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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:44 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014782
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14782
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGonadorelin
DescriptionGonadorelin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. Gonadorelin is another name for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is a synthetic decapeptide prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis. GnRH is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary. Like naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadorelin primarily stimulates the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production and release is also increased by gonadorelin, but to a lesser degree. In prepubertal females and some gonadal function disorders, the FSH response may be greater than the LH response. For the treatment of amenorrhea, delayed puberty, and infertility the administration of gonadorelin is used to simulate the physiologic release of GnRH from the hypothalamus in treatment of delayed puberty, treatment of infertility caused by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and induction of ovulation in those women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. This results in increased levels of pituitary gonadotropins LH and FSH, which subsequently stimulate the gonads to produce reproductive steroids.
Structure
Data?1582753220
Synonyms
ValueSource
Gonadoliberin IKegg
GNRH-IKegg
FertagylKegg
CystorelinHMDB
GonadoliberinHMDB
KryptocurHMDB
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormoneHMDB
FSH Releasing hormoneHMDB
FSH-Releasing hormoneHMDB
FactrelHMDB
Gonadorelin hydrochlorideHMDB
lH-Releasing hormoneHMDB
Gonadotropin releasing hormoneHMDB
LHRHHMDB
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormoneHMDB
lH-FSH Releasing hormoneHMDB
LHFSHRHHMDB
GN-RHHMDB
Gonadotropin-releasing hormoneHMDB
lH FSH Releasing hormoneHMDB
lH Releasing hormoneHMDB
LuliberinHMDB
Releasing hormone, LHFSHHMDB
GNRHHMDB
lH-RHHMDB
Gonadorelin acetateHMDB
LFRHHMDB
LHFSH Releasing hormoneHMDB
DirigestranHMDB
GonadorelinKEGG
Chemical FormulaC55H75N17O13
Average Molecular Weight1182.2901
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1181.573025571
IUPAC NameN-(1-{2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-5-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-2-{2-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-{2-[3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)formamido]propanamido]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido}propanamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamido]acetamido}-4-methylpentanamide
Traditional Namegonadotropin releasing hormone
CAS Registry Number6918-09-8
SMILES
CC(C)CC(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)NC(=O)C(CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NCC(N)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C55H75N17O13/c1-29(2)19-38(49(80)67-37(9-5-17-60-55(57)58)54(85)72-18-6-10-43(72)53(84)62-25-44(56)75)66-46(77)26-63-47(78)39(20-30-11-13-33(74)14-12-30)68-52(83)42(27-73)71-50(81)40(21-31-23-61-35-8-4-3-7-34(31)35)69-51(82)41(22-32-24-59-28-64-32)70-48(79)36-15-16-45(76)65-36/h3-4,7-8,11-14,23-24,28-29,36-43,61,73-74H,5-6,9-10,15-22,25-27H2,1-2H3,(H2,56,75)(H,59,64)(H,62,84)(H,63,78)(H,65,76)(H,66,77)(H,67,80)(H,68,83)(H,69,82)(H,70,79)(H,71,81)(H4,57,58,60)
InChI KeyXLXSAKCOAKORKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polypeptides. These are peptides containing ten or more amino acid residues.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic Polymers
ClassPolypeptides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPolypeptides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Polypeptide
  • Alpha peptide
  • Tyrosine or derivatives
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • Histidine or derivatives
  • Leucine or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Proline or derivatives
  • Triptan
  • Alpha-amino acid amide
  • Serine or derivatives
  • N-substituted-alpha-amino acid
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • N-acylpyrrolidine
  • Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Fatty amide
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Fatty acyl
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrolidone
  • 2-pyrrolidone
  • Substituted pyrrole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Azole
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Pyrrole
  • Guanidine
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Primary carboxylic acid amide
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Carboximidamide
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone [KO:K05252] (C07607 )
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.059 g/LNot Available
LogP-3.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.059 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.09ALOGPS
logP-6.3ChemAxon
logS-4.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)11.16ChemAxon
Physiological Charge2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count17ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count16ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area474.63 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count31ChemAxon
