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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:47 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014933
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14933
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSulfasalazine
DescriptionSulfasalazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see mesalamine) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)The mode of action of Sulfasalazine or its metabolites, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP), is still under investigation, but may be related to the anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory properties that have been observed in animal and in vitro models, to its affinity for connective tissue, and/or to the relatively high concentration it reaches in serous fluids, the liver and intestinal walls, as demonstrated in autoradiographic studies in animals. In ulcerative colitis, clinical studies utilizing rectal administration of Sulfasalazine, SP and 5-ASA have indicated that the major therapeutic action may reside in the 5-ASA moiety. The relative contribution of the parent drug and the major metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.
Structure
Data?1582753237
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoic acidChEBI
2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoic acidChEBI
4-(Pyridyl-2-amidosulfonyl)-3'-carboxy-4'-hydroxyazobenzeneChEBI
5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylic acidChEBI
5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoic acidChEBI
5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulfamyl)phenylazo)salicylic acidChEBI
AzulfidineChEBI
SalazosulfapiridinaChEBI
SalazosulfapyridineChEBI
SalazosulfapyridinumChEBI
SalicylazosulfapyridineChEBI
SulfasalazinaChEBI
SulfasalazinumChEBI
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoateGenerator
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulphonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoateGenerator
2-Hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulphonyl)phenyl)azo)benzoic acidGenerator
2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoateGenerator
2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulphamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoateGenerator
2-Hydroxy-5-[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulphamoyl)-phenylazo]-benzoic acidGenerator
4-(Pyridyl-2-amidosulphonyl)-3'-carboxy-4'-hydroxyazobenzeneGenerator
5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylateGenerator
5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulphamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylateGenerator
5-((p-(2-Pyridylsulphamoyl)phenyl)azo)salicylic acidGenerator
5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulfamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoateGenerator
5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulphamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoateGenerator
5-(4-(2-Pyridylsulphamoyl)phenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzoic acidGenerator
5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulfamyl)phenylazo)salicylateGenerator
5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulphamyl)phenylazo)salicylateGenerator
5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulphamyl)phenylazo)salicylic acidGenerator
SalazosulphapiridinaGenerator
SalazosulphapyridineGenerator
SalazosulphapyridinumGenerator
SalicylazosulphapyridineGenerator
SulphasalazinaGenerator
SulphasalazinumGenerator
SulphasalazineGenerator
SulfasalazinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC18H14N4O5S
Average Molecular Weight398.393
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight398.068490268
IUPAC Name2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-{4-[(pyridin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}diazen-1-yl]benzoic acid
Traditional Namesulfasalazine
CAS Registry Number599-79-1
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1O)\N=N\C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H14N4O5S/c23-16-9-6-13(11-15(16)18(24)25)21-20-12-4-7-14(8-5-12)28(26,27)22-17-3-1-2-10-19-17/h1-11,23H,(H,19,22)(H,24,25)/b21-20+
InChI KeyNCEXYHBECQHGNR-QZQOTICOSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as azobenzenes. These are organonitrogen aromatic compounds that contain a central azo group, where each nitrogen atom is conjugated to a benzene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzobenzenes
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentAzobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Azobenzene
  • Benzenesulfonamide
  • Hydroxybenzoic acid
  • Salicylic acid or derivatives
  • Salicylic acid
  • Benzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoic acid
  • Benzenesulfonyl group
  • Benzoyl
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Pyridine
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Organosulfonic acid amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Aminosulfonyl compound
  • Sulfonyl
  • Azo compound
  • Azacycle
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point220 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.046 g/LNot Available
LogP2.5Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM199.730932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.046 g/LALOGPS
logP2.92ALOGPS
logP3.94ChemAxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)2.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area141.31 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity104.6 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability39.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+189.89830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-187.5430932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-221.60630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+196.72630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+190.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+187.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+193.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+193.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-184.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-184.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-184.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
SulfasalazineOC(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1O)\N=N\C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=C15322.1Standard polar33892256
