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Showing metabocard for (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine (HMDB0241540)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesXML
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusPredicted
Creation Date2021-03-31 19:11:10 UTC
Update Date2022-10-24 19:45:10 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0241540
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common Name(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine
Description(6Z,9Z)-octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6Z,9Z)-octadeca-6,9-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review (PMID: 35710135 ), acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6Z,9Z)-octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (6Z,9Z)-octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748 ). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. In particular (6Z,9Z)-octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with Parkinson disease (PMID: 29294246 ), chronic heart failure (PMID: 26796394 , PMID: 27473038 ), carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency (PMID: 15057979 ), and ischaemia/reperfusion (PMID: 26936967 , PMID: 22607863 , PMID: 24468136 ). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulin's inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774 ). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903 ). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available (PMID: 35710135 ).
Structure
Data?1621324693
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)


  Mrv1652303312121112D          

 30 29  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -6.2901    3.7934    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5756    3.3809    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8612    3.7934    0.0000 O   0  5  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5756    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8612    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1467    2.5559    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4322    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4322    1.3184    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7177    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0033    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2888    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5743    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1401    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8546    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5691    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2836    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9980    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7125    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4270    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1414    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.8559    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5704    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2849    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    8.7138    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -5.5756    0.9059    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9881    1.6204    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
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 13 12  1  4  0  0  0
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 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
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  5 26  1  0  0  0  0
 26 27  1  0  0  0  0
 27 28  1  0  0  0  0
 27 29  1  0  0  0  0
 27 30  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  2   3  -1  27   1
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

HMDB0241540
     RDKit          3D
(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine
 75 74  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.4751    3.2209    0.3050 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1187    1.8419    0.0767 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4170    1.3065    1.4510 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0507   -0.0679    1.3924 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3494   -0.0486    0.6384 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.9541   -1.4145    0.6349 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    4.9092   -3.0514   -2.0205 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -5.6509    2.0546    2.2971 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.4841    3.1133    1.8084 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    7.9589   -1.4107    0.1128 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1090   -2.5313    0.5190 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5738   -3.4227   -0.0859 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.3412   -1.0329   -1.5210 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    3.1595   -3.7159   -2.9063 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -5.5365    2.3218   -1.0537 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -6.5402    0.9441    0.8140 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3862    0.0630    1.8495 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9173    4.0677    1.8351 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -7.3749    3.3178    2.4744 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.7755    2.2654    4.0907 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.1788    0.8561    3.0076 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.6464    0.8519    4.0242 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5942    2.6779    2.1447 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6074    3.4772    3.3644 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0693    1.7369    3.5761 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
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  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
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  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  3
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 11 12  1  0
 12 13  2  3
 13 14  1  0
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 18 19  2  0
 18 20  1  0
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 26 27  1  0
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 27 30  1  0
  1 31  1  0
  1 32  1  0
  1 33  1  0
  2 34  1  0
  2 35  1  0
  3 36  1  0
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  4 38  1  0
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 29 71  1  0
 29 72  1  0
 30 73  1  0
 30 74  1  0
 30 75  1  0
M  CHG  2  25  -1  27   1
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)


  Mrv1652303312121112D          

 30 29  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -6.2901    3.7934    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5756    3.3809    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8612    3.7934    0.0000 O   0  5  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5756    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8612    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1467    2.5559    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4322    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4322    1.3184    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7177    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0033    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2888    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5743    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1401    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8546    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5691    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2836    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9980    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7125    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4270    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1414    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.8559    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5704    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2849    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.9993    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.7138    2.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8612    1.3184    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5756    0.9059    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9881    1.6204    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1631    0.1914    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.2901    0.4934    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  7  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  1  0  0  0  0
 13 12  1  4  0  0  0
 13 14  2  0  0  0  0
 14 15  1  0  0  0  0
 16 15  1  4  0  0  0
 16 17  2  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
 21 22  1  0  0  0  0
 22 23  1  0  0  0  0
 23 24  1  0  0  0  0
 24 25  1  0  0  0  0
  5 26  1  0  0  0  0
 26 27  1  0  0  0  0
 27 28  1  0  0  0  0
 27 29  1  0  0  0  0
 27 30  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  2   3  -1  27   1
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0241540

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C25H45NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h12-13,15-16,23H,5-11,14,17-22H2,1-4H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
GPGDVZHVXYLOKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C25H45NO4

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
423.638

> <EXACT_MASS>
423.334858933

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
75

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
52.86058181264889

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-(octadeca-6,9-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
2.1988418708615876

