Record Information |
---|
Version | 5.0 |
---|
Status | Detected and Quantified |
---|
Creation Date | 2006-08-13 00:44:39 UTC |
---|
Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:19 UTC |
---|
HMDB ID | HMDB0003573 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0014885
- HMDB03573
- HMDB14885
|
---|
Metabolite Identification |
---|
Common Name | Scopolamine |
---|
Description | Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). It is part of the secondary metabolites of plants. Scopolamine is used criminally as a date rape drug and as an aid to robbery, the most common act being the clandestine drugging of a victim's drink. It is preferred because it induces retrograde amnesia, or an inability to recall events prior to its administration. Victims of this crime are often admitted to a hospital in police custody, under the assumption that the patient is experiencing a psychotic episode. A telltale sign is a fever accompanied by a lack of sweat. An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic. |
---|
Structure | CN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
(-)-Hyoscine | ChEBI | (-)-Scopolamine | ChEBI | (1S,3S,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxytropan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | ChEBI | 6,7-Epoxytropine tropate | ChEBI | 6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | ChEBI | alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | ChEBI | Hyoscine | ChEBI | Scopine (-)-tropate | ChEBI | Transderm-scop | ChEBI | (1S,3S,5R,6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxytropan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid | Generator | 6,7-Epoxytropine tropic acid | Generator | 6-b,7-b-Epoxy-3-a-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | Generator | 6-b,7-b-Epoxy-3-a-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acid | Generator | 6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acid | Generator | 6-Β,7-β-epoxy-3-α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | Generator | 6-Β,7-β-epoxy-3-α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropic acid | Generator | a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | Generator | a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | Generator | alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | Generator | Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | Generator | Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo(3.3.1.0(2.4))non-7-yl ester | Generator | Scopine (-)-tropic acid | Generator | (+)-Hyoscine | HMDB | (+)-Scopolamine | HMDB | (-)-Hyoscine hydrobromide | HMDB | (-)-Scopolamine bromide | HMDB | (-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide | HMDB | Atrochin | HMDB | Atroquin | HMDB | Beldavrin | HMDB | Buscopan | HMDB | Epoxytropine tropate | HMDB | Euscopol | HMDB | Hydroscine hydrobromide | HMDB | Hyosceine | HMDB | Hyoscine bromide | HMDB | Hyoscine hydrobromide | HMDB | Hyoscyine hydrobromide | HMDB | Hyosol | HMDB | Hysco | HMDB | Isopto hyoscine | HMDB | Isoscopil | HMDB | Kwells | HMDB | L-Hyoscine hydrobromide | HMDB | L-Scopolamine-hydrobromide | HMDB | Methscopolamine bromide | HMDB | Oscine | HMDB | Pamine | HMDB | S-(-)-Tropate | HMDB | Scop | HMDB | Scopamin | HMDB | Scopine tropate | HMDB | Scopolamine bromide | HMDB | Scopolamine hydrobromide | HMDB | Scopolaminium bromide | HMDB | Scopolammonium bromide | HMDB | SEE | HMDB | Tranaxine | HMDB | Norhyoscine | HMDB | 6beta,7beta-Epoxy-3alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | PhytoBank | 6β,7β-Epoxy-3α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | PhytoBank | 9-Methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-ol (-)-tropate | PhytoBank | l-Scopolamine | PhytoBank | (-)-Atropine | PhytoBank | (-)-Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | (S)-(-)-Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | (S)-Atropine | PhytoBank | 1alphaH,5alphaH-Tropan-3alpha-yl (-)-tropate | PhytoBank | 1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-yl (-)-tropate | PhytoBank | Cystospaz | PhytoBank | Daturine | PhytoBank | Duboisine | PhytoBank | Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | L-Hyoscyamin | PhytoBank | l-Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | l-Atropine | PhytoBank | l-Tropine tropate | PhytoBank | (±)-Atropine | PhytoBank | (±)-Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | Atropin | PhytoBank | Atropine | PhytoBank | Atropinum sulfuricum | PhytoBank | Atropinum sulphuricum | PhytoBank | dl-Hyoscyamine | PhytoBank | Tropine (±)-tropate | PhytoBank | Tropine tropate | PhytoBank | dl-Tropyl tropate | PhytoBank |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C17H21NO4 |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 303.3529 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 303.147058165 |
---|
IUPAC Name | (1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,4}]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate |
