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Showing metabocard for Butyl pentanoate (HMDB0040295)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-12 01:49:43 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:28:08 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0040295
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB40295
Metabolite Identification
Common NameButyl pentanoate
DescriptionButyl pentanoate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Butyl pentanoate.
Structure
Data?1677000487
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

  Mrv0541 05061311442D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.6336   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0638   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3480   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3493   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0625   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.6349   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7770   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9204   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4914   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4914   -1.5395    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2059   -0.3020    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  3  1  1  0  0  0  0
  4  2  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  1  0  0  0  0
  7  5  1  0  0  0  0
  8  6  1  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
 10  9  2  0  0  0  0
 11  8  1  0  0  0  0
 11  9  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

HMDB0040295
     RDKit          3D
Butyl pentanoate
 29 28  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -4.8029    1.0646    0.3692 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9764   -0.1598    0.0652 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5547    0.2405   -0.2525 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7511   -0.9925   -0.5535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4174   -0.7249   -0.8591 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4404   -0.1012    0.0204 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0151    0.2430    1.1426 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8350    0.1447   -0.3814 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7537   -0.9071    0.2019 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1706   -0.5988   -0.2464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.5307    0.7653    0.2649 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.8723    0.9137    0.0806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4193    1.9529   -0.1991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.7334    1.3139    1.4408 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4434   -0.7183   -0.7663 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0376   -0.8156    0.9596 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5967    0.8518   -1.1838 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1535    0.8725    0.5403 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2207   -1.4689   -1.4551 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8608   -1.7664    0.2554 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9768    0.2174   -1.4689 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1674    1.1334    0.0372 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7285   -0.8643    1.3023 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4061   -1.8838   -0.1863 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8787   -1.3907    0.0594 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1422   -0.5874   -1.3743 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.6318    0.8355    0.3688 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1148    1.5174   -0.4301 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0484    0.9131    1.2558 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  2 15  1  0
  2 16  1  0
  3 17  1  0
  3 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  4 20  1  0
  8 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  9 23  1  0
  9 24  1  0
 10 25  1  0
 10 26  1  0
 11 27  1  0
 11 28  1  0
 11 29  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

  Mrv0541 05061311442D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.6336   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0638   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3480   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3493   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0625   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.6349   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7770   -0.3020    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9204   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4914   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4914   -1.5395    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2059   -0.3020    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  3  1  1  0  0  0  0
  4  2  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  1  0  0  0  0
  7  5  1  0  0  0  0
  8  6  1  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
 10  9  2  0  0  0  0
 11  8  1  0  0  0  0
 11  9  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0040295

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CCCCOC(=O)CCCC

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-3-5-7-9(10)11-8-6-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3

> <INCHI_KEY>
OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C9H18O2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
158.238

> <EXACT_MASS>
158.13067982

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
19.567764115027373

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
butyl pentanoate

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
3.24

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
2.836120533333333

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-2.58

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-7.032725800980355

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
26.3

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
45.115300000000005

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
7

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
4.12e-01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
pentanoic acid, butyl ester

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

HMDB0040295
     RDKit          3D
Butyl pentanoate
 29 28  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -4.8029    1.0646    0.3692 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9764   -0.1598    0.0652 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5547    0.2405   -0.2525 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7511   -0.9925   -0.5535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4174   -0.7249   -0.8591 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4404   -0.1012    0.0204 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0151    0.2430    1.1426 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8350    0.1447   -0.3814 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7537   -0.9071    0.2019 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1706   -0.5988   -0.2464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.5307    0.7653    0.2649 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.8723    0.9137    0.0806 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4193    1.9529   -0.1991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.7334    1.3139    1.4408 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4434   -0.7183   -0.7663 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0376   -0.8156    0.9596 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5967    0.8518   -1.1838 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1535    0.8725    0.5403 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2207   -1.4689   -1.4551 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8608   -1.7664    0.2554 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9768    0.2174   -1.4689 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1674    1.1334    0.0372 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7285   -0.8643    1.3023 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4061   -1.8838   -0.1863 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8787   -1.3907    0.0594 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1422   -0.5874   -1.3743 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.6318    0.8355    0.3688 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1148    1.5174   -0.4301 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0484    0.9131    1.2558 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  2 15  1  0
  2 16  1  0
  3 17  1  0
  3 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  4 20  1  0
  8 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  9 23  1  0
  9 24  1  0
 10 25  1  0
 10 26  1  0
 11 27  1  0
 11 28  1  0
 11 29  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 06-MAY-13   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   06-MAY-13         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       1.183  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      13.186  -0.564   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.516  -0.564   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      11.852  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       3.850  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      10.518  -0.564   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       5.184  -0.564   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       9.185  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       6.517  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       6.517  -2.874   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0       7.851  -0.564   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    3                                                            
CONECT    2    4                                                            
CONECT    3    1    5                                                       
CONECT    4    2    6                                                       
CONECT    5    3    7                                                       
CONECT    6    4    8                                                       
CONECT    7    5    9                                                       
CONECT    8    6   11                                                       
CONECT    9    7   10   11                                                  
CONECT   10    9                                                            
CONECT   11    8    9                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   11    0   20    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

