Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2017-03-23 04:54:30 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 03:17:57 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0062632
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB62632
Metabolite Identification
Common Name1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid
Description1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid is classified as a member of the Diterpene glycosides. Diterpene glycosides are diterpenoids in which an isoprene unit is glycosylated. 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid is an isoprenoid lipid molecule
Structure
Data?1563866339
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-O-all-trans-Retinoyl-b-glucuronateGenerator
1-O-all-trans-Retinoyl-b-glucuronic acidGenerator
1-O-all-trans-Retinoyl-beta-glucuronateGenerator
1-O-all-trans-Retinoyl-β-glucuronateGenerator
1-O-all-trans-Retinoyl-β-glucuronic acidGenerator
Chemical FormulaC26H36O8
Average Molecular Weight476.566
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight476.241018119
IUPAC Name(3S,6S)-6-{[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoyl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Name(3S,6S)-6-{[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoyl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H]/C(=C(/[H])\C(\C)=C(/[H])C(=O)O[C@]1([H])OC([H])(C(O)=O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([H])(O)C1([H])O)/C(/[H])=C(\C)/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C26H36O8/c1-15(11-12-18-17(3)10-7-13-26(18,4)5)8-6-9-16(2)14-19(27)33-25-22(30)20(28)21(29)23(34-25)24(31)32/h6,8-9,11-12,14,20-23,25,28-30H,7,10,13H2,1-5H3,(H,31,32)/b9-6+,12-11+,15-8+,16-14+/t20?,21-,22?,23?,25+/m0/s1
InChI KeyMTGFYEHKPMOVNE-PQHKWSGMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpene glycosides. These are diterpenoids in which an isoprene unit is glycosylated.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTerpene glycosides
Direct ParentDiterpene glycosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Diterpene glycoside
  • Retinoid ester
  • Diterpenoid
  • Retinoid skeleton
  • 1-o-glucuronide
  • O-glucuronide
  • Glucuronic acid or derivatives
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Fatty acid ester
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acyl
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Pyran
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Enoate ester
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Oxacycle
  • Acetal
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
DispositionNot Available
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.046 g/lALOGPS
LogP3.57ALOGPS
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP3.57ALOGPS
logP3.3ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.39ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area133.52 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity130.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability52.82 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+217.70330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-215.80830932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-249.67730932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+223.69830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+220.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+218.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+222.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+223.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-214.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-216.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-219.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid[H]/C(=C(/[H])\C(\C)=C(/[H])C(=O)O[C@]1([H])OC([H])(C(O)=O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([H])(O)C1([H])O)/C(/[H])=C(\C)/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C5089.7Standard polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid[H]/C(=C(/[H])\C(\C)=C(/[H])C(=O)O[C@]1([H])OC([H])(C(O)=O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([H])(O)C1([H])O)/C(/[H])=C(\C)/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C3156.2Standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid[H]/C(=C(/[H])\C(\C)=C(/[H])C(=O)O[C@]1([H])OC([H])(C(O)=O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([H])(O)C1([H])O)/C(/[H])=C(\C)/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C3416.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13762.3Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13794.1Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13788.2Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13802.8Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13757.3Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13749.5Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13753.9Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13764.3Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #5CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13772.7Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TMS,isomer #6CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13775.2Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13739.1Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13746.9Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13742.0Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13765.1Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,4TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC13724.7Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13977.3Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC13993.0Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC14012.5Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,1TBDMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14031.9Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC14171.3Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC14179.4Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14184.8Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC14185.0Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14193.9Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,2TBDMS,isomer #6CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14207.1Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O)C(C)(C)CCC14342.0Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14367.5Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14375.6Semi standard non polar33892256
1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2OC(C(=O)O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC14384.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-9232400000-cddfe3500d5b4c529c552017-09-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-4172029000-4c12a85f1265a1504df52017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pe9-0794500000-f6e16a854f73ef0ac3e62017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0kau-0961000000-27e05aeafb96807309fc2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002r-2910000000-520a64b220930bb837a32017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0190300000-ce011d8b847bf9dd3dad2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000t-3690200000-79387b4b75aeca17377b2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0535-8590000000-54774291d144699385a52017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0850900000-71412a73d4ec28420fef2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0k92-1590100000-48026a1c771a5f0294852021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zfr-2391100000-b55751bf8211623a18422021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0kbr-0746900000-209c669ec4a65c7448422021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-0920000000-aacc3b82dc341f9680152021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-O-all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronic Acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0540-0900000000-1e7794891dec2585a5f52021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound56940677
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.