---|
Traditional Name | (1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,4}]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 51-34-3 |
---|
SMILES | CN1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
---|
Class | Hydroxy acids and derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives |
---|
Direct Parent | Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Beta-hydroxy acid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Morpholine
- Oxazinane
- Piperidine
- N-alkylpyrrolidine
- Benzenoid
- Pyrrolidine
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Tertiary amine
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Dialkyl ether
- Oxirane
- Ether
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Primary alcohol
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Amine
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
Physiological effect | Not Available |
---|
Disposition | |
---|
Process | Not Available |
---|
Role | |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Molecular Properties | |
---|
Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross SectionsAdduct Type | Data Source | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
---|
[M+H]+ | CBM | 171.1 | 30932474 |
|
---|
Predicted Molecular Properties | |
---|
Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
---|
Spectra |
---|
| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (1 TMS) | splash10-0f7c-7900000000-28f924e821203772c1ad | 2018-05-25 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-4910000000-24c90e50ab88ad57e82c | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-4900000000-596180a39c76ec0fe1ae | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Scopolamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0009000000-9733effdc3262b114ed6 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0809000000-a686e4c768aedb57cf8e | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-1901000000-f66f538c7db471e86fd5 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-3900000000-5eedeba4bedea55de9ad | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udr-7900000000-1309364bbca3810a6afa | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine LC-ESI-IT , positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-1c1d2f52fb7a5d745e1e | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 90V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-9700000000-80887cb9e3f0d05c8bf5 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 90V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-9800000000-80887cb9e3f0d05c8bf5 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 75V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-6900000000-010e6e0ca9f0d9f3618b | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 60V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0f79-4900000000-a0695c5add6db92de8b2 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 45V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-2900000000-887570e409db5eca481c | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 60V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0f79-4900000000-5e1feadfe643a530d956 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 45V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-2900000000-9556767e32b410cf8d73 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 15V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0309000000-fda2d2422fa0a3b4172e | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 30V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0k9i-0903000000-cc938997b1c67e020c14 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0549000000-2102ba2525a572e05e74 | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0uk9-1952000000-23caf7102d633b0031b2 | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0hr0-4900000000-854ad2f78678cc2d4db3 | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0f6t-0904000000-0366209ad3f767f88736 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0f79-1900000000-bd791764fd2502fdc39d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-2910000000-c7c4ffc22c1425ab3dbd | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0f79-0955000000-64498c50c4e2afb15c32 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-1930000000-5d768d7bc9f10614fd97 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0lxt-4900000000-f39cfd7374383b7b1aaf | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Scopolamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0019000000-cc4ab81a673ee149c93e | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | 2018-05-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
|
---|
Biological Properties |
---|
Cellular Locations | |
---|
Biospecimen Locations | |
---|
Tissue Locations | - Adipose Tissue
- Brain
- Epidermis
- Neuron
|
---|
Pathways | |
---|
Normal Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.021 (0.00021-0.043) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
|
---|
Abnormal Concentrations |
---|
| Not Available |
---|
Predicted Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | 0.000 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities |
|
---|
Associated Disorders and Diseases |
---|
Disease References | None |
---|
Associated OMIM IDs | None |
---|
External Links |
---|
DrugBank ID | DB00747 |
---|
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
FooDB ID | FDB023199 |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | C00002292 |
---|
Chemspider ID | 10194106 |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | C01851 |
---|
BioCyc ID | SCOPOLAMINE |
---|
BiGG ID | Not Available |
---|
Wikipedia Link | Scopolamine |
---|
METLIN ID | 3433 |
---|
PubChem Compound | Not Available |
---|
PDB ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | 16794 |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
---|
Good Scents ID | rw1510091 |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Chemnitius, F. Method for the technical preparation of scopolamine. Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) (1928), 120 221-4. |
---|
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
---|
General References | - Lee HW, Park WS, Kim YW, Cho SH, Kim SS, Seo JH, Lee KT: A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive ion tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of cimetropium in human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. J Mass Spectrom. 2006 Jul;41(7):855-60. [PubMed:16810649 ]
- Blin J, Piercey MF, Giuffra ME, Mouradian MM, Chase TN: Metabolic effects of scopolamine and physostigmine in human brain measured by positron emission tomography. J Neurol Sci. 1994 May;123(1-2):44-51. [PubMed:8064320 ]
- Frey KA, Koeppe RA, Mulholland GK, Jewett D, Hichwa R, Ehrenkaufer RL, Carey JE, Wieland DM, Kuhl DE, Agranoff BW: In vivo muscarinic cholinergic receptor imaging in human brain with [11C]scopolamine and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992 Jan;12(1):147-54. [PubMed:1727135 ]
- Kranke P, Morin AM, Roewer N, Wulf H, Eberhart LH: The efficacy and safety of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jul;95(1):133-43, table of contents. [PubMed:12088957 ]
- Hagemann K, Piek K, Stockigt J, Weiler EW: Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of the tropane alkaloid, scopolamine. Planta Med. 1992 Feb;58(1):68-72. [PubMed:1620747 ]
- Boumba VA, Mitselou A, Vougiouklakis T: Fatal poisoning from ingestion of Datura stramonium seeds. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Apr;46(2):81-2. [PubMed:15080209 ]
- Rosier A, Cornette L, Orban GA: Scopolamine-induced impairment of delayed recognition of abstract visual shapes. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;37(2):98-103. [PubMed:9566275 ]
- Smith AM, Cadoret G, St-Amour D: Scopolamine increases prehensile force during object manipulation by reducing palmar sweating and decreasing skin friction. Exp Brain Res. 1997 May;114(3):578-83. [PubMed:9187293 ]
- Ebert U, Grossmann M, Oertel R, Gramatte T, Kirch W: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalogram effects of scopolamine in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;41(1):51-60. [PubMed:11144994 ]
- Renner UD, Oertel R, Kirch W: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Ther Drug Monit. 2005 Oct;27(5):655-65. [PubMed:16175141 ]
- Gordon C, Ben-Aryeh H, Attias J, Szargel R, Gutman D: Effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivation. J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;25(6):407-12. [PubMed:4056076 ]
- Fan Y, Hu J, Li J, Yang Z, Xin X, Wang J, Ding J, Geng M: Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Feb 21;374(3):222-6. Epub 2004 Dec 10. [PubMed:15663967 ]
- Stetina PM, Madai B, Kulemann V, Kirch W, Joukhadar C: Pharmacokinetics of scopolamine in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Mar;43(3):134-9. [PubMed:15792397 ]
- Schwarz RD, Callahan MJ, Coughenour LL, Dickerson MR, Kinsora JJ, Lipinski WJ, Raby CA, Spencer CJ, Tecle H: Milameline (CI-979/RU35926): a muscarinic receptor agonist with cognition-activating properties: biochemical and in vivo characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):812-22. [PubMed:10525104 ]
- Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Hendolin H, Tuomisto L: The effects of morphine, morphine plus scopolamine, midazolam and promethazine on cerebrospinal fluid histamine concentration and postoperative analgesic consumption. Agents Actions. 1991 May;33(1-2):212-4. [PubMed:1897441 ]
- Dreyfuss P, Vogel D, Walsh N: The use of transdermal scopolamine to control drooling. A case report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Aug;70(4):220-2. [PubMed:1878183 ]
- Putcha L, Cintron NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG: Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects. Pharm Res. 1989 Jun;6(6):481-5. [PubMed:2762223 ]
|
---|