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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:18:25 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015177
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15177
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMemantine
DescriptionMemantine is an amantadine derivative with low to moderate-affinity for NMDA receptors. It is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist that binds preferentially to NMDA receptor-operated cation channels. It blocks the effects of excessive levels of glutamate that may lead to neuronal dysfunction. It is under investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but there has been no clinical support for the prevention or slowing of disease progression.
Structure
Data?1676999905
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,3-Dimethyl-5-adamantanamineChEBI
1-Amino-3,5-dimethyladamantaneChEBI
3,5-Dimethyl-1-adamantanamineChEBI
3,5-Dimethyl-1-aminoadamantaneChEBI
3,5-Dimethyltricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decan-1-amineChEBI
MemantinaChEBI
MemantinumChEBI
ExibaKegg
AxuraHMDB
Lundbeck brand OF memantine hydrochlorideHMDB
Merz brand OF memantine hydrochlorideHMDB
EbixaHMDB
MemantinHMDB
Memantine hydrochlorideHMDB
NamendaHMDB
1,3-Dimethyl-5-aminoadamantaneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC12H21N
Average Molecular Weight179.3018
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight179.167399677
IUPAC Name3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-amine
Traditional Namememantine
CAS Registry Number19982-08-2
SMILES
CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N)(C3)C2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H21N/c1-10-3-9-4-11(2,6-10)8-12(13,5-9)7-10/h9H,3-8,13H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyBUGYDGFZZOZRHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassAmines
Direct ParentMonoalkylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point258 °C (hydrochloride salt)Not Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.046 g/LNot Available
LogP3.5Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM146.630932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.046 g/LALOGPS
logP3.31ALOGPS
logP2.07ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area26.02 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity54.49 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.82 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+142.67431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-136.62431661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-181.61230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+156.82930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+141.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+137.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+145.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+146.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-146.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-146.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-147.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
MemantineCC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N)(C3)C21656.0Standard polar33892256
MemantineCC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N)(C3)C21338.0Standard non polar33892256
MemantineCC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N)(C3)C21292.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Memantine,1TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21522.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Memantine,1TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21543.7Standard non polar33892256
Memantine,1TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21919.7Standard polar33892256
Memantine,2TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21686.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Memantine,2TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21785.4Standard non polar33892256
Memantine,2TMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)(C3)C21914.7Standard polar33892256
Memantine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C21796.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Memantine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C21733.5Standard non polar33892256
Memantine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C22076.4Standard polar33892256
Memantine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C22164.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Memantine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C22171.1Standard non polar33892256
Memantine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C3)C22136.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Memantine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03fr-0900000000-4db94b4b87705e834d5d2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Memantine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-0900000000-65172d14e0f6b9102d732017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-ce475f103d528ff4d3422017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-1c9199c5cf1c902223ae2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-08fr-0900000000-1bac817f714e7eec74882017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2900000000-eb58e236084a93a3d37b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-4900000000-5a87d54400c3e9720ad02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-9500000000-95eb2b63a2392449ec4a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-608b372857aacd60eb612017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00kf-9000000000-f283a81168372575c2aa2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-bbf1127413d0f995a0002017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-08fr-1900000000-af0d7a2139a4f01010292021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 120V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-9500000000-7d8b0b05d4e422cf43ff2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 90V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-4900000000-c38a0c0bf1d2218762552021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-9400000000-b9b0845988ac96d136552021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 150V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-c0a9196c8aea3bbc9ba52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-044i-0900000000-dbaa35eb2bd2e8a926ee2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-fe3a10c3c4ef737f63172021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-08fr-0900000000-31518410ee334d4b0e502021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-0900000000-d6a33792b66ebc7fcaa52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01q9-0900000000-d5fdfd99bc401e75f44d2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01q9-0900000000-8e06cea62d1b5b2287fd2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-07e8313e47d270feab022016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-8a0b61ba65a9638329fb2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-242508d651dfd0b38ea82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Memantine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01t9-0900000000-710a53b2a03cd1789d692016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01043 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01043 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01043
