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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:42 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014699
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14699
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBosentan
DescriptionBosentan, also known as tracleer or bosentan hydrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bipyrimidines and oligopyrimidines. These are organic compounds containing two or more pyrimidine rings directly linked to each other. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. Bosentan is a drug which is used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah), to improve exercise ability and to decrease the rate of clinical worsening (in patients with who class iii or iv symptoms). Bosentan was studied in heart failure in a trial called REACH-1 that was terminated early in 1997 due to toxicity at the dose that was being studied; as of 2001 the results of that trial had not been published. Bosentan is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). The doctor must document a negative pregnancy test for women before prescribing the drug, counsel about contraception, and give regular pregnancy tests. Under normal conditions, endothelin-1 binding of ET-A receptors causes constriction of the pulmonary blood vessels. Peak plasma concentration of bosentan with the dispersable tablets for oral suspension is 14% less on average compared to peak concentration of the oral tablets.
Structure
Data?1582753210
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-N-(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-(2,2'-bipyrimidin)-4-yl) benzenesulfornamideChEBI
BosentanumChEBI
p-Tert-butyl-N-(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(O-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamideChEBI
4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-N-(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-(2,2'-bipyrimidin)-4-yl) benzenesulphornamideGenerator
p-Tert-butyl-N-(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(O-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulphonamideGenerator
Bosentan hydrateHMDB
4-t-Butyl-N-(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2,2'-bipyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamideHMDB
Bosentan monohydrateHMDB
Bosentan anhydrousHMDB
TracleerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC27H29N5O6S
Average Molecular Weight551.614
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight551.183854375
IUPAC Name4-tert-butyl-N-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]benzene-1-sulfonamide
Traditional Namebosentan
CAS Registry Number147536-97-8
SMILES
COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)N=C(N=C1OCCO)C1=NC=CC=N1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H29N5O6S/c1-27(2,3)18-10-12-19(13-11-18)39(34,35)32-23-22(38-21-9-6-5-8-20(21)36-4)26(37-17-16-33)31-25(30-23)24-28-14-7-15-29-24/h5-15,33H,16-17H2,1-4H3,(H,30,31,32)
InChI KeyGJPICJJJRGTNOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bipyrimidines and oligopyrimidines. These are organic compounds containing two or more pyrimidine rings directly linked to each other. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct ParentBipyrimidines and oligopyrimidines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Bipyrimidine
  • Diaryl ether
  • Benzenesulfonamide
  • Benzenesulfonyl group
  • Phenylpropane
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Anisole
  • Phenol ether
  • Methoxybenzene
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Organosulfonic acid amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Aminosulfonyl compound
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Sulfonyl
  • Azacycle
  • Ether
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.009 g/LNot Available
LogP3.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.009 g/LALOGPS
logP4.18ALOGPS
logP4.94ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)5.8ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.43ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area145.65 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity166.66 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability57.89 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+227.04731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-223.70331661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+214.29230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-211.89630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-244.77930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+220.20430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+227.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+225.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+228.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+229.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-221.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-222.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-223.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
BosentanCOC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)N=C(N=C1OCCO)C1=NC=CC=N15587.3Standard polar33892256
BosentanCOC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)N=C(N=C1OCCO)C1=NC=CC=N14249.8Standard non polar33892256
BosentanCOC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)N=C(N=C1OCCO)C1=NC=CC=N14314.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Bosentan,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14289.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,1TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14149.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14165.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14135.6Standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C15766.8Standard polar33892256
Bosentan,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14473.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,1TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14349.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14508.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C14552.1Standard non polar33892256
Bosentan,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=C(OCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N=C(C2=NC=CC=N2)N=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C15746.3Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0k9f-1404490000-6d317563fca85570bb942017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0ab9-8400329000-23bc8d319fee004b04e72017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS ("Bosentan,1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-14Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bosentan GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0810090000-b97444dff91ec725276d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-1690040000-c561d9dbb5ed882855192017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0290000000-917fcf22a5648855f4942021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-804fbcd24b248dea41cb2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-37d3e81ca9fac1bb86072021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0032090000-6b8d5527e6d09bf8bd932021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0192000000-ac3f1b4e6b6da63962f72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-1690040000-53b916bf54d069a5d9af2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0700090000-a1325fb53ae46b3119a02021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0020190000-45fdf2d2b678882a2c9a2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01r2-7853970000-73d404cdce8bec5649732016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zmr-4911000000-355d0a86f2c0201142512016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-1111090000-838b3a76b34448d481542016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00b9-1938000000-4a504df1e7892ab5ed7b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03g3-8592000000-757b42467cf720e1d98b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-0264cc47a8b7eb39ffb52021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-0200190000-c06202aa662980be16e42021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ab9-6900720000-9771730325d97d3f1f0f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000090000-12b263be07bc58a79d772021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zfu-0101490000-41d3bf6ec3c4732682162021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bosentan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0223930000-515898571490d1845bf82021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00559 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00559 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00559
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID94651
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBosentan
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound104865
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID51450
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Dingemanse J, Schaarschmidt D, van Giersbergen PL: Investigation of the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and simvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(3):293-301. [PubMed:12603176 ]
  2. Dingemanse J, van Giersbergen PL: Clinical pharmacology of bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(15):1089-115. [PubMed:15568889 ]
  3. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  4. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is:ET1 > ET2 >> ET3
Gene Name:
EDNRA
Uniprot ID:
P25101
Molecular weight:
48721.8
References
  1. Albertini M, Lafortuna CL, Ciminaghi B, Mazzola S, Clement MG: Endothelin involvement in respiratory centre activity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2001 Sep;65(3):157-63. [PubMed:11728166 ]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  3. Kiowski W, Sutsch G, Oechslin E, Bertel O: Hemodynamic effects of bosentan in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2001 Dec;6(4):325-34. [PubMed:11447307 ]
  4. Kramp R, Fourmanoir P, Caron N: Endothelin resets renal blood flow autoregulatory efficiency during acute blockade of NO in the rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):F1132-40. [PubMed:11704565 ]
  5. Martin C, Held HD, Uhlig S: Differential effects of the mixed ET(A)/ET(B)-receptor antagonist bosentan on endothelin-induced bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction and prostacyclin release. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;362(2):128-36. [PubMed:10961375 ]
  6. Sihvola RK, Pulkkinen VP, Koskinen PK, Lemstrom KB: Crosstalk of endothelin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor in cardiac allograft arteriosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Feb 20;39(4):710-7. [PubMed:11849873 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system
Gene Name:
EDNRB
Uniprot ID:
P24530
Molecular weight:
49643.3
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Gardiner SM, Kemp PA, March JE, Bennett T: Effects of bosentan (Ro 47-0203), an ETA-, ETB-receptor antagonist, on regional haemodynamic responses to endothelins in conscious rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Jul;112(3):823-30. [PubMed:7921608 ]
  3. Gupta SK, Saxena A, Singh U, Arya DS: Bosentan, the mixed ETA-ETB endothelin receptor antagonist, attenuated oxidative stress after experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Jul;275(1-2):67-74. [PubMed:16335785 ]
  4. Marano G, Palazzesi S, Bernucci P, Grigioni M, Formigari R, Ballerini L: ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist bosentan inhibits neointimal development in collared carotid arteries of rabbits. Life Sci. 1998;63(18):PL259-66. [PubMed:9806221 ]
  5. Richard V, Kaeffer N, Hogie M, Tron C, Blanc T, Thuillez C: Role of endogenous endothelin in myocardial and coronary endothelial injury after ischaemia and reperfusion in rats: studies with bosentan, a mixed ETA-ETB antagonist. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Nov;113(3):869-76. [PubMed:7858879 ]
  6. Said SA, Ammar el SM, Suddek GM: Effect of bosentan (ETA/ETB receptor antagonist) on metabolic changes during stress and diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Feb;51(2):107-15. [PubMed:15629255 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes
Gene Name:
ABCB11
Uniprot ID:
O95342
Molecular weight:
146405.8
References
  1. Fattinger K, Funk C, Pantze M, Weber C, Reichen J, Stieger B, Meier PJ: The endothelin antagonist bosentan inhibits the canalicular bile salt export pump: a potential mechanism for hepatic adverse reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Apr;69(4):223-31. [PubMed:11309550 ]