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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:41 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014608
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14608
Metabolite Identification
Common NameKetorolac
DescriptionKetorolac is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to indomethacin. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity (from Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) chemically related to indomethacin and tolmetin. Ketorolac tromethamine is a racemic mixture of [-]S- and [+]R-enantiomeric forms, with the S-form having analgesic activity. Its antiinflammatory effects are believed to be due to inhibition of both cylooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which leads to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis leading to decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. The resultant reduction in prostaglandin synthesis and activity may be at least partially responsible for many of the adverse, as well as the therapeutic, effects of these medications. Analgesia is probably produced via a peripheral action in which blockade of pain impulse generation results from decreased prostaglandin activity. However, inhibition of the synthesis or actions of other substances that sensitize pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation may also contribute to the analgesic effect. In terms of the ophthalmic applications of ketorolac - ocular administration of ketorolac reduces prostaglandin E2 levels in aqueous humor, secondary to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Structure
Data?1582753198
Synonyms
ValueSource
(+-)-5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acidChEBI
(+-)-KetorolacChEBI
KetorolacoChEBI
KetorolacumChEBI
rac-KetorolacChEBI
ToradolKegg
(+-)-5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylateGenerator
KetoralacHMDB
Ketorolac tromethamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H13NO3
Average Molecular Weight255.2686
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight255.089543287
IUPAC Name5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameketorolac
CAS Registry Number66635-83-4
SMILES
OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H13NO3/c17-14(10-4-2-1-3-5-10)13-7-6-12-11(15(18)19)8-9-16(12)13/h1-7,11H,8-9H2,(H,18,19)
InChI KeyOZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one aryl group, and a phenyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbonyl compounds
Direct ParentAryl-phenylketones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Aryl-phenylketone
  • Benzoyl
  • Pyrrolizine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Substituted pyrrole
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point165 - 167 °C (tromethamine salt)Not Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.51 g/LNot Available
LogP2.1Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available155.622http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001325
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.51 g/LALOGPS
logP2.66ALOGPS
logP2.28ChemAxon
logS-2.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.84ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area59.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity70.19 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+158.87531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-154.78931661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+154.10730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-151.71130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-184.79230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+160.03830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+159.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+155.332859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+163.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+164.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-163.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-162.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-162.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
KetorolacOC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C13597.1Standard polar33892256
KetorolacOC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C12253.8Standard non polar33892256
KetorolacOC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C12433.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Ketorolac,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCN2C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)=CC=C122381.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Ketorolac,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCN2C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)=CC=C122631.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-1920000000-a5c8bba9af16159033c02017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-7961000000-17a94cd0a49d06b5b2432017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ketorolac GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0190000000-cc495a56f46ce2f38f4c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-49260d5fd666847189722017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-3900000000-cf3a2eedecd98f879db62017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-056r-9500000000-a993ea029f81823db36e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9200000000-238f6cde2fac6b0ba4212017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1590000000-070501bbf446e4fc9fea2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-3900000000-cf3a2eedecd98f879db62021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-fbb6114acc4083df77842021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-056r-9500000000-a993ea029f81823db36e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-3900000000-ee0dc6dc8e4e5458f0312021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0190000000-cc495a56f46ce2f38f4c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-49260d5fd666847189722021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-4b05ed1bfbbaf89c98d52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9200000000-238f6cde2fac6b0ba4212021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0090000000-cf2413a3f637dd2e49202021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0190000000-9fdb0e54aaff0cd5b8e12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0940000000-413e5ee90a211ec8dd552016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-1900000000-6434b0035bdf19334aba2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ik9-0090000000-1d743b79312994c4708a2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0390000000-fa8da911a286c2522b7d2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-090r-4920000000-dad9f60ce69ed5b49dbb2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0w29-0090000000-4148685fc3bd851d82942021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0290000000-9e7b9f6d61338222e28b2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0kh9-2930000000-5b75c695a6356577b1b12021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ketorolac 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-37bb3aa601b3716743cf2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00465 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00465 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00465
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3694
KEGG Compound IDC07062
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkKetorolac
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound3826
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID6129
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.
Gene Name:
PTGS2
Uniprot ID:
P35354
Molecular weight:
68995.625
References
  1. Hocherl K, Kammerl MC, Schumacher K, Endemann D, Grobecker HF, Kurtz A: Role of prostanoids in regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):F294-301. [PubMed:12110513 ]
  2. Blais V, Zhang J, Rivest S: In altering the release of glucocorticoids, ketorolac exacerbates the effects of systemic immune stimuli on expression of proinflammatory genes in the brain. Endocrinology. 2002 Dec;143(12):4820-7. [PubMed:12446609 ]
  3. Ma W, Eisenach JC: Intraplantar injection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac reduces immunoreactivities of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and dynorphin in the dorsal horn of rats with nerve injury or inflammation. Neuroscience. 2003;121(3):681-90. [PubMed:14568028 ]
  4. Ma W, Eisenach JC: Cyclooxygenase 2 in infiltrating inflammatory cells in injured nerve is universally up-regulated following various types of peripheral nerve injury. Neuroscience. 2003;121(3):691-704. [PubMed:14568029 ]
  5. Padi SS, Jain NK, Singh S, Kulkarni SK: Pharmacological profile of parecoxib: a novel, potent injectable selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr 26;491(1):69-76. [PubMed:15102535 ]
General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells.
Gene Name:
PTGS1
Uniprot ID:
P23219
Molecular weight:
68685.82
References
  1. Bosch-Marce M, Claria J, Titos E, Masferrer JL, Altuna R, Poo JL, Jimenez W, Arroyo V, Rivera F, Rodes J: Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 spares renal function and prostaglandin synthesis in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Gastroenterology. 1999 May;116(5):1167-75. [PubMed:10220509 ]
  2. Lashbrook JM, Ossipov MH, Hunter JC, Raffa RB, Tallarida RJ, Porreca F: Synergistic antiallodynic effects of spinal morphine with ketorolac and selective COX1- and COX2-inhibitors in nerve-injured rats. Pain. 1999 Jul;82(1):65-72. [PubMed:10422661 ]
  3. Dionne RA, Khan AA, Gordon SM: Analgesia and COX-2 inhibition. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Nov-Dec;19(6 Suppl 25):S63-70. [PubMed:11695255 ]
  4. Uzan A: The unexpected side effects of new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 Nov;10(4):687-8. [PubMed:16262557 ]
  5. Blais V, Turrin NP, Rivest S: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition increases the inflammatory response in the brain during systemic immune stimuli. J Neurochem. 2005 Dec;95(6):1563-74. Epub 2005 Nov 8. [PubMed:16277613 ]