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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:20:01 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000265
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006780
  • HMDB00265
  • HMDB06780
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLiothyronine
DescriptionLiothyronine is a T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone that is finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. Liothyronine is mildly toxic by ingestion and is an experimental teratogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx, I(-), and Cl(-) (Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC15H12I3NO4
Average Molecular Weight650.9735
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight650.790038137
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
Traditional Nameliothyronine
CAS Registry Number6893-02-3
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H12I3NO4/c16-9-6-8(1-2-13(9)20)23-14-10(17)3-7(4-11(14)18)5-12(19)15(21)22/h1-4,6,12,20H,5,19H2,(H,21,22)/t12-/m0/s1
InChI KeyAUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentPhenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • Diphenylether
  • Diaryl ether
  • 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Phenoxy compound
  • 2-iodophenol
  • 2-halophenol
  • Phenol ether
  • Iodobenzene
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Halobenzene
  • Phenol
  • Aralkylamine
  • Aryl iodide
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Amino acid
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organoiodide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos209.67730932474
[M+H]+Not Available209.8http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000488
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
  • Thyroid Gland
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0029 +/- 0.00019 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.002 +/- 0.0006 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000013 - 0.000028 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000038 - 0.0000060 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000031-0.0000077 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.0 - 1.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0011 +/- 0.00024 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothMalnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus) details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0014 +/- 0.0004 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleAnorexia nervosa details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00169 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000041 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleProprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.00075 +/- 0.00033 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothHyperthyroidism details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.000014 +/- 0.000015 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothHypothyroidism details
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Anorexia nervosa
  1. Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed:10197568 ]
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
  1. Hattori N, Ishihara T, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo K, Kurahachi H: A case of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to partial 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. Endocr J. 1993 Feb;40(1):107-9. [PubMed:7951484 ]
Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
  1. O'Rahilly S, Gray H, Humphreys PJ, Krook A, Polonsky KS, White A, Gibson S, Taylor K, Carr C: Brief report: impaired processing of prohormones associated with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis and adrenal function. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 23;333(21):1386-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199511233332104. [PubMed:7477119 ]
Hyperthyroidism
  1. Yoshida K, Sakurada T, Kaise N, Yamamoto M, Kaise K, Saito S, Yoshinaga K: Measurement of triiodothyronine in urine. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1980 Dec;132(4):389-95. [PubMed:7256725 ]
Hypothyroidism
  1. Yoshida K, Sakurada T, Kaise N, Yamamoto M, Kaise K, Saito S, Yoshinaga K: Measurement of triiodothyronine in urine. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1980 Dec;132(4):389-95. [PubMed:7256725 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 606788 (Anorexia nervosa)
  • 201810 (Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency)
  • 600955 (Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency)
DrugBank IDDB00279
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC02465
BioCyc IDCPD-10813
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTriiodothyronine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5920
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18258
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDTRIODTHY
MarkerDB IDMDB00000128
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceSalamonczyk, Grzegorz M.; Oza, Vibha B.; Sih, Charles J. A concise synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). Tetrahedron Letters (1997), 38(40), 6965-69
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:
Iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin to yield the thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4).
Gene Name:
TPO
Uniprot ID:
P07202
Molecular weight:
102961.63
Reactions
Iodotyrosine + 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine + Hydrogen peroxide → Liothyronine + 2-Aminoacrylic acid + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). Plays a role in providing a source of plasma T3 by deiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues such as liver and kidney.
Gene Name:
DIO1
Uniprot ID:
P49895
Molecular weight:
28924.21
Reactions
Liothyronine + I(-) + A + Hydrogen Ion → Thyroxine + AH(2)details
General function:
Involved in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine). Essential for providing the brain with appropriate levels of T3 during the critical period of development.
Gene Name:
DIO2
Uniprot ID:
Q92813
Molecular weight:
30551.48
Reactions
Liothyronine + I(-) + A + Hydrogen Ion → Thyroxine + AH(2)details
General function:
Involved in hormone activity
Specific function:
Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain
Gene Name:
TTR
Uniprot ID:
P02766
Molecular weight:
15886.9
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc
Gene Name:
ALB
Uniprot ID:
P02768
Molecular weight:
69365.9
General function:
Involved in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific function:
Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum
Gene Name:
SERPINA7
Uniprot ID:
P05543
Molecular weight:
46324.1
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine
Gene Name:
THRB
Uniprot ID:
P10828
Molecular weight:
52787.2
General function:
Involved in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into RT3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). RT3 and T2 are inactive metabolites. May play a role in preventing premature exposure of developing fetal tissues to adult levels of thyroid hormones. Can regulate circulating fetal thyroid hormone concentrations throughout gestation. Essential role for regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development.
Gene Name:
DIO3
Uniprot ID:
P55073
Molecular weight:
33947.175
Reactions
Liothyronine + I(-) + A + Hydrogen Ion → Thyroxine + AH(2)details
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. High affinity receptor for triiodothyronine
Gene Name:
THRA
Uniprot ID:
P10827
Molecular weight:
54815.1