COMPND    HMDB0040295
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -4.803   1.065   0.369  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -3.976  -0.160   0.065  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -2.555   0.240  -0.253  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -1.751  -0.992  -0.554  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  O1  UNL     1      -0.417  -0.725  -0.859  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    6  C5  UNL     1       0.440  -0.101   0.020  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O2  UNL     1       0.015   0.243   1.143  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       1.835   0.145  -0.381  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C7  UNL     1       2.754  -0.907   0.202  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C8  UNL     1       4.171  -0.599  -0.246  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  C9  UNL     1       4.531   0.765   0.265  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  H1  UNL     1      -5.872   0.914   0.081  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H2  UNL     1      -4.419   1.953  -0.199  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H3  UNL     1      -4.733   1.314   1.441  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H4  UNL     1      -4.443  -0.718  -0.766  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H5  UNL     1      -4.038  -0.816   0.960  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H6  UNL     1      -2.597   0.852  -1.184  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H7  UNL     1      -2.153   0.873   0.540  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H8  UNL     1      -2.221  -1.469  -1.455  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H9  UNL     1      -1.861  -1.766   0.255  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H10 UNL     1       1.977   0.217  -1.469  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H11 UNL     1       2.167   1.133   0.037  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H12 UNL     1       2.728  -0.864   1.302  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H13 UNL     1       2.406  -1.884  -0.186  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H14 UNL     1       4.879  -1.391   0.059  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H15 UNL     1       4.142  -0.587  -1.374  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   27  H16 UNL     1       5.632   0.835   0.369  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H17 UNL     1       4.115   1.517  -0.430  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H18 UNL     1       4.048   0.913   1.256  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   12   13   14
CONECT    2    3   15   16
CONECT    3    4   17   18
CONECT    4    5   19   20
CONECT    5    6
CONECT    6    7    7    8
CONECT    8    9   21   22
CONECT    9   10   23   24
CONECT   10   11   25   26
CONECT   11   27   28   29
END
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SMILES for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

CCCCOC(=O)CCCC
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INCHI for HMDB0040295 (Butyl pentanoate)

InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-3-5-7-9(10)11-8-6-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
Butyl pentanoic acidGenerator
Butyl valerateHMDB
Butyl valerianateHMDB
FEMA 2217HMDB
N-Butyl pentanoateHMDB
N-Butyl valerateHMDB
Pentanoic acid, butyl esterHMDB
Valeric acid, butyl esterHMDB
Chemical FormulaC9H18O2
Average Molecular Weight158.238
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight158.13067982
IUPAC Namebutyl pentanoate
Traditional Namepentanoic acid, butyl ester
CAS Registry Number591-68-4
SMILES
CCCCOC(=O)CCCC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-3-5-7-9(10)11-8-6-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyOKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acid esters
Direct ParentFatty acid esters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Fatty acid ester
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point-92.8 °CNot Available
Boiling Point185.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP3.333 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Diarrhea-predominant IBS		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  1. Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [PubMed:23516449 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB020017
KNApSAcK IDC00054025
Chemspider ID55084
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound61137
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1014011
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.