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Showing metabocard for Dexfenfluramine (HMDB0015322)
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| Version | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Expected but not Quantified | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2020-02-26 21:41:23 UTC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HMDB ID | HMDB0015322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Metabolite Identification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name | Dexfenfluramine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Dexfenfluramine, also known as redux, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. Dexfenfluramine is a drug which is used for the management of obesity including weight loss and maintenance of weight loss in patients on a reduced calorie diet. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Patients should be followed closely until there is no further evidence of drug-related CNS effects. Dexfenfluramine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Dexfenfluramine is a potentially toxic compound. Used to treat diabetes and obesity, Dexfenfluramine decreases caloric intake by increasing serotonin levels in the brain’s synapses. This causes inhbition of serotonin reuptake. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms |
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| Chemical Formula | C12H16F3N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Molecular Weight | 231.2573 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 231.123484132 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name | ethyl[(2S)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-yl]amine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Name | dexfenfluramine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Registry Number | 3239-44-9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES | CCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C12H16F3N/c1-3-16-9(2)7-10-5-4-6-11(8-10)12(13,14)15/h4-6,8-9,16H,3,7H2,1-2H3/t9-/m0/s1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key | DBGIVFWFUFKIQN-VIFPVBQESA-N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Organic compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Benzenoids | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Phenethylamines | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Amphetamines and derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors |
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| Ontology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physiological effect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposition | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Role | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State | Solid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Spectra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Biological Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations |
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| Biospecimen Locations |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pathways |
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| Normal Concentrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Abnormal Concentrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Concentrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disease References | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Associated OMIM IDs | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DrugBank ID | DB01191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FooDB ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemspider ID | 59646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BioCyc ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BiGG ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia Link | Dexfenfluramine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| METLIN ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PubChem Compound | 66265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PDB ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ChEBI ID | 439329 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VMH ID | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MarkerDB ID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General References |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular weight:
- 55627.365
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular weight:
- 55944.565
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID:
- P05181
- Molecular weight:
- 56848.42
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID:
- P10635
- Molecular weight:
- 55768.94
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular weight:
- 58406.915
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in monooxygenase activity
- Specific function:
- Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2A6
- Uniprot ID:
- P11509
- Molecular weight:
- 56517.005
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
- General function:
- Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
- Specific function:
- This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system
- Gene Name:
- HTR2C
- Uniprot ID:
- P28335
- Molecular weight:
- 51820.7
References
- Vickers SP, Clifton PG, Dourish CT, Tecott LH: Reduced satiating effect of d-fenfluramine in serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Apr;143(3):309-14. [PubMed:10353435 ]
- Wilson AW, Costall B, Neill JC: Manipulation of operant responding for an ethanol-paired conditioned stimulus in the rat by pharmacological alteration of the serotonergic system. J Psychopharmacol. 2000;14(4):340-6. [PubMed:11198050 ]
- Vickers SP, Dourish CT, Kennett GA: Evidence that hypophagia induced by d-fenfluramine and d-norfenfluramine in the rat is mediated by 5-HT2C receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2001 Aug;41(2):200-9. [PubMed:11489456 ]
- Tomkins DM, Joharchi N, Tampakeras M, Martin JR, Wichmann J, Higgins GA: An investigation of the role of 5-HT(2C) receptors in modifying ethanol self-administration behaviour. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Apr;71(4):735-44. [PubMed:11888565 ]
- Bickerdike MJ: 5-HT2C receptor agonists as potential drugs for the treatment of obesity. Curr Top Med Chem. 2003;3(8):885-97. [PubMed:12678838 ]
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
- Specific function:
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P31645
- Molecular weight:
- 70324.165
References
- Eddahibi S, Adnot S, Frisdal E, Levame M, Hamon M, Raffestin B: Dexfenfluramine-associated changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter expression and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):148-54. [PubMed:11259539 ]
- Russell BR, Laverty R: The effect of (R)-HA966 or ACEA 1021 on dexfenfluramine or (S)-MDMA-induced changes in temperature, activity, and neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Mar;68(3):565-74. [PubMed:11325413 ]
- Rothman RB, Jayanthi S, Wang X, Dersch CM, Cadet JL, Prisinzano T, Rice KC, Baumann MH: High-dose fenfluramine administration decreases serotonin transporter binding, but not serotonin transporter protein levels, in rat forebrain. Synapse. 2003 Dec 1;50(3):233-9. [PubMed:14515341 ]
- Johnson GJ, Leis LA, Dunlop PC, Weir EK: The effect of the anorectic agent, d-fenfluramine, and its primary metabolite, d-norfenfluramine, on intact human platelet serotonin uptake and efflux. J Thromb Haemost. 2003 Dec;1(12):2663-8. [PubMed:14675103 ]
- Wang X, Baumann MH, Xu H, Rothman RB: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration to rats decreases brain tissue serotonin but not serotonin transporter protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Synapse. 2004 Sep 15;53(4):240-8. [PubMed:15266556 ]