Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Predicted |
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Creation Date | 2021-03-31 19:09:51 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-10-24 19:45:09 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0241531 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | (7Z)-Octadec-7-enoylcarnitine |
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Description | (7Z)-octadec-7-enoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (7Z)-octadec-7-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review (PMID: 35710135 ), acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (7Z)-octadec-7-enoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (7Z)-octadec-7-enoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748 ). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. In particular (7Z)-octadec-7-enoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 deficiency (PMID: 15653102 , PMID: 11999976 ), cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients (PMID: 24308938 ), schizophrenia (PMID: 31161852 ), succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 32967698 ), neonatal macrosomia (PMID: 32126138 ), liver cirrhosis (PMID: 32075591 ), CPT II deficiency (PMID: 28801073 , PMID: 18987586 , PMID: 18925671 , PMID: 11585077 ), carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency (PMID: 15057979 ), and ischaemia/reperfusion (PMID: 26936967 , PMID: 22607863 , PMID: 24468136 ). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulin's inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774 ). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903 ). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available (PMID: 35710135 ). |
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Structure | CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C InChI=1S/C25H47NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h14-15,23H,5-13,16-22H2,1-4H3 |
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Synonyms | Not Available |
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Chemical Formula | C25H47NO4 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 425.654 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 425.350508997 |
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IUPAC Name | 3-(octadec-7-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate |
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Traditional Name | 3-(octadec-7-enoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C25H47NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h14-15,23H,5-13,16-22H2,1-4H3 |
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InChI Key | SYRUSDSGYMLOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acid esters |
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Direct Parent | Acyl carnitines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Acyl-carnitine
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Tetraalkylammonium salt
- Quaternary ammonium salt
- Carboxylic acid salt
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic salt
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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DeepCCS | [M+H]+ | 218.616 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-H]- | 214.597 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 251.139 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 227.431 | 30932474 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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General References | - Iacobazzi V, Pasquali M, Singh R, Matern D, Rinaldo P, Amat di San Filippo C, Palmieri F, Longo N: Response to therapy in carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency due to a novel missense mutation. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Apr 15;126A(2):150-5. [PubMed:15057979 ]
- Minkler PE, Kerner J, North KN, Hoppel CL: Quantitation of long-chain acylcarnitines by HPLC/fluorescence detection: application to plasma and tissue specimens from patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Feb;352(1-2):81-92. [PubMed:15653102 ]
- Gempel K, Kiechl S, Hofmann S, Lochmuller H, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Willeit J, Sperl W, Rettinger A, Bieger I, Pongratz D, Gerbitz KD, Bauer MF: Screening for carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency by tandem mass spectrometry. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 Feb;25(1):17-27. [PubMed:11999976 ]
- Blazenovic I, Kind T, Sa MR, Ji J, Vaniya A, Wancewicz B, Roberts BS, Torbasinovic H, Lee T, Mehta SS, Showalter MR, Song H, Kwok J, Jahn D, Kim J, Fiehn O: Structure Annotation of All Mass Spectra in Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem. 2019 Feb 5;91(3):2155-2162. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04698. Epub 2019 Jan 16. [PubMed:30608141 ]
- FRITZ IB: Action of carnitine on long chain fatty acid oxidation by liver. Am J Physiol. 1959 Aug;197:297-304. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.2.297. [PubMed:13825279 ]
- Reuter SE, Evans AM: Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Sep 1;51(9):553-72. doi: 10.1007/BF03261931. [PubMed:22804748 ]
- Bruce CR, Hoy AJ, Turner N, Watt MJ, Allen TL, Carpenter K, Cooney GJ, Febbraio MA, Kraegen EW: Overexpression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in skeletal muscle is sufficient to enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009 Mar;58(3):550-8. doi: 10.2337/db08-1078. Epub 2008 Dec 10. [PubMed:19073774 ]
- Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR: Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance? Diabetes. 2013 Jan;62(1):1-8. doi: 10.2337/db12-0466. [PubMed:23258903 ]
