Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Predicted |
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Creation Date | 2021-09-21 23:25:14 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-10-01 16:54:20 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0301378 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA |
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Description | (13z,16z,19z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (13Z_16Z_19Z)-docosa-13_16_19-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (13z,16z,19z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 22 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoA's are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (13z,16z,19z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a very long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (13z,16z,19z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-coa, being a very long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for very long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA into (13Z_16Z_19Z)-docosa-13_16_19-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (13Z_16Z_19Z)-docosa-13_16_19-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA is a very long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ketone to release one molecule of acetyl-CoA and a new acyl-CoA which is now 2 carbons shorter. This four-step process repeats until (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA has had all its carbons removed from the chain, leaving only acetyl-CoA. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. The peroxisome handles beta oxidation of fatty acids that have more than 20 carbons in their chain because the peroxisome contains very-long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases and dehydrogenases. The heart primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early-stage heart muscle pump failure. Cellular acyl-CoA content also correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in energy metabolism on account of key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. The study of acyl-CoAs is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acyl-CoAs will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules. |
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Structure | CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C43H72N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-34(52)71-27-26-45-33(51)24-25-46-41(55)38(54)43(2,3)29-64-70(61,62)67-69(59,60)63-28-32-37(66-68(56,57)58)36(53)42(65-32)50-31-49-35-39(44)47-30-48-40(35)50/h5-6,8-9,11-12,30-32,36-38,42,53-54H,4,7,10,13-29H2,1-3H3,(H,45,51)(H,46,55)(H,59,60)(H,61,62)(H2,44,47,48)(H2,56,57,58) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-N-(2-{[2-(docosa-13,16,19-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanimidate | Generator | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-N-(2-{[2-(docosa-13,16,19-trienoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanimidate | Generator | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-N-(2-{[2-(docosa-13,16,19-trienoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid | Generator |
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Chemical Formula | C43H72N7O17P3S |
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Average Molecular Weight | 1084.06 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1083.391826054 |
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IUPAC Name | {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-[({[({3-[(2-{[2-(docosa-13,16,19-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid |
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Traditional Name | [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-{[({3-[(2-{[2-(docosa-13,16,19-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C43H72N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-34(52)71-27-26-45-33(51)24-25-46-41(55)38(54)43(2,3)29-64-70(61,62)67-69(59,60)63-28-32-37(66-68(56,57)58)36(53)42(65-32)50-31-49-35-39(44)47-30-48-40(35)50/h5-6,8-9,11-12,30-32,36-38,42,53-54H,4,7,10,13-29H2,1-3H3,(H,45,51)(H,46,55)(H,59,60)(H,61,62)(H2,44,47,48)(H2,56,57,58) |
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InChI Key | DQQAMGWQUZPGGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Classification | Not classified |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | Not Available |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-91bf0ad1c04c48143587 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kr-9500000204-4fef2be16cb81f9abdb0 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0100390000-65b7b3315ecc1b49c830 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-b73e35bac10e59c4d85c | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9001201300-e4b9497c4455ac79d39e | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-13,16,19-trienoyl-CoA 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9001200200-71df185c51f7d766cbbd | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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