SulfasalazineOC(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1O)\N=N\C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=C13909.5Standard non polar33892256
SulfasalazineOC(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1O)\N=N\C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=C13676.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Sulfasalazine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)=CC=C1O3835.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)C=C1C(=O)O3893.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=CC=CC=N1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=C2)C=C13724.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3830.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O3514.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)C=C1C(=O)O3651.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3558.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3559.3Standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C4698.6Standard polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)=CC=C1O4091.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)C=C1C(=O)O4199.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=CC=CC=N1)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=C2)C=C13998.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4264.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O3982.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)C=C1C(=O)O4103.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4154.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4229.9Standard non polar33892256
Sulfasalazine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC(/N=N/C2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C3=CC=CC=N3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4783.5Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0f6w-6695000000-47b5c3a0d5190268e4772017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-2549110000-cce76e754cd947c9bdf82017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0239100000-5bf223e6e250eb77105a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0009000000-9e5b613387b866753d702016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-2019000000-5dbdcf5699c56f6a59d82016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002b-9240000000-6268787fab73d296c1d82016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-0009000000-5eea07137968cfa96d182016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0009000000-642c65b2544ce824decc2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0k97-9663000000-5acc71d633a9ef82ea982016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-a266ecec49bba90668ba2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-005a-2089000000-ad13a0c69c0256eb55052021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0092-3936000000-d0a391d2c705ca56748e2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0009000000-cf36a51de9de200e80142021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-2917000000-1f1274dcd32e5287cfb72021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sulfasalazine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-1900000000-16464eaa00e58b69be2d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00795 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00795 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00795
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10605946
KEGG Compound IDC07316
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkSulfasalazine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID9334
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General ReferencesNot Available

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Specific function:
Plays a major role in ketone body metabolism.
Gene Name:
ACAT1
Uniprot ID:
P24752
Molecular weight:
45199.2
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Faison LD, White HL: Sulfasalazine inhibits lyso-PAF: acetyl-COA acetyltransferase. Prostaglandins. 1992 Sep;44(3):245-9. [PubMed:1357724 ]
General function:
Involved in metal ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
Gene Name:
ALOX5
Uniprot ID:
P09917
Molecular weight:
77982.595
References
  1. Nielsen OH, Bukhave K, Elmgreen J, Ahnfelt-Ronne I: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in human neutrophils by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Dig Dis Sci. 1987 Jun;32(6):577-82. [PubMed:2882965 ]
  2. Allgayer H, Eisenburg J, Paumgartner G: Soybean lipoxygenase inhibition: studies with the sulphasalazine metabolites N-acetylaminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;26(4):449-51. [PubMed:6428914 ]
  3. Sircar JC, Schwender CF, Carethers ME: Inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid: a possible mode of action in ulcerative colitis. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Jan 1;32(1):170-2. [PubMed:6131674 ]
General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.
Gene Name:
PTGS2
Uniprot ID:
P35354
Molecular weight:
68995.625
References
  1. Mifflin RC, Saada JI, Di Mari JF, Valentich JD, Adegboyega PA, Powell DW: Aspirin-mediated COX-2 transcript stabilization via sustained p38 activation in human intestinal myofibroblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;65(2):470-8. [PubMed:14742690 ]
  2. Generini S, Fiori G, Matucci Cerinic M: Therapy of spondylarthropathy in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Nov-Dec;20(6 Suppl 28):S88-94. [PubMed:12463455 ]
  3. Distrutti E, Sediari L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Orlandi S, Russo G, Caliendo G, Santagada V, Cirino G, Wallace JL, Fiorucci S: 5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3yl)-phenyl ester (ATB-429), a hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of mesalamine, exerts antinociceptive effects in a model of postinflammatory hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Oct;319(1):447-58. Epub 2006 Jul 19. [PubMed:16855178 ]
  4. Cipolla G, Crema F, Sacco S, Moro E, de Ponti F, Frigo G: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives. Pharmacol Res. 2002 Jul;46(1):1-6. [PubMed:12208114 ]
  5. Pruzanski W, Stefanski E, Vadas P, Ramamurthy NS: Inhibition of extracellular release of proinflammatory secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) by sulfasalazine: a novel mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1901-7. [PubMed:9256165 ]
General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells.
