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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015326
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15326
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFlecainide
DescriptionFlecainide, also known as (+-)-flecainide or ccris 313, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzamides. These are organic compounds containing a carboxamido substituent attached to a benzene ring. In humans, flecainide is involved in the flecainide action pathway. Flecainide is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Flecainide.
Structure
Data?1582753284
Synonyms
ValueSource
(+-)-FlecainideChEBI
CCRIS 313ChEBI
FlecaineChEBI
FlecainidaChEBI
FlecainidumChEBI
N-(2-Piperidinylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamideChEBI
ApocardMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide monoacetate, (S)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide, 5-HO-N-(6-oxo)-derivativeMeSH, HMDB
Merck dura brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Alpharma brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide, 5-HO-N-(6-oxo)-derivative, (+-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
FlecatabMeSH, HMDB
TambocorMeSH, HMDB
3m Brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Alphapharm brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
FlecaduraMeSH, HMDB
Flecainid-isisMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide monoacetate, (R)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide, (R)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide, (S)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Riker brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Acetate, flecainideMeSH, HMDB
Flecainid isisMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide monoacetateMeSH, HMDB
Flecainide monoacetate, (+-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
United drug brand OF flecainide acetateMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC17H20F6N2O3
Average Molecular Weight414.3427
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight414.137811746
IUPAC NameN-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide
Traditional Nameflecainide
CAS Registry Number54143-55-4
SMILES
FC(F)(F)COC1=CC(C(=O)NCC2CCCCN2)=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H20F6N2O3/c18-16(19,20)9-27-12-4-5-14(28-10-17(21,22)23)13(7-12)15(26)25-8-11-3-1-2-6-24-11/h4-5,7,11,24H,1-3,6,8-10H2,(H,25,26)
InChI KeyDJBNUMBKLMJRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzamides. These are organic compounds containing a carboxamido substituent attached to a benzene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentBenzamides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzamide
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Benzoyl
  • Phenol ether
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Piperidine
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Ether
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Secondary amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Alkyl halide
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.032 g/LNot Available
LogP4.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM192.230932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.032 g/LALOGPS
logP2.98ALOGPS
logP3.19ChemAxon
logS-4.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.68ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.62ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area59.59 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity88.4 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability35.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+188.92830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-186.5730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-220.72430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+196.07630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+188.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+185.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+190.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+191.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-186.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-186.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-186.732859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
FlecainideFC(F)(F)COC1=CC(C(=O)NCC2CCCCN2)=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C=C12284.3Standard polar33892256
FlecainideFC(F)(F)COC1=CC(C(=O)NCC2CCCCN2)=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C=C12306.8Standard non polar33892256
FlecainideFC(F)(F)COC1=CC(C(=O)NCC2CCCCN2)=C(OCC(F)(F)F)C=C12322.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2206.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2328.9Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2439.0Standard polar33892256
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2337.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2298.8Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2621.5Standard polar33892256
Flecainide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2316.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2424.8Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2483.5Standard polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2378.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2561.6Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2526.8Standard polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2520.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2504.2Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1CNC(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2687.1Standard polar33892256
Flecainide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2692.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2805.9Standard non polar33892256