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.258134819101065

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-7.057188777394587

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
66.43

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
148.51189999999997

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
3-(octadeca-6,9-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

HMDB0241540
     RDKit          3D
(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine
 75 74  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.4751    3.2209    0.3050 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1187    1.8419    0.0767 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4170    1.3065    1.4510 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0507   -0.0679    1.3924 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3494   -0.0486    0.6384 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.9541   -1.4145    0.6349 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0617   -2.4159   -0.0062 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7858   -2.0161   -1.4503 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9092   -3.0514   -2.0205 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7298   -2.8533   -2.5017 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0323   -1.5626   -2.5756 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7708   -1.7000   -1.7793 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6199   -1.5269   -2.3788 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6528   -1.6738   -1.5349 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4231   -2.7809   -2.1566 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6834   -3.1599   -1.4993 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7441   -2.1763   -1.3648 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5980   -1.0192   -0.4748 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6878   -0.8731    0.3571 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5270    0.0386   -0.5145 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4241    1.1729    0.3280 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5724    2.3912   -0.5061 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5093    2.4353   -1.5296 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6229    1.5716   -1.6445 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5188    3.5176   -2.4083 O   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5613    1.0163    1.3306 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.6509    2.0546    2.2971 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.4841    3.1133    1.8084 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.3765    1.4673    3.4435 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4019    2.5059    2.8466 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7834    3.4526   -0.5156 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9330    3.2122    1.2929 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2464    4.0157    0.3483 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4564    1.2066   -0.5094 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0700    2.0190   -0.4707 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1564    1.9724    1.9411 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4839    1.2034    2.0342 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3428   -0.7498    0.8603 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.2390   -0.4056    2.4266 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.1806    0.3562   -0.3751 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0556    0.7019    1.1306 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1675   -1.7697    1.6811 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.9589   -1.4107    0.1128 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1090   -2.5313    0.5190 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5738   -3.4227   -0.0859 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.3412   -1.0329   -1.5210 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.7863   -1.9846   -1.9789 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.3196   -4.0838   -2.0266 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1595   -3.7159   -2.9063 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5718   -0.6909   -2.2000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7622   -1.3186   -3.6371 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8257   -1.9374   -0.7323 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5217   -1.2890   -3.4240 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3811   -1.8937   -0.5012 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1531   -0.6862   -1.6340 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5928   -2.5534   -3.2719 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7496   -3.7072   -2.2362 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4877   -3.6189   -0.4674 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1331   -4.0289   -2.1075 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6973   -2.7000   -0.9832 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1070   -1.8169   -2.3806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5095    1.0643    0.9081 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5365    2.3218   -1.0537 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5127    3.3506    0.0431 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.5402    0.9441    0.8140 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3862    0.0630    1.8495 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9173    4.0677    1.8351 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.9305    2.8998    0.8128 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.3749    3.3178    2.4744 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.7755    2.2654    4.0907 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.1788    0.8561    3.0076 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.6464    0.8519    4.0242 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5942    2.6779    2.1447 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6074    3.4772    3.3644 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0693    1.7369    3.5761 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  3
