Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Predicted |
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Creation Date | 2021-09-21 23:18:20 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-10-01 16:54:19 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0301365 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA |
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Description | (5e,7z,11z,14z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5E_7Z_11Z_14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5_7_11_14-tetraenoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5e,7z,11z,14z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 20 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoA's are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5e,7z,11z,14z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5e,7z,11z,14z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA into (5E_7Z_11Z_14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5_7_11_14-tetraenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5E_7Z_11Z_14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5_7_11_14-tetraenoylcarnitine is converted back to (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ketone to release one molecule of acetyl-CoA and a new acyl-CoA which is now 2 carbons shorter. This four-step process repeats until (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA has had all its carbons removed from the chain, leaving only acetyl-CoA. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. The peroxisome handles beta oxidation of fatty acids that have more than 20 carbons in their chain because the peroxisome contains very-long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases and dehydrogenases. The heart primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early-stage heart muscle pump failure. Cellular acyl-CoA content also correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in energy metabolism on account of key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. The study of acyl-CoAs is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acyl-CoAs will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules. |
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Structure | CCCCCC=CCC=CCC(O)C=CC=CCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C41H66N7O18P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-12-15-18-29(49)19-16-13-11-14-17-20-32(51)70-24-23-43-31(50)21-22-44-39(54)36(53)41(2,3)26-63-69(60,61)66-68(58,59)62-25-30-35(65-67(55,56)57)34(52)40(64-30)48-28-47-33-37(42)45-27-46-38(33)48/h8-9,11-13,15-16,19,27-30,34-36,40,49,52-53H,4-7,10,14,17-18,20-26H2,1-3H3,(H,43,50)(H,44,54)(H,58,59)(H,60,61)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,55,56,57) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidate | HMDB | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidate | HMDB | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C41H66N7O18P3S |
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Average Molecular Weight | 1069.99 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1069.339790481 |
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IUPAC Name | {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-3-{[2-({2-[(9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid |
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Traditional Name | [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-3-{[2-({2-[(9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CCCCCC=CCC=CCC(O)C=CC=CCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C41H66N7O18P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-12-15-18-29(49)19-16-13-11-14-17-20-32(51)70-24-23-43-31(50)21-22-44-39(54)36(53)41(2,3)26-63-69(60,61)66-68(58,59)62-25-30-35(65-67(55,56)57)34(52)40(64-30)48-28-47-33-37(42)45-27-46-38(33)48/h8-9,11-13,15-16,19,27-30,34-36,40,49,52-53H,4-7,10,14,17-18,20-26H2,1-3H3,(H,43,50)(H,44,54)(H,58,59)(H,60,61)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,55,56,57) |
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InChI Key | BITSRPVCPQAHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acyl thioesters |
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Direct Parent | Long-chain fatty acyl CoAs |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Coenzyme a or derivatives
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
- Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Pentose phosphate
- N-glycosyl compound
- Glycosyl compound
- Beta amino acid or derivatives
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Organic pyrophosphate
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- 6-aminopurine
- Purine
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Aminopyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Alkyl phosphate
- Pyrimidine
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- N-substituted imidazole
- N-acyl-amine
- Monosaccharide
- Fatty amide
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Carbothioic s-ester
- Thiocarboxylic acid ester
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxamide group
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Oxacycle
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Sulfenyl compound
- Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | Not Available |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0uxr-9000000000-e3bb9fce9864581f75ba | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0v00-9001201200-44dfcdadd53e688bf47c | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00ou-9002501404-1cf710dc2443524b419d | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-9000000000-9b505652add44173e4fc | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0019-7200000119-3f61c8645535cad021fd | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (5E,7Z,11Z,14Z)-9-hydroxyicosa-5,7,11,14-tetraenoyl-CoA 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0001190000-c234943ed39398605977 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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