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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:39 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014522
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14522
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDydrogesterone
DescriptionDydrogesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit ovulation. [PubChem]Dydrogesterone works by regulating the healthy growth and normal shedding of the womb lining by acting on progesterone receptors in the uterus.
Structure
Data?1582753189
Synonyms
ValueSource
10alpha-IsopregnenoneChEBI
6-Dehydro-retro-progesteroneChEBI
delta(6)-RetroprogesteroneChEBI
DidrogesteronaChEBI
DydrogesteronumChEBI
HydrogesteroneChEBI
HydrogestroneChEBI
IsopregnenoneChEBI
Retro-6-dehydroprogesteroneChEBI
DuphastonKegg
GynorestKegg
10a-IsopregnenoneGenerator
10Α-isopregnenoneGenerator
Δ(6)-retroprogesteroneGenerator
DidrogesteroneHMDB
6 Dehydro 9 beta 10 alpha progesteroneHMDB
Solvay brand OF dydrogesteroneHMDB
6-Dehydro-9 beta-10 alpha-progesteroneHMDB
DehydrogesteroneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC21H28O2
Average Molecular Weight312.4458
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight312.20893014
IUPAC Name(1R,2S,10S,11S,14S,15S)-14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadeca-6,8-dien-5-one
Traditional Namedydrogesterone
CAS Registry Number152-62-5
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H28O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h4-5,12,16-19H,6-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+/m0/s1
InChI KeyJGMOKGBVKVMRFX-HQZYFCCVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassPregnane steroids
Direct ParentGluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Progestogin-skeleton
  • 20-oxosteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point169.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0049 g/LNot Available
LogP3.4Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0049 g/LALOGPS
logP3.27ALOGPS
logP3.79ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)19.29ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area34.14 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity93.82 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability36.39 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+174.70931661259
DarkChem[M-H]-170.26531661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-212.15430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+186.7730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+178.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+175.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+181.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+182.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-186.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-186.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-187.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Dydrogesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]12C3439.6Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]12C2710.4Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])C=CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]12C2920.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2911.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2787.8Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3201.4Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2853.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2728.2Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3185.0Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2905.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2759.3Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3321.3Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2923.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2817.6Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3242.4Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2927.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2790.5Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3349.5Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3155.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3024.8Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3373.0Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3106.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C2942.6Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3339.3Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3163.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3005.7Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,1TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3480.0Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3424.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3237.3Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3496.1Standard polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3440.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3209.8Standard non polar33892256
Dydrogesterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=CC4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C3580.1Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-1490000000-10de0224e8083d6681212017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0089-2910000000-0f3c030b838629088a3b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2920000000-7383353a3b20993834372017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2966000000-979f386c9d37c0f83d8c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-054o-0910000000-5844c29c8d2083e7c5222021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-08mi-0950000000-f01603e2bbd7f38a17092021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2967000000-5b431532528f14cf3d292021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0920000000-08ded6d4c145204cb91c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-08mi-0950000000-52b48be72415d8d259ec2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-b32faafbdf788878ea052021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0496000000-f4094df2e92f03cd0bc42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-054o-0910000000-4814815be89b5a833aa82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ab9-0920000000-847eadff5386011f9cc42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0269000000-3229e087c3b8dd6902eb2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0292-0492000000-bf1d09d2642413a2e4492016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uy0-4490000000-391d8f589af23a8749ea2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0019000000-a4e8db015d1caf20a3212016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0049000000-43eda205555e407be1532016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fry-1090000000-1f8e7097f58ef6e7b04c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-152b659b4891e36b54f32021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03xr-0098000000-aafc3e90010298162db52021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ftg-1091000000-0ce7e31ef3ceb07ae10c2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0049000000-277df711ac48bc0692fc2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-07vl-0491000000-8074e560fcb817a30e102021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dydrogesterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-6940000000-94514aa396dacef8801e2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00378 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00378 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00378
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID8699
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDydrogesterone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound9051
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID31527
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
  6. Patient.co.uk [Link]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Isoform A is inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation
Gene Name:
PGR
Uniprot ID:
P06401
Molecular weight:
98980.0
References
  1. Blois SM, Joachim R, Kandil J, Margni R, Tometten M, Klapp BF, Arck PC: Depletion of CD8+ cells abolishes the pregnancy protective effect of progesterone substitution with dydrogesterone in mice by altering the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. J Immunol. 2004 May 15;172(10):5893-9. [PubMed:15128769 ]
  2. Tamaya T, Tsurusaki T, Ide N, Yamada T, Murakami T, Wada K, Fujimoto Z, Okada H: Nuclear translocation of progesterone receptor--progestogen complex in vitro. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1983 Jan;35(1):77-82. [PubMed:6827166 ]
  3. Raghupathy R, Al Mutawa E, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Szekeres-Bartho J: Modulation of cytokine production by dydrogesterone in lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage. BJOG. 2005 Aug;112(8):1096-101. [PubMed:16045524 ]
  4. Okada H: [Metabolism, structure and biological activity of sex steroids]. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1993 Feb 20;69(2):67-79. [PubMed:8486204 ]
  5. Tamaya T, Furuta N, Ohono Y, Ide N, Tsurusaki T, Okada H: Chromatin transcription by progesterone-receptor complex in rabbit uterus. Endocrinol Jpn. 1979 Feb;26(1):117-22. [PubMed:436795 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]