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 12 13  2  3
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 17 18  1  0
 18 19  2  0
 18 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21 22  1  0
 22 23  1  0
 23 24  2  0
 23 25  1  0
 21 26  1  0
 26 27  1  0
 27 28  1  0
 27 29  1  0
 27 30  1  0
  1 31  1  0
  1 32  1  0
  1 33  1  0
  2 34  1  0
  2 35  1  0
  3 36  1  0
  3 37  1  0
  4 38  1  0
  4 39  1  0
  5 40  1  0
  5 41  1  0
  6 42  1  0
  6 43  1  0
  7 44  1  0
  7 45  1  0
  8 46  1  0
  8 47  1  0
  9 48  1  0
 10 49  1  0
 11 50  1  0
 11 51  1  0
 12 52  1  0
 13 53  1  0
 14 54  1  0
 14 55  1  0
 15 56  1  0
 15 57  1  0
 16 58  1  0
 16 59  1  0
 17 60  1  0
 17 61  1  0
 21 62  1  0
 22 63  1  0
 22 64  1  0
 26 65  1  0
 26 66  1  0
 28 67  1  0
 28 68  1  0
 28 69  1  0
 29 70  1  0
 29 71  1  0
 29 72  1  0
 30 73  1  0
 30 74  1  0
 30 75  1  0
M  CHG  2  25  -1  27   1
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 31-MAR-21   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   31-MAR-21         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0     -11.742   7.081   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0     -10.408   6.311   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      -9.074   7.081   0.000  0.00  0.00           O-1
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0     -10.408   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -9.074   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      -7.740   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      -6.407   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0      -6.407   2.461   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      -5.073   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      -3.739   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0      -2.406   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      -1.072   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0       0.262   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0       1.595   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0       2.929   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0       4.263   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0       5.596   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0       6.930   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  C   UNK     0       8.264   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0       9.597   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  C   UNK     0      10.931   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   22  C   UNK     0      12.265   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   23  C   UNK     0      13.598   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   24  C   UNK     0      14.932   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   25  C   UNK     0      16.266   4.771   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   26  C   UNK     0      -9.074   2.461   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   27  N   UNK     0     -10.408   1.691   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+1
HETATM   28  C   UNK     0     -11.178   3.025   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   29  C   UNK     0      -9.638   0.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   30  C   UNK     0     -11.742   0.921   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6   26                                                  
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6    8    9                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
CONECT    9    7   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9   11                                                       
CONECT   11   10   12                                                       
CONECT   12   11   13                                                       
CONECT   13   12   14                                                       
CONECT   14   13   15                                                       
CONECT   15   14   16                                                       
CONECT   16   15   17                                                       
CONECT   17   16   18                                                       
CONECT   18   17   19                                                       
CONECT   19   18   20                                                       
CONECT   20   19   21                                                       
CONECT   21   20   22                                                       
CONECT   22   21   23                                                       
CONECT   23   22   24                                                       
CONECT   24   23   25                                                       
CONECT   25   24                                                            
CONECT   26    5   27                                                       
CONECT   27   26   28   29   30                                             
CONECT   28   27                                                            
CONECT   29   27                                                            
CONECT   30   27                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   30    0   58    0
END
Download

3D PDB for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

COMPND    HMDB0241540
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       3.475   3.221   0.305  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       4.119   1.842   0.077  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1       4.417   1.306   1.451  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1       5.051  -0.068   1.392  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1       6.349  -0.049   0.638  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1       6.954  -1.415   0.635  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C7  UNL     1       6.062  -2.416  -0.006  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C8  UNL     1       5.786  -2.016  -1.450  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C9  UNL     1       4.909  -3.051  -2.021  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C10 UNL     1       3.730  -2.853  -2.502  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  C11 UNL     1       3.032  -1.563  -2.576  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  C12 UNL     1       1.771  -1.700  -1.779  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   13  C13 UNL     1       0.620  -1.527  -2.379  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   14  C14 UNL     1      -0.653  -1.674  -1.535  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   15  C15 UNL     1      -1.423  -2.781  -2.157  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   16  C16 UNL     1      -2.683  -3.160  -1.499  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  C17 UNL     1      -3.744  -2.176  -1.365  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   18  C18 UNL     1      -3.598  -1.019  -0.475  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  O1  UNL     1      -2.688  -0.873   0.357  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   20  O2  UNL     1      -4.527   0.039  -0.514  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   21  C19 UNL     1      -4.424   1.173   0.328  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   22  C20 UNL     1      -4.572   2.391  -0.506  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   23  C21 UNL     1      -3.509   2.435  -1.530  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   24  O3  UNL     1      -2.623   1.572  -1.644  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   25  O4  UNL     1      -3.519   3.518  -2.408  1.00  0.00           O1-
HETATM   26  C22 UNL     1      -5.561   1.016   1.331  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   27  N1  UNL     1      -5.651   2.055   2.297  1.00  0.00           N1+
HETATM   28  C23 UNL     1      -6.484   3.113   1.808  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   29  C24 UNL     1      -6.377   1.467   3.443  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   30  C25 UNL     1      -4.402   2.506   2.847  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   31  H1  UNL     1       2.783   3.453  -0.516  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H2  UNL     1       2.933   3.212   1.293  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H3  UNL     1       4.246   4.016   0.348  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H4  UNL     1       3.456   1.207  -0.509  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H5  UNL     1       5.070   2.019  -0.471  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H6  UNL     1       5.156   1.972   1.941  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H7  UNL     1       3.484   1.203   2.034  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H8  UNL     1       4.343  -0.750   0.860  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H9  UNL     1       5.239  -0.406   2.427  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H10 UNL     1       6.181   0.356  -0.375  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H11 UNL     1       7.056   0.702   1.131  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H12 UNL     1       7.168  -1.770   1.681  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H13 UNL     1       7.959  -1.411   0.113  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H14 UNL     1       5.109  -2.531   0.519  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H15 UNL     1       6.574  -3.423  -0.086  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   46  H16 UNL     1       5.341  -1.033  -1.521  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   47  H17 UNL     1       6.786  -1.985  -1.979  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   48  H18 UNL     1       5.320  -4.084  -2.027  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   49  H19 UNL     1       3.160  -3.716  -2.906  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   50  H20 UNL     1       3.572  -0.691  -2.200  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   51  H21 UNL     1       2.762  -1.319  -3.637  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   52  H22 UNL     1       1.826  -1.937  -0.732  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   53  H23 UNL     1       0.522  -1.289  -3.424  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   54  H24 UNL     1      -0.381  -1.894  -0.501  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   55  H25 UNL     1      -1.153  -0.686  -1.634  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   56  H26 UNL     1      -1.593  -2.553  -3.272  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   57  H27 UNL     1      -0.750  -3.707  -2.236  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   58  H28 UNL     1      -2.488  -3.619  -0.467  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   59  H29 UNL     1      -3.133  -4.029  -2.107  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   60  H30 UNL     1      -4.697  -2.700  -0.983  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   61  H31 UNL     1      -4.107  -1.817  -2.381  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   62  H32 UNL     1      -3.510   1.064   0.908  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   63  H33 UNL     1      -5.536   2.322  -1.054  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   64  H34 UNL     1      -4.513   3.351   0.043  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   65  H35 UNL     1      -6.540   0.944   0.814  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   66  H36 UNL     1      -5.386   0.063   1.850  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   67  H37 UNL     1      -5.917   4.068   1.835  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   68  H38 UNL     1      -6.931   2.900   0.813  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   69  H39 UNL     1      -7.375   3.318   2.474  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   70  H40 UNL     1      -6.775   2.265   4.091  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   71  H41 UNL     1      -7.179   0.856   3.008  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   72  H42 UNL     1      -5.646   0.852   4.024  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   73  H43 UNL     1      -3.594   2.678   2.145  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   74  H44 UNL     1      -4.607   3.477   3.364  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   75  H45 UNL     1      -4.069   1.737   3.576  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   31   32   33
CONECT    2    3   34   35
CONECT    3    4   36   37
CONECT    4    5   38   39
CONECT    5    6   40   41
CONECT    6    7   42   43
CONECT    7    8   44   45
CONECT    8    9   46   47
CONECT    9   10   10   48
CONECT   10   11   49
CONECT   11   12   50   51
CONECT   12   13   13   52
CONECT   13   14   53
CONECT   14   15   54   55
CONECT   15   16   56   57
CONECT   16   17   58   59
CONECT   17   18   60   61
CONECT   18   19   19   20
CONECT   20   21
CONECT   21   22   26   62
CONECT   22   23   63   64
CONECT   23   24   24   25
CONECT   26   27   65   66
CONECT   27   28   29   30
CONECT   28   67   68   69
CONECT   29   70   71   72
CONECT   30   73   74   75
END
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SMILES for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

CCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C
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INCHI for HMDB0241540 ((6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine)