Flecainide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CC1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(OCC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OCC(F)(F)F2671.7Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flecainide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0f89-5009000000-7b1564870deda7f2d21e2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flecainide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flecainide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flecainide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flecainide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-9000000000-b732167df77d391931442014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-00dl-0095000000-644485d209c90776a32d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0190000000-201f2152d161a1ff83e52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0790000000-928874c4b348381ad1b82017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0596-0940000000-ee7a94ba0d7bcfa2fe932017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-052g-1910000000-a32ac2f605f11fbbc5e02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , negative-QTOFsplash10-0297-1900000000-f1c49d25a6b161ff44d92017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-9820e909cb01d45fa8152017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-2009500000-68b872fada8afdd4e5802017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-5019000000-8fa5e4257c88beda0ea12017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0uea-8069000000-149a79cf429446ec77c22017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0uei-6292000000-103ccdef98c4b6c9e4082017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide LC-ESI-QFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0pdi-8970000000-9258d139b203d6c98df02017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 15V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-3df851e0ff354ab1be592021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0090000000-8d4a6a9978cccc816b472021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-2009500000-c58556b6a88ebc0729bc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0001900000-9830e722af2fab717f282021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-c80ce9de474de184ff132021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 45V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-5019000000-00737a572b9aa2cd61a32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 15V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00dl-0095000000-43e08367bbe8d04a6a082021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-5306900000-5bc88ff27c840b41cb322016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9314100000-11d4e9fa034a85ea06f02016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-9010000000-ac2b8dd3242c0db13ae92016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0004900000-9ea43375c547f2e6b28a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03xu-2139400000-cddcc91db822779e66b62016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flecainide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00l2-5391000000-60f93403fdd5f22a81c32016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01195 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01195 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01195
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3239
KEGG Compound IDC07001
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFlecainide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID75984
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Gill JS, Mehta D, Ward DE, Camm AJ: Efficacy of flecainide, sotalol, and verapamil in the treatment of right ventricular tachycardia in patients without overt cardiac abnormality. Br Heart J. 1992 Oct;68(4):392-7. [PubMed:1449923 ]
  2. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, et al.: Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991 Mar 21;324(12):781-8. [PubMed:1900101 ]
  3. Sakurada H, Hiyoshi Y, Tejima T, Yanase O, Tokuyasu Y, Watanabe K, Motomiya T, Sugiura M, Hiraoka M: [Effects of oral flecainide treatment of refractory tachyarrhythmias]. Kokyu To Junkan. 1990 May;38(5):471-6. [PubMed:2115193 ]
  4. Greenberg HM, Dwyer EM Jr, Hochman JS, Steinberg JS, Echt DS, Peters RW: Interaction of ischaemia and encainide/flecainide treatment: a proposed mechanism for the increased mortality in CAST I. Br Heart J. 1995 Dec;74(6):631-5. [PubMed:8541168 ]
  5. Gasparini M, Priori SG, Mantica M, Napolitano C, Galimberti P, Ceriotti C, Simonini S: Flecainide test in Brugada syndrome: a reproducible but risky tool. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003 Jan;26(1 Pt 2):338-41. [PubMed:12687841 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. This sodium channel may be present in both denervated and innervated skeletal muscle
Gene Name:
SCN4A
Uniprot ID:
P35499
Molecular weight:
208059.2
References
  1. Desaphy JF, De Luca A, Didonna MP, George AL Jr, Camerino Conte D: Different flecainide sensitivity of hNav1.4 channels and myotonic mutants explained by state-dependent block. J Physiol. 2004 Jan 15;554(Pt 2):321-34. Epub 2003 Nov 7. [PubMed:14608015 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential in the electrocardiogram
Gene Name:
SCN5A
Uniprot ID:
Q14524
Molecular weight:
226937.5
References
  1. Nagatomo T, January CT, Makielski JC: Preferential block of late sodium current in the LQT3 DeltaKPQ mutant by the class I(C) antiarrhythmic flecainide. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):101-7. [PubMed:10617684 ]
  2. Benhorin J, Taub R, Goldmit M, Kerem B, Kass RS, Windman I, Medina A: Effects of flecainide in patients with new SCN5A mutation: mutation-specific therapy for long-QT syndrome? Circulation. 2000 Apr 11;101(14):1698-706. [PubMed:10758053 ]
  3. Priori SG, Napolitano C, Schwartz PJ, Bloise R, Crotti L, Ronchetti E: The elusive link between LQT3 and Brugada syndrome: the role of flecainide challenge. Circulation. 2000 Aug 29;102(9):945-7. [PubMed:10961955 ]
  4. Cerrone M, Crotti L, Faggiano G, De Michelis V, Napolitano C, Schwartz PJ, Priori SG: [Long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome: 2 aspects of the same disease?]. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001 Mar;2(3):253-7. [PubMed:11307783 ]
  5. Viswanathan PC, Bezzina CR, George AL Jr, Roden DM, Wilde AA, Balser JR: Gating-dependent mechanisms for flecainide action in SCN5A-linked arrhythmia syndromes. Circulation. 2001 Sep 4;104(10):1200-5. [PubMed:11535580 ]
  6. Ramos E, O'leary ME: State-dependent trapping of flecainide in the cardiac sodium channel. J Physiol. 2004 Oct 1;560(Pt 1):37-49. Epub 2004 Jul 22. [PubMed:15272045 ]
  7. Shimizu W, Antzelevitch C, Suyama K, Kurita T, Taguchi A, Aihara N, Takaki H, Sunagawa K, Kamakura S: Effect of sodium channel blockers on ST segment, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval in patients with Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000 Dec;11(12):1320-9. [PubMed:11196553 ]
  8. Liu H, Atkins J, Kass RS: Common molecular determinants of flecainide and lidocaine block of heart Na+ channels: evidence from experiments with neutral and quaternary flecainide analogues. J Gen Physiol. 2003 Mar;121(3):199-214. [PubMed:12601084 ]
  9. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]