Record Information |
---|
Version | 5.0 |
---|
Status | Expected but not Quantified |
---|
Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:39:14 UTC |
---|
Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:52:42 UTC |
---|
HMDB ID | HMDB0030822 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | |
---|
Metabolite Identification |
---|
Common Name | (-)-Epiafzelechin |
---|
Description | (-)-Epiafzelechin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavan-3-ols. These are flavans that bear and hydroxyl group at position 3 (B ring), but not at position 4. Thus, (-)-epiafzelechin is considered to be a flavonoid (-)-Epiafzelechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as teas (Camellia sinensis), red tea, and herbal tea and in a lower concentration in green tea and black tea (-)-Epiafzelechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as hibiscus teas (Hibiscus sabbariffa), green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum), muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia), white mustards (Sinapis alba), and black plums (Syzygium cumini). This could make (-)-epiafzelechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods (-)-Epiafzelechin is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on (-)-Epiafzelechin. |
---|
Structure | O[C@@H]1CC2=C(O[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C=C(O)C=C2O InChI=1S/C15H14O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)15-13(19)7-11-12(18)5-10(17)6-14(11)20-15/h1-6,13,15-19H,7H2/t13-,15-/m1/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
(2R,3R)-Epiafzelechin | ChEBI | Epi-afzelechin | ChEBI | Epiafzelechin | MeSH |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C15H14O5 |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 274.2687 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 274.084123558 |
---|
IUPAC Name | (2R,3R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol |
---|
Traditional Name | epiafzelechin |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 24808-04-6 |
---|
SMILES | O[C@@H]1CC2=C(O[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C=C(O)C=C2O |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H14O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)15-13(19)7-11-12(18)5-10(17)6-14(11)20-15/h1-6,13,15-19H,7H2/t13-,15-/m1/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | RSYUFYQTACJFML-UKRRQHHQSA-N |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavan-3-ols. These are flavans that bear and hydroxyl group at position 3 (B ring), but not at position 4. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
---|
Class | Flavonoids |
---|
Sub Class | Flavans |
---|
Direct Parent | Flavan-3-ols |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - 3-hydroxyflavonoid
- 4'-hydroxyflavonoid
- 5-hydroxyflavonoid
- 7-hydroxyflavonoid
- Flavan-3-ol
- Hydroxyflavonoid
- 1-benzopyran
- Chromane
- Benzopyran
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Phenol
- Benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Secondary alcohol
- Polyol
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Ether
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
Not Available | Not Available |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Molecular Properties | |
---|
Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
---|
Predicted Molecular Properties | |
---|
Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
---|
(-)-Epiafzelechin,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 | 2832.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 2865.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=C2C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC2=C1 | 2866.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TMS,isomer #4 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)O2 | 2850.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)O2 | 2821.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=C2C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC2=C1 | 2825.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 | 2813.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #4 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 2788.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #5 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 2780.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TMS,isomer #6 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC2=C(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)O2)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2798.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC2=C(C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)O2)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2700.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 | 2702.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 | 2674.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TMS,isomer #4 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 2776.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,4TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 | 2742.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 | 3130.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 3142.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=C2C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC2=C1 | 3135.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,1TBDMS,isomer #4 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)O2 | 3108.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=CC2=C1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)O2 | 3352.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(O)=C2C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC2=C1 | 3343.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 | 3361.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #4 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 3356.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #5 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 3325.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,2TBDMS,isomer #6 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC2=C(C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)O2)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 3311.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC2=C(C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)O2)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 3414.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 | 3458.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 | 3442.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,3TBDMS,isomer #4 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O)C=C1 | 3527.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | (-)-Epiafzelechin,4TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC3=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C3C[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 | 3621.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
|
---|
Spectra |
---|
| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4i-1970000000-97a69c7a45c624cc5456 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-002b-3700890000-ad3a8c90f22f6dcef7bc | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-004r-0690000000-4da2a1e1b8ae2d109c32 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-004r-0690000000-3dda57eb8519237ff1d3 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-004r-0690000000-90138410b48eec3cdf8b | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-197f43a10026114cf6e7 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a59-0910000000-4f271083ff1af2b4a646 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0930000000-fd8af365cba78f21a442 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0490000000-d1cb482bc9fba5c1c77c | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-0931dca1f9eede095b91 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000j-0910000000-62c438a216915a5cb1cc | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-f191f6a8bfb1fdd83316 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0490000000-102c0099b32eb6cf1c1b | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0920000000-16e90c91e06078017d08 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05fr-4900000000-1aa083295b52d9560bf8 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0190000000-3f6f215ea99c3e0e4777 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0079-0940000000-10a1d2bf91d220a561c9 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a6r-3910000000-d6da6b34ec8094f8de55 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0190000000-481c391516faccc36069 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-05g0-0970000000-dcc4eab79179a249d464 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-009f-4940000000-776437a8382970f7d1c2 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-5b1317024b148033f6f6 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004r-0970000000-43adfba1cc7d810c20a9 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (-)-Epiafzelechin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4r-2920000000-8465db94f8820d798074 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
|
---|
Biological Properties |
---|
Cellular Locations | |
---|
Biospecimen Locations | Not Available |
---|
Tissue Locations | Not Available |
---|
Pathways | |
---|
Normal Concentrations |
---|
| Not Available |
---|
Abnormal Concentrations |
---|
| Not Available |
---|
Associated Disorders and Diseases |
---|
Disease References | None |
---|
Associated OMIM IDs | None |
---|
External Links |
---|
DrugBank ID | Not Available |
---|
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
FooDB ID | FDB002778 |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | C00008805 |
---|
Chemspider ID | 391781 |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | C12128 |
---|
BioCyc ID | CPD-10413 |
---|
BiGG ID | Not Available |
---|
Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
---|
METLIN ID | Not Available |
---|
PubChem Compound | 443639 |
---|
PDB ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | 31028 |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
---|
Good Scents ID | rw1388821 |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
---|
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
---|
General References | - Pesca MS, Dal Piaz F, Sanogo R, Vassallo A, Bruzual de Abreu M, Rapisarda A, Germano MP, Certo G, De Falco S, De Tommasi N, Braca A: Bioassay-guided isolation of proanthocyanidins with antiangiogenic activities. J Nat Prod. 2013 Jan 25;76(1):29-35. doi: 10.1021/np300614u. Epub 2012 Dec 26. [PubMed:23268742 ]
- Xu X, Xie H, Wang Y, Wei X: A-type proanthocyanidins from lychee seeds and their antioxidant and antiviral activities. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Nov 24;58(22):11667-72. doi: 10.1021/jf1033202. Epub 2010 Oct 22. [PubMed:20964424 ]
- Bicker J, Petereit F, Hensel A: Proanthocyanidins and a phloroglucinol derivative from Rumex acetosa L. Fitoterapia. 2009 Dec;80(8):483-95. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.015. Epub 2009 Aug 18. [PubMed:19695312 ]
- Zhang HM, Wang CF, Shen SM, Wang GL, Liu P, Liu ZM, Wang YY, Du SS, Liu ZL, Deng ZW: Antioxidant phenolic compounds from Pu-erh tea. Molecules. 2012 Nov 27;17(12):14037-45. doi: 10.3390/molecules171214037. [PubMed:23187287 ]
- Yano T, Ohmori K, Takahashi H, Kusumi T, Suzuki K: Unified approach to catechin hetero-oligomers: first total synthesis of trimer EZ-EG-CA isolated from Ziziphus jujuba. Org Biomol Chem. 2012 Oct 14;10(38):7685-8. doi: 10.1039/c2ob26337h. [PubMed:22930202 ]
- Savitri Kumar N, Maduwantha B Wijekoon WM, Kumar V, Nimal Punyasiri PA, Sarath B Abeysinghe I: Separation of proanthocyanidins isolated from tea leaves using high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2009 May 8;1216(19):4295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.025. Epub 2008 Dec 24. [PubMed:19136115 ]
- Kpegba K, Agbonon A, Petrovic AG, Amouzou E, Gbeassor M, Proni G, Nesnas N: Epiafzelechin from the root bark of Cassia sieberiana: detection by DART mass spectrometry, spectroscopic characterization, and antioxidant properties. J Nat Prod. 2011 Mar 25;74(3):455-9. doi: 10.1021/np100090e. Epub 2010 Nov 11. [PubMed:21070009 ]
- Seccon A, Rosa DW, Freitas RA, Biavatti MW, Creczynski-Pasa TB: Antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity of extracts and isolated compounds from Araucaria angustifolia dead bark. Redox Rep. 2010;15(6):234-42. doi: 10.1179/135100010X12826446921789. [PubMed:21208522 ]
- Su J, Wu Z, Shen Y, Liu R, Zhang C, Li H, Zhang W: Flavonoids from Daphne giraldii Nitsche. Nat Prod Res. 2008;22(15):1355-8. doi: 10.1080/14786410701768196. [PubMed:19023794 ]
- Liang YH, Ye M, Yang WZ, Qiao X, Wang Q, Yang HJ, Wang XL, Guo DA: Flavan-3-ols from the rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei. Phytochemistry. 2011 Oct;72(14-15):1876-82. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.05.011. Epub 2011 Jul 5. [PubMed:21737107 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
|
---|