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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 06:22:22 UTC
Update Date2021-10-01 19:45:54 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0249669
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCardenolide
DescriptionCardenolide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cardenolides and derivatives. These are steroid lactones containing a furan-2-one moiety linked to the C17 atom of a cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene derivative. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Cardenolide. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Cardenolide is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Cardenolide is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
CardenolidesMeSH
Chemical FormulaC23H34O2
Average Molecular Weight342.523
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight342.255880335
IUPAC Name4-{2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
Traditional Name4-{2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}-5H-furan-2-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC12CCC3C(CCC4CCCCC34C)C1CCC2C1=CC(=O)OC1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C23H34O2/c1-22-11-4-3-5-16(22)6-7-17-19-9-8-18(15-13-21(24)25-14-15)23(19,2)12-10-20(17)22/h13,16-20H,3-12,14H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyJIUWTCXNUNHEGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cardenolides and derivatives. These are steroid lactones containing a furan-2-one moiety linked to the C17 atom of a cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroid lactones
Direct ParentCardenolides and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cardanolide-skeleton
  • 2-furanone
  • Dihydrofuran
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Enoate ester
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP5.02ALOGPS
logP5.54ChemAxon
logS-6.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.22ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-6.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area26.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity100.52 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-216.65130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+192.58130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+189.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+186.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+191.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+192.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-193.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-193.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-194.432859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202224.1389 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20221.72 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid3413.0 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid748.7 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid286.2 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid345.7 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid693.7 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid994.9 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid1106.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)144.2 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1967.0 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid616.7 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2000.7 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid693.4 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid578.5 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate546.5 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA630.5 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water9.8 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
CardenolideCC12CCC3C(CCC4CCCCC34C)C1CCC2C1=CC(=O)OC13261.3Standard polar33892256
CardenolideCC12CCC3C(CCC4CCCCC34C)C1CCC2C1=CC(=O)OC12903.5Standard non polar33892256
CardenolideCC12CCC3C(CCC4CCCCC34C)C1CCC2C1=CC(=O)OC13232.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cardenolide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03fr-0359000000-5fdd1305126eb87bb6e22021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cardenolide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0029000000-03316286812b180617a52021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1795000000-c711e9396a34d3da20662021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052g-7931000000-6b988d13d633443d787a2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0009000000-65bfa238e8534a918ff32021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0019000000-e883943a7795f00e85512021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cardenolide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000l-0029000000-738f7538e52648df5c542021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00038702
Chemspider ID11358678
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCardenolide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound22340795
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Involved in the inactivation of the cardiac medication and plant natural product digoxin, thus decreasing drug efficacy and toxicity. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated butyrolactone ring of digoxin to the inactive metabolite dihydrodigoxin. Likely uses the cytochrome Cgr1 as the physiological electron donor, encoded by the adjacent gene in the locus. Only reduces digoxin and other cardenolide toxins, such as digitoxin, digoxigenin, ouabain and ouabagenin. Therefore is a specialized enzyme present in some gut bacteria E.lenta that protects their human host against ingested plant toxins.
Gene Name:
CGR2
Uniprot ID:
C8WLM1
Molecular weight:
59160.825