Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:44 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-10-24 19:44:10 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002250 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0062713
- HMDB02250
- HMDB62713
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Dodecanoylcarnitine |
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Description | Dodecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodecanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review (PMID: 35710135 ), acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Dodecanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine Dodecanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494 ). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular Dodecanoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 9034211 ), Yin deficiency (PMID: 31909891 ), multiple acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 30510944 ), CVD in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 32431666 ), and diastolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610 ). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with Celiac disease (PMID: 16425363 ), psoriasis (PMID: 28695330 ), intracerebral hemorrhage (PMID: 29265114 ), and pregnancy (PMID: 24704061 - in serum of pregnant women with fetus with CHD). Dodecanoylcarnitine is elevated in the urine of individuals with renal cell carcinoma (PMID: 29658093 ). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279 ). Dodecanoylcarnitine is also present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (PMID: 12828998 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available (PMID: 35710135 ). |
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Structure | CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C InChI=1S/C19H37NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-19(23)24-17(15-18(21)22)16-20(2,3)4/h17H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(-)-Lauroylcarnitine | ChEBI | (3R)-3-(Dodecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate | ChEBI | (R)-Dodecanoylcarnitine | ChEBI | Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine | ChEBI | L-Carnitine dodecanoyl ester | ChEBI | Lauroyl-L(-)-carnitin | ChEBI | Lauroyl-L-carnitine | ChEBI | Lauroylcarnitine | ChEBI | Laurylcarnitine | ChEBI | O-C12:0-L-Carnitine | ChEBI | O-Dodecanoyl-R-carnitine | ChEBI | (3R)-3-(Dodecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid | Generator | C12 Carnitine | HMDB | L-Lauroylcarnitine | HMDB | Lauroyl-L(-)-carnitine | HMDB | Dodecanoylcarnitine | HMDB | O-Dodecanoylcarnitine | ChEBI, HMDB | O-Lauroylcarnitine | ChEBI, HMDB | O-Lauroyl-L-carnitine | ChEBI, HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C19H38NO4 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 344.515 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 344.279535128 |
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IUPAC Name | (3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate |
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Traditional Name | lauroyl-L(-)-carnitin |
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CAS Registry Number | 25518-54-1 |
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SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(O)=O)C[N+](C)(C)C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C19H37NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-19(23)24-17(15-18(21)22)16-20(2,3)4/h17H,5-16H2,1-4H3/p+1/t17-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | FUJLYHJROOYKRA-QGZVFWFLSA-O |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acid esters |
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Direct Parent | Acyl carnitines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Acyl-carnitine
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Tetraalkylammonium salt
- Quaternary ammonium salt
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Carboxylic acid salt
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic salt
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Not Available | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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DeepCCS | [M+H]+ | 197.583 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-H]- | 193.666 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 230.106 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 206.398 | 30932474 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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Disease References | Celiac disease |
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- Bene J, Komlosi K, Gasztonyi B, Juhasz M, Tulassay Z, Melegh B: Plasma carnitine ester profile in adult celiac disease patients maintained on long-term gluten free diet. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov 14;11(42):6671-5. [PubMed:16425363 ]
| Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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- Costa CG, Struys EA, Bootsma A, ten Brink HJ, Dorland L, Tavares de Almeida I, Duran M, Jakobs C: Quantitative analysis of plasma acylcarnitines using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass fragmentography. J Lipid Res. 1997 Jan;38(1):173-82. [PubMed:9034211 ]
| Pregnancy |
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- Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
| Obesity |
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- Simone Wahl, Christina Holzapfel, Zhonghao Yu, Michaela Breier, Ivan Kondofersky, Christiane Fuchs, Paula Singmann, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Harald Grallert, Thomas Illig, Rui Wang-Sattler, Thomas Reinehr (2013). Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children. Metabolomics.
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General References | - Ferdinandusse S, Mulders J, IJlst L, Denis S, Dacremont G, Waterham HR, Wanders RJ: Molecular cloning and expression of human carnitine octanoyltransferase: evidence for its role in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Sep 16;263(1):213-8. [PubMed:10486279 ]
- Moder M, Kiessling A, Loster H, Bruggemann L: The pattern of urinary acylcarnitines determined by electrospray mass spectrometry: a new tool in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Jan;375(2):200-10. Epub 2003 Jan 4. [PubMed:12560963 ]
- Bene J, Komlosi K, Gasztonyi B, Juhasz M, Tulassay Z, Melegh B: Plasma carnitine ester profile in adult celiac disease patients maintained on long-term gluten free diet. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov 14;11(42):6671-5. [PubMed:16425363 ]
- Shigematsu Y, Hirano S, Hata I, Tanaka Y, Sudo M, Tajima T, Sakura N, Yamaguchi S, Takayanagi M: Selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry: difficulties in practical discrimination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):63-72. [PubMed:12828998 ]
- Morrow RJ, Rose ME: Isolation of acylcarnitines from urine: a comparison of methods and application to long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 1992 Oct 15;211(1-2):73-81. [PubMed:1468155 ]
- Vianey-Saban C, Divry P, Brivet M, Nada M, Zabot MT, Mathieu M, Roe C: Mitochondrial very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: clinical characteristics and diagnostic considerations in 30 patients. Clin Chim Acta. 1998 Jan 12;269(1):43-62. [PubMed:9498103 ]
- Costa CG, Struys EA, Bootsma A, ten Brink HJ, Dorland L, Tavares de Almeida I, Duran M, Jakobs C: Quantitative analysis of plasma acylcarnitines using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass fragmentography. J Lipid Res. 1997 Jan;38(1):173-82. [PubMed:9034211 ]
- Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
- Zordoky BN, Sung MM, Ezekowitz J, Mandal R, Han B, Bjorndahl TC, Bouatra S, Anderson T, Oudit GY, Wishart DS, Dyck JR: Metabolomic fingerprint of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS One. 2015 May 26;10(5):e0124844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124844. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26010610 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
- FRITZ IB: Action of carnitine on long chain fatty acid oxidation by liver. Am J Physiol. 1959 Aug;197:297-304. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.2.297. [PubMed:13825279 ]
- Violante S, Achetib N, van Roermund CWT, Hagen J, Dodatko T, Vaz FM, Waterham HR, Chen H, Baes M, Yu C, Argmann CA, Houten SM: Peroxisomes can oxidize medium- and long-chain fatty acids through a pathway involving ABCD3 and HSD17B4. FASEB J. 2019 Mar;33(3):4355-4364. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801498R. Epub 2018 Dec 12. [PubMed:30540494 ]
- Zhang X, Li Y, Liang Y, Sun P, Wu X, Song J, Sun X, Hong M, Gao P, Deng D: Distinguishing Intracerebral Hemorrhage from Acute Cerebral Infarction through Metabolomics. Rev Invest Clin. 2017 Nov-Dec;69(6):319-328. doi: 10.24875/RIC.17002348. [PubMed:29265114 ]
- Niziol J, Bonifay V, Ossolinski K, Ossolinski T, Ossolinska A, Sunner J, Beech I, Arendowski A, Ruman T: Metabolomic study of human tissue and urine in clear cell renal carcinoma by LC-HRMS and PLS-DA. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Jun;410(16):3859-3869. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1059-x. Epub 2018 Apr 16. [PubMed:29658093 ]
- Zhao S, Feng XF, Huang T, Luo HH, Chen JX, Zeng J, Gu M, