
- Molecular weight:
- 55824.275
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- Kurata N, Nishimura Y, Iwase M, Fischer NE, Tang BK, Inaba T, Yasuhara H: Trimethadione metabolism by human liver cytochrome P450: evidence for the involvement of CYP2E1. Xenobiotica. 1998 Nov;28(11):1041-7. [PubMed:9879636 ]
- General function:
- Involved in ion channel activity
- Specific function:
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the "low-voltage activated (LVA)" group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes
- Gene Name:
- CACNA1G
- Uniprot ID:
- O43497
- Molecular weight:
- 262468.6
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Shen H, Zhang B, Shin JH, Lei D, Du Y, Gao X, Wang Q, Ohlemiller KK, Piccirillo J, Bao J: Prophylactic and therapeutic functions of T-type calcium blockers against noise-induced hearing loss. Hear Res. 2007 Apr;226(1-2):52-60. Epub 2006 Dec 31. [PubMed:17291698 ]
- Barton ME, Eberle EL, Shannon HE: The antihyperalgesic effects of the T-type calcium channel blockers ethosuximide, trimethadione, and mibefradil. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 3;521(1-3):79-85. Epub 2005 Sep 19. [PubMed:16171802 ]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]