Refractivity302.51 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability121.19 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-369.79830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+343.62830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+324.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+325.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+323.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+323.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-309.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-314.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-320.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-022a-9612402201-7dff9b7217a0eacedfb22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9211300000-050a8099fd2f78a969602016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00e9-9010100000-8680e82fb261a184e63e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-08gi-2900100000-4512eaf4c4ccb20db2882016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0c00-4900001000-7d38c37ce1a213415f702016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-002f-9101002210-ee45e1d0424df22bb4812016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-06sc-0601903210-931f1842aade74dcf6052021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ox-1420912010-f255f32c7079119589612021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0720912000-7a2d79ca06bf9d504e8d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001l-3901310000-81db4811a52fc0c2a20f2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0c0c-8905528210-305e33d41cdb03e5ef1b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gonadorelin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-007o-4910102210-6bd6f8d9e9a35a1f85952021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00644 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00644 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00644
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID33562
KEGG Compound IDC07607
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGonadotropin-releasing hormone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound36523
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Dungan HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA: Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology. 2006 Mar;147(3):1154-8. Epub 2005 Dec 22. [PubMed:16373418 ]
  2. Franceschini I, Lomet D, Cateau M, Delsol G, Tillet Y, Caraty A: Kisspeptin immunoreactive cells of the ovine preoptic area and arcuate nucleus co-express estrogen receptor alpha. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jul 3;401(3):225-30. Epub 2006 Apr 18. [PubMed:16621281 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that mediates the action of GnRH to stimulate the secretion of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH). This receptor mediates its action by association with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Isoform 2 may act as an inhibitor of GnRH-R signaling
Gene Name:
GNRHR
Uniprot ID:
P30968
Molecular weight:
37730.4
References
  1. Lu ZL, Gallagher R, Sellar R, Coetsee M, Millar RP: Mutations remote from the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor-binding sites specifically increase binding affinity for GnRH II but not GnRH I: evidence for ligand-selective, receptor-active conformations. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 19;280(33):29796-803. Epub 2005 Jun 20. [PubMed:15967801 ]
  2. Moles G, Carrillo M, Mananos E, Mylonas CC, Zanuy S: Temporal profile of brain and pituitary GnRHs, GnRH-R and gonadotropin mRNA expression and content during early development in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007 Jan 1;150(1):75-86. Epub 2006 Sep 8. [PubMed:16962597 ]
  3. Mamputha S, Lu ZL, Roeske RW, Millar RP, Katz AA, Flanagan CA: Conserved amino acid residues that are important for ligand binding in the type I gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor are required for high potency of GnRH II at the type II GnRH receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Jan;21(1):281-92. Epub 2006 Sep 14. [PubMed:16973761 ]
  4. Lee PA, Houk CP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy for central precocious puberty and other childhood disorders affecting growth and puberty. Treat Endocrinol. 2006;5(5):287-96. [PubMed:17002488 ]
  5. Bliss SP, Navratil AM, Breed M, Skinner DC, Clay CM, Roberson MS: Signaling complexes associated with the type I gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: colocalization of extracellularly regulated kinase 2 and GnRH receptor within membrane rafts. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Feb;21(2):538-49. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [PubMed:17068198 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone II (GnRH II). This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (Potential)
Gene Name:
GNRHR2
Uniprot ID:
Q96P88
Molecular weight:
19031.1
References
  1. Morgan K, Sellar R, Pawson AJ, Lu ZL, Millar RP: Bovine and ovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-II ligand precursors and type II GnRH receptor genes are functionally inactivated. Endocrinology. 2006 Nov;147(11):5041-51. Epub 2006 Aug 17. [PubMed:16916952 ]
  2. Mamputha S, Lu ZL, Roeske RW, Millar RP, Katz AA, Flanagan CA: Conserved amino acid residues that are important for ligand binding in the type I gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor are required for high potency of GnRH II at the type II GnRH receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Jan;21(1):281-92. Epub 2006 Sep 14. [PubMed:16973761 ]
  3. Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Januszkiewicz-Caulier J, Motta M, Limonta P: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in tumors: a new rationale for the therapeutical application of GnRH analogs in cancer patients? Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2006 May;6(3):257-69. [PubMed:16712461 ]
  4. Li JH, Choe H, Wang AF, Maiti K, Wang C, Salam A, Chun SY, Lee WK, Kim K, Kwon HB, Seong JY: Extracellular loop 3 (EL3) and EL3-proximal transmembrane helix 7 of the mammalian type I and type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors determine differential ligand selectivity to GnRH-I and GnRH-II. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;67(4):1099-110. Epub 2005 Jan 5. [PubMed:15635044 ]
  5. Silver MR, Sower SA: Functional characterization and kinetic studies of an ancestral lamprey GnRH-III selective type II GnRH receptor from the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;36(3):601-10. [PubMed:16720727 ]