- Ahmad T, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW, Hellkamp AS, Fiuzat M, Testani JM, Wang TS, Verma A, Samsky MD, Donahue MP, Ilkayeva OR, Bowles DE, Patel CB, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Felker GM, O'Connor CM, Shah SH, Kraus WE: Prognostic Implications of Long-Chain Acylcarnitines in Heart Failure and Reversibility With Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jan 26;67(3):291-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.079. [PubMed:26796394 ]
- Cao B, Wang D, Pan Z, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E, Subramanieapillai M, Nozari Y, Wang J: Metabolic profiling for water-soluble metabolites in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in a Chinese population: A case-control study. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;21(5):357-367. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1615639. Epub 2019 Jun 4. [PubMed:31161852 ]
- Kalim S, Clish CB, Wenger J, Elmariah S, Yeh RW, Deferio JJ, Pierce K, Deik A, Gerszten RE, Thadhani R, Rhee EP: A plasma long-chain acylcarnitine predicts cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013 Dec 5;2(6):e000542. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000542. [PubMed:24308938 ]
- Kirby T, Walters DC, Shi X, Turgeon C, Rinaldo P, Arning E, Ashcraft P, Bottiglieri T, DiBacco M, Pearl PL, Roullet JB, Gibson KM: Novel biomarkers and age-related metabolite correlations in plasma and dried blood spots from patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020 Sep 23;15(1):261. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01522-5. [PubMed:32967698 ]
- Wright EL, Baker PR: Neonatal Macrosomia is an Interfering Factor for Analytes on the Colorado State Newborn Screen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3). pii: 5775549. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz183. [PubMed:32126138 ]
- Miyaaki H, Kobayashi H, Miuma S, Fukusima M, Sasaki R, Haraguchi M, Nakao K: Blood carnitine profiling on tandem mass spectrometry in liver cirrhotic patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020 Feb 19;20(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s12876-020-01190-6. [PubMed:32075591 ]
- Tajima G, Hara K, Tsumura M, Kagawa R, Okada S, Sakura N, Maruyama S, Noguchi A, Awaya T, Ishige M, Ishige N, Musha I, Ajihara S, Ohtake A, Naito E, Hamada Y, Kono T, Asada T, Sasai H, Fukao T, Fujiki R, Ohara O, Bo R, Yamada K, Kobayashi H, Hasegawa Y, Yamaguchi S, Takayanagi M, Hata I, Shigematsu Y, Kobayashi M: Newborn screening for carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency using (C16+C18:1)/C2: Evaluation of additional indices for adequate sensitivity and lower false-positivity. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Nov;122(3):67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Jul 31. [PubMed:28801073 ]
- Brucknerova I, Bzduch V, Behulova D, Ferianec V, Dubovicky M, Ujhazy E, Mach M: Reversible asphyxial status in a newborn due to neonatal form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Oct;29(5):627-30. [PubMed:18987586 ]
- Illsinger S, Lucke T, Peter M, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Deschauer M, Handig I, Wuyts W, Das AM: Carnitine-palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency: novel mutations and relevance of newborn screening. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Nov 15;146A(22):2925-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32545. [PubMed:18925671 ]
- Gempel K, von Praun C, Baumkotter J, Lehnert W, Ensenauer R, Gerbitz KD, Bauer MF: "Adult" form of muscular carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: manifestation in a 2-year-old child. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 Sep;160(9):548-51. doi: 10.1007/s004310100802. [PubMed:11585077 ]
- Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Volska K, Kuka J, Makarova E, Antone U, Sevostjanovs E, Vilskersts R, Strods A, Tars K, Dambrova M: Long-chain acylcarnitines determine ischaemia/reperfusion-induced damage in heart mitochondria. Biochem J. 2016 May 1;473(9):1191-202. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20160164. Epub 2016 Mar 2. [PubMed:26936967 ]
- Shah SH, Sun JL, Stevens RD, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Pieper KS, Haynes C, Hauser ER, Kraus WE, Granger CB, Newgard CB, Califf RM, Newby LK: Baseline metabolomic profiles predict cardiovascular events in patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2012 May;163(5):844-850.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.02.005. [PubMed:22607863 ]
- Rizza S, Copetti M, Rossi C, Cianfarani MA, Zucchelli M, Luzi A, Pecchioli C, Porzio O, Di Cola G, Urbani A, Pellegrini F, Federici M: Metabolomics signature improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in elderly subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2014 Feb;232(2):260-4. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.029. Epub 2013 Nov 18. [PubMed:24468136 ]
- Yu D, Zhou L, Xuan Q, Wang L, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G: Strategy for Comprehensive Identification of Acylcarnitines Based on Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2018 May 1;90(9):5712-5718. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05471. Epub 2018 Apr 20. [PubMed:29651844 ]
- Yan X, Markey SP, Marupaka R, Dong Q, Cooper BT, Mirokhin YA, Wallace WE, Stein SE: Mass Spectral Library of Acylcarnitines Derived from Human Urine. Anal Chem. 2020 May 5;92(9):6521-6528. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00129. Epub 2020 Apr 23. [PubMed:32271007 ]
- Zuniga A, Li L: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis of urinary acylcarnitines. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Mar 9;689(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.018. Epub 2011 Jan 18. [PubMed:21338760 ]
- Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schioth HB: Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev. 2022 Jul;74(3):506-551. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408. [PubMed:35710135 ]
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