| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-08-13 04:52:53 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:49 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0003791 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0006256
- HMDB0006778
- HMDB03791
- HMDB06256
- HMDB06778
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde |
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| Description | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a metabolite of the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of dopamine. Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules formed during the biotransformation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds, including biogenic amines. DOPAL generates a free radical and activates mitochondrial permeability transition, a mechanism implicated in neuron death. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compounds are neurotoxic, and it has been recently hypothesized that neurodegenerative disorders may be associated with increased levels of this biogenic aldehyde. It is possible to speculate that reduced detoxification of 3,4- dihydroxymandelaldehyde from impaired or deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase function may be a contributing factor in the suggested neurotoxicity of these compounds. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of NAD(P)+ -dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as those derived from catecholamines, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 19 aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in the human genome. Mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases. Several pharmaceutical agents and environmental toxins (i.e.: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) are also known to disrupt or inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase function. (PMID: 17379813 , 14697885 , 11164826 , 16956664 . |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,4-5,10-11H,3H2 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanal | ChEBI | | DOPAL | ChEBI | | Protocatechuatealdehyde | ChEBI | | DHPAA aldehyde | MeSH | | 3,4-Dihydroxy-benzeneacetaldehyde | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C8H8O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 152.1473 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 152.047344122 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde |
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| Traditional Name | dopal |
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| CAS Registry Number | 5707-55-1 |
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| SMILES | OC1=C(O)C=C(CC=O)C=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,4-5,10-11H,3H2 |
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| InChI Key | IADQVXRMSNIUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylacetaldehydes. Phenylacetaldehydes are compounds containing a phenylacetaldehyde moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an acetalydehyde. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Benzenoids |
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| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Phenylacetaldehydes |
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| Direct Parent | Phenylacetaldehydes |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Phenylacetaldehyde
- Catechol
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Alpha-hydrogen aldehyde
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aldehyde
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | 1.005 | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.51 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 10.026 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.25 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 41.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1043.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 319.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 111.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 189.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 83.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 459.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 384.2 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 160.0 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 747.9 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 313.5 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1001.8 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 233.0 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 267.3 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 550.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 305.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 194.7 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1O | 1621.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(CC=O)=CC=C1O | 1591.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 | 1907.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 1667.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 | 1872.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1851.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1895.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1924.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 1916.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1O | 1882.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(CC=O)=CC=C1O | 1851.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 | 2153.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2146.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 | 2358.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2324.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2621.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2571.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC=CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2259.1 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-3900000000-7f82d1d31cd24be9e865 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00e9-8390000000-bba6c4376314951fb5ee | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-19827d81a06a62c2b70a | 2015-05-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udr-2900000000-479d55c57638faa6d9cd | 2015-05-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udl-9400000000-cadc5e95515b4cecf1f7 | 2015-05-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-b0ef024b4e5895ddea08 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-2900000000-352f5ee2c302c824867e | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9500000000-96da2068f1ed3e30ae47 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0pb9-0900000000-588f3b3d236131a4fa7a | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-3900000000-d3765e83b72ff4e9c933 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-9100000000-63064bac00f3091d89c3 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0900000000-b75a7231958cf1fc53ec | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0900000000-ed865ca228b5007b7ed4 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9100000000-7cc4c0962b7233330b8c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| General References | - Florang VR, Rees JN, Brogden NK, Anderson DG, Hurley TD, Doorn JA: Inhibition of the oxidative metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a reactive intermediate of dopamine metabolism, by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Jan;28(1):76-82. Epub 2006 Aug 1. [PubMed:16956664 ]
- Marchitti SA, Deitrich RA, Vasiliou V: Neurotoxicity and metabolism of the catecholamine-derived 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Pharmacol Rev. 2007 Jun;59(2):125-50. Epub 2007 Mar 22. [PubMed:17379813 ]
- Burke WJ, Li SW, Chung HD, Ruggiero DA, Kristal BS, Johnson EM, Lampe P, Kumar VB, Franko M, Williams EA, Zahm DS: Neurotoxicity of MAO metabolites of catecholamine neurotransmitters: role in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology. 2004 Jan;25(1-2):101-15. [PubMed:14697885 ]
- Burke WJ, Li SW, Zahm DS, Macarthur H, Kolo LL, Westfall TC, Anwar M, Glickstein SB, Ruggiero DA: Catecholamine monoamine oxidase a metabolite in adrenergic neurons is cytotoxic in vivo. Brain Res. 2001 Feb 9;891(1-2):218-27. [PubMed:11164826 ]
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