InChI=1S/C25H45NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h12-13,15-16,23H,5-11,14,17-22H2,1-4H3
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC25H45NO4
Average Molecular Weight423.638
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight423.334858933
IUPAC Name3-(octadeca-6,9-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
Traditional Name3-(octadeca-6,9-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C25H45NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25(29)30-23(21-24(27)28)22-26(2,3)4/h12-13,15-16,23H,5-11,14,17-22H2,1-4H3
InChI KeyGPGDVZHVXYLOKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acid esters
Direct ParentAcyl carnitines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acyl-carnitine
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Carboxylic acid salt
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological location
ProcessNot Available
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.2ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.26ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.43 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count20ChemAxon
Refractivity148.51 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability52.86 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+214.68330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-210.66430932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-247.20630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+223.49830932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitineCCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C3392.5Standard polar33892256
(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitineCCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C2593.0Standard non polar33892256
(6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitineCCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C2824.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 10V, Positive-QTOFNot Available2021-04-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 20V, Positive-QTOFNot Available2021-04-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 40V, Positive-QTOFNot Available2021-04-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0000900000-013b520638a6f6e841ef2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0079-9000500000-f8699786d83873f3e7b32021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (6Z,9Z)-Octadeca-6,9-dienoylcarnitine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-e9262cbaff8cb4ad0ba62021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Iacobazzi V, Pasquali M, Singh R, Matern D, Rinaldo P, Amat di San Filippo C, Palmieri F, Longo N: Response to therapy in carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency due to a novel missense mutation. Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Apr 15;126A(2):150-5. [PubMed:15057979 ]
  2. Blazenovic I, Kind T, Sa MR, Ji J, Vaniya A, Wancewicz B, Roberts BS, Torbasinovic H, Lee T, Mehta SS, Showalter MR, Song H, Kwok J, Jahn D, Kim J, Fiehn O: Structure Annotation of All Mass Spectra in Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem. 2019 Feb 5;91(3):2155-2162. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04698. Epub 2019 Jan 16. [PubMed:30608141 ]
  3. FRITZ IB: Action of carnitine on long chain fatty acid oxidation by liver. Am J Physiol. 1959 Aug;197:297-304. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.2.297. [PubMed:13825279 ]
  4. Reuter SE, Evans AM: Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Sep 1;51(9):553-72. doi: 10.1007/BF03261931. [PubMed:22804748 ]
  5. Bruce CR, Hoy AJ, Turner N, Watt MJ, Allen TL, Carpenter K, Cooney GJ, Febbraio MA, Kraegen EW: Overexpression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in skeletal muscle is sufficient to enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009 Mar;58(3):550-8. doi: 10.2337/db08-1078. Epub 2008 Dec 10. [PubMed:19073774 ]
  6. Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR: Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance? Diabetes. 2013 Jan;62(1):1-8. doi: 10.2337/db12-0466. [PubMed:23258903 ]
  7. Ahmad T, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW, Hellkamp AS, Fiuzat M, Testani JM, Wang TS, Verma A, Samsky MD, Donahue MP, Ilkayeva OR, Bowles DE, Patel CB, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Felker GM, O'Connor CM, Shah SH, Kraus WE: Prognostic Implications of Long-Chain Acylcarnitines in Heart Failure and Reversibility With Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jan 26;67(3):291-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.079. [PubMed:26796394 ]
  8. Hunter WG, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW 3rd, Khouri MG, Craig D, Haynes C, Ilkayeva O, Stevens RD, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, Velazquez EJ, Kraus WE, Shah SH: Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Differentially Elevated in Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence for Shared Metabolic Impairments in Clinical Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Jul 29;5(8). pii: JAHA.115.003190. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003190. [PubMed:27473038 ]
  9. Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Volska K, Kuka J, Makarova E, Antone U, Sevostjanovs E, Vilskersts R, Strods A, Tars K, Dambrova M: Long-chain acylcarnitines determine ischaemia/reperfusion-induced damage in heart mitochondria. Biochem J. 2016 May 1;473(9):1191-202. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20160164. Epub 2016 Mar 2. [PubMed:26936967 ]
  10. Shah SH, Sun JL, Stevens RD, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Pieper KS, Haynes C, Hauser ER, Kraus WE, Granger CB, Newgard CB, Califf RM, Newby LK: Baseline metabolomic profiles predict cardiovascular events in patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2012 May;163(5):844-850.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.02.005. [PubMed:22607863 ]
  11. Rizza S, Copetti M, Rossi C, Cianfarani MA, Zucchelli M, Luzi A, Pecchioli C, Porzio O, Di Cola G, Urbani A, Pellegrini F, Federici M: Metabolomics signature improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in elderly subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2014 Feb;232(2):260-4. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.029. Epub 2013 Nov 18. [PubMed:24468136 ]
  12. Chang KH, Cheng ML, Tang HY, Huang CY, Wu YR, Chen CM: Alternations of Metabolic Profile and Kynurenine Metabolism in the Plasma of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6319-6328. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0845-3. Epub 2018 Jan 2. [PubMed:29294246 ]
  13. Yu D, Zhou L, Xuan Q, Wang L, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G: Strategy for Comprehensive Identification of Acylcarnitines Based on Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2018 May 1;90(9):5712-5718. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05471. Epub 2018 Apr 20. [PubMed:29651844 ]
  14. Yan X, Markey SP, Marupaka R, Dong Q, Cooper BT, Mirokhin YA, Wallace WE, Stein SE: Mass Spectral Library of Acylcarnitines Derived from Human Urine. Anal Chem. 2020 May 5;92(9):6521-6528. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00129. Epub 2020 Apr 23. [PubMed:32271007 ]
  15. Zuniga A, Li L: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis of urinary acylcarnitines. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Mar 9;689(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.018. Epub 2011 Jan 18. [PubMed:21338760 ]
  16. Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schioth HB: Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev. 2022 Jul;74(3):506-551. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408. [PubMed:35710135 ]