Gene Name:
PTGS1
Uniprot ID:
P23219
Molecular weight:
68685.82
References
  1. Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. [PubMed:12950415 ]
General function:
Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:
Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Also phosphorylates NCOA3
Gene Name:
IKBKB
Uniprot ID:
O14920
Molecular weight:
86563.2
References
  1. Weber CK, Liptay S, Wirth T, Adler G, Schmid RM: Suppression of NF-kappaB activity by sulfasalazine is mediated by direct inhibition of IkappaB kinases alpha and beta. Gastroenterology. 2000 Nov;119(5):1209-18. [PubMed:11054378 ]
  2. Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. [PubMed:12950415 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:
Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. Also phosphorylates NCOA3. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 at NF- kappa-B-regulated promoters during inflammatory responses triggered by cytokines
Gene Name:
CHUK
Uniprot ID:
O15111
Molecular weight:
84652.9
References
  1. Weber CK, Liptay S, Wirth T, Adler G, Schmid RM: Suppression of NF-kappaB activity by sulfasalazine is mediated by direct inhibition of IkappaB kinases alpha and beta. Gastroenterology. 2000 Nov;119(5):1209-18. [PubMed:11054378 ]
  2. Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. [PubMed:12950415 ]
General function:
Involved in DNA binding
Specific function:
Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis
Gene Name:
PPARG
Uniprot ID:
P37231
Molecular weight:
57619.6
References
  1. Rousseaux C, Lefebvre B, Dubuquoy L, Lefebvre P, Romano O, Auwerx J, Metzger D, Wahli W, Desvergne B, Naccari GC, Chavatte P, Farce A, Bulois P, Cortot A, Colombel JF, Desreumaux P: Intestinal antiinflammatory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. J Exp Med. 2005 Apr 18;201(8):1205-15. Epub 2005 Apr 11. [PubMed:15824083 ]
  2. Schwab M, Reynders V, Loitsch S, Shastri YM, Steinhilber D, Schroder O, Stein J: PPARgamma is involved in mesalazine-mediated induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2008 Jul;29(7):1407-14. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn118. Epub 2008 Jun 9. [PubMed:18544567 ]
  3. Linard C, Gremy O, Benderitter M: Reduction of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma expression by gamma-irradiation as a mechanism contributing to inflammatory response in rat colon: modulation by the 5-aminosalicylic acid agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):911-20. Epub 2007 Dec 12. [PubMed:18077625 ]
  4. Desreumaux P, Ghosh S: Review article: mode of action and delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid - new evidence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Sep;24 Suppl 1:2-9. [PubMed:16939423 ]
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent, high-affinity exchange of anionic amino acids with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate.
Gene Name:
SLC7A11
Uniprot ID:
Q9UPY5
Molecular weight:
55422.44
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Gout PW, Buckley AR, Simms CR, Bruchovsky N: Sulfasalazine, a potent suppressor of lymphoma growth by inhibition of the x(c)- cystine transporter: a new action for an old drug. Leukemia. 2001 Oct;15(10):1633-40. [PubMed:11587223 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter
Gene Name:
ABCC2
Uniprot ID:
Q92887
Molecular weight:
174205.6
References
  1. Dahan A, Amidon GL: Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2009. Epub 2009 Jun 18. [PubMed:19541926 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Karlsson JE, Heddle C, Rozkov A, Rotticci-Mulder J, Tuvesson O, Hilgendorf C, Andersson TB: High-activity p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein membrane vesicles prepared from transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293-epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Apr;38(4):705-14. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.028886. Epub 2010 Jan 13. [PubMed:20071452 ]
  2. Shukla S, Zaher H, Hartz A, Bauer B, Ware JA, Ambudkar SV: Curcumin inhibits the activity of ABCG2/BCRP1, a multidrug resistance-linked ABC drug transporter in mice. Pharm Res. 2009 Feb;26(2):480-7. doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9735-8. Epub 2008 Oct 9. [PubMed:18841445 ]
  3. Dahan A, Amidon GL: Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2009. Epub 2009 Jun 18. [PubMed:19541926 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Has been shown to act both as an intestinal proton- coupled high-affinity folate transporter and as an intestinal heme transporter which mediates heme uptake from the gut lumen into duodenal epithelial cells. The iron is then released from heme and may be transported into the bloodstream. Dietary heme iron is an important nutritional source of iron. Shows a higher affinity for folate than heme
Gene Name:
SLC46A1
Uniprot ID:
Q96NT5
Molecular weight:
49770.0
References
  1. Nakai Y, Inoue K, Abe N, Hatakeyama M, Ohta KY, Otagiri M, Hayashi Y, Yuasa H: Functional characterization of human proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 heterologously expressed in mammalian cells as a folate transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Aug;322(2):469-76. Epub 2007 May 2. [PubMed:17475902 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.