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3914
KEGG Compound IDC13736
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMemantine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4054
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID64312
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Rammes G, Rupprecht R, Ferrari U, Zieglgansberger W, Parsons CG: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine, MRZ 2/579 and other amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes antagonise 5-HT(3) receptor currents in cultured HEK-293 and N1E-115 cell systems in a non-competitive manner. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jun 22;306(1-2):81-4. [PubMed:11403963 ]
  2. Rogawski MA, Wenk GL: The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev. 2003 Fall;9(3):275-308. [PubMed:14530799 ]
  3. Cacabelos R, Takeda M, Winblad B: The glutamatergic system and neurodegeneration in dementia: preventive strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;14(1):3-47. [PubMed:10029935 ]
  4. Rogawski MA: Low affinity channel blocking (uncompetitive) NMDA receptor antagonists as therapeutic agents--toward an understanding of their favorable tolerability. Amino Acids. 2000;19(1):133-49. [PubMed:11026482 ]
  5. Robinson DM, Keating GM: Memantine: a review of its use in Alzheimer's disease. Drugs. 2006;66(11):1515-34. [PubMed:16906789 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
Gene Name:
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID:
P20813
Molecular weight:
56277.81
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
Gene Name:
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID:
P11509
Molecular weight:
56517.005
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits
Gene Name:
GRIN2A
Uniprot ID:
Q12879
Molecular weight:
165281.2
References
  1. Chen HS, Lipton SA: Pharmacological implications of two distinct mechanisms of interaction of memantine with N-methyl-D-aspartate-gated channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):961-71. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901795 ]
  2. Maler JM, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, Kunz N, Lewczuk P, Reulbach U, Bleich S, Ruther E, Kornhuber J: Memantine inhibits ethanol-induced NMDA receptor up-regulation in rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res. 2005 Aug 9;1052(2):156-62. [PubMed:16009352 ]
  3. Bresink I, Benke TA, Collett VJ, Seal AJ, Parsons CG, Henley JM, Collingridge GL: Effects of memantine on recombinant rat NMDA receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Sep;119(2):195-204. [PubMed:8886398 ]
  4. Blanpied TA, Boeckman FA, Aizenman E, Johnson JW: Trapping channel block of NMDA-activated responses by amantadine and memantine. J Neurophysiol. 1997 Jan;77(1):309-23. [PubMed:9120573 ]
  5. Rogawski MA, Wenk GL: The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev. 2003 Fall;9(3):275-308. [PubMed:14530799 ]
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN2B
Uniprot ID:
Q13224
Molecular weight:
166365.9
References
  1. Kashiwagi K, Masuko T, Nguyen CD, Kuno T, Tanaka I, Igarashi K, Williams K: Channel blockers acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: differential effects of mutations in the vestibule and ion channel pore. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Mar;61(3):533-45. [PubMed:11854433 ]
  2. Nakazato E, Kato A, Watanabe S: Brain but not spinal NR2B receptor is responsible for the anti-allodynic effect of an NR2B subunit-selective antagonist CP-101,606 in a rat chronic constriction injury model. Pharmacology. 2005 Jan;73(1):8-14. Epub 2004 Sep 27. [PubMed:15452358 ]
  3. Maler JM, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, Kunz N, Lewczuk P, Reulbach U, Bleich S, Ruther E, Kornhuber J: Memantine inhibits ethanol-induced NMDA receptor up-regulation in rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res. 2005 Aug 9;1052(2):156-62. [PubMed:16009352 ]
  4. Blanpied TA, Boeckman FA, Aizenman E, Johnson JW: Trapping channel block of NMDA-activated responses by amantadine and memantine. J Neurophysiol. 1997 Jan;77(1):309-23. [PubMed:9120573 ]
  5. Rogawski MA, Wenk GL: The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev. 2003 Fall;9(3):275-308. [PubMed:14530799 ]
General function:
Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel
Gene Name:
HTR3A
Uniprot ID:
P46098
Molecular weight:
55279.8
References
  1. Rammes G, Rupprecht R, Ferrari U, Zieglgansberger W, Parsons CG: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine, MRZ 2/579 and other amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes antagonise 5-HT(3) receptor currents in cultured HEK-293 and N1E-115 cell systems in a non-competitive manner. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jun 22;306(1-2):81-4. [PubMed:11403963 ]
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism
Gene Name:
GRIN3A
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCU5
Molecular weight:
125464.1
References
  1. Smothers CT, Woodward JJ: Pharmacological characterization of glycine-activated currents in HEK 293 cells expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1 and NR3 subunits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Aug;322(2):739-48. Epub 2007 May 14. [PubMed:17502428 ]
  2. Chatterton JE, Awobuluyi M, Premkumar LS, Takahashi H, Talantova M, Shin Y, Cui J, Tu S, Sevarino KA, Nakanishi N, Tong G, Lipton SA, Zhang D: Excitatory glycine receptors containing the NR3 family of NMDA receptor subunits. Nature. 2002 Feb 14;415(6873):793-8. Epub 2002 Jan 30. [PubMed:11823786 ]
  3. Schrattenholz A, Soskic V: NMDA receptors are not alone: dynamic regulation of NMDA receptor structure and function by neuregulins and transient cholesterol-rich membrane domains leads to disease-specific nuances of glutamate-signalling. Curr Top Med Chem. 2006;6(7):663-86. [PubMed:16719808 ]
  4. Foster AC, Kemp JA: Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;6(1):7-17. Epub 2005 Dec 22. [PubMed:16377242 ]
  5. Rogawski MA, Wenk GL: The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev. 2003 Fall;9(3):275-308. [PubMed:14530799 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
Gene Name:
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:
O15244
Molecular weight:
62564.0
References
  1. Busch AE, Karbach U, Miska D, Gorboulev V, Akhoundova A, Volk C, Arndt P, Ulzheimer JC, Sonders MS, Baumann C, Waldegger S, Lang F, Koepsell H: Human neurons express the polyspecific cation transporter hOCT2, which translocates monoamine neurotransmitters, amantadine, and memantine. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;54(2):342-52. [PubMed:9687576 ]