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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 18:53:48 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:53:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034103
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB34103
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTomatine
DescriptionTomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731 ). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993 ).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143 ). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining norma
Structure
Data?1563862511
Synonyms
ValueSource
A''-tomatidineHMDB
a-TomatineHMDB
alpha -TomatineHMDB
alpha-TomatineHMDB
LycopersicinHMDB
Tomatidine, glycosideHMDB
TomatinHMDB
TomatineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC50H83NO21
Average Molecular Weight1034.1881
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1033.545758723
IUPAC Name2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Registry Number17406-45-0
SMILES
CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC2OC(CO)C(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(OC4OCC(O)C(O)C4O)C3OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C3O)C(O)C2O)OC11CCC(C)CN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C50H83NO21/c1-20-7-12-50(51-15-20)21(2)32-28(72-50)14-26-24-6-5-22-13-23(8-10-48(22,3)25(24)9-11-49(26,32)4)65-45-40(63)37(60)41(31(18-54)68-45)69-47-43(71-46-39(62)36(59)34(57)29(16-52)66-46)42(35(58)30(17-53)67-47)70-44-38(61)33(56)27(55)19-64-44/h20-47,51-63H,5-19H2,1-4H3
InChI KeyREJLGAUYTKNVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steroidal saponins. These are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroidal glycosides
Direct ParentSteroidal saponins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Steroidal saponin
  • Diterpene glycoside
  • Spirosolane skeleton
  • Oligosaccharide
  • Diterpenoid
  • Steroidal alkaloid
  • Azasteroid
  • Terpene glycoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Azaspirodecane
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Oxane
  • Piperidine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiaminal
  • Polyol
  • Secondary amine
  • Acetal
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point263 - 267 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.71 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.14ALOGPS
logP-1.4ChemAxon
logS-2.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.78ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count22ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count13ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area337.86 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count11ChemAxon
Refractivity244.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability110.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings10ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-345.25230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+319.2730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+298.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+298.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+297.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+297.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-281.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-288.232859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-294.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 6V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-2d0e0cccacc5de1c1d982021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0gb9-5204670292-fefb24de6d82cf624d9e2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0214950550-746c6066dceba3c1c1f42015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014r-2307930620-f9c49ce8d08133042e042015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03fr-9602540041-49730afc04a87b1ba5562015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03fr-5901730121-29848bddc6af802971d02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03fr-4902610100-a4eb02a2dcccce405c802015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000200010-0880a3964aaaa89784552021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ls-6309310021-87a1da82a62eb8f896242021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-5232900013-40916e3761a4a30c788b2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000010001-553f7d4162d435d3da112021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a59-9100000028-2c472296ac894f5854a72021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-9002210314-69b0c89546960ad0f26d2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012367
KNApSAcK IDC00002268
Chemspider ID5312
KEGG Compound IDC10827
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTomatine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5513
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID9630
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Friedman M, Levin CE, Lee SU, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Byun JO, Kozukue N: Tomatine-containing green tomato extracts inhibit growth of human breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 8;57(13):5727-33. doi: 10.1021/jf900364j. [PubMed:19514731 ]
  2. Seipke RF, Loria R: Streptomyces scabies 87-22 possesses a functional tomatinase. J Bacteriol. 2008 Dec;190(23):7684-92. doi: 10.1128/JB.01010-08. Epub 2008 Oct 3. [PubMed:18835993 ]
  3. Cayen MN: Effect of dietary tomatine on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. J Lipid Res. 1971 Jul;12(4):482-90. [PubMed:4362143 ]
  4. Friedman M, Fitch TE, Yokoyama WE: Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Jul;38(7):549-53. [PubMed:10942315 ]
  5. Morrow WJ, Yang YW, Sheikh NA: Immunobiology of the Tomatine adjuvant. Vaccine. 2004 Jun 23;22(19):2380-4. [PubMed:15193398 ]
  6. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  7. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  8. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  9. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  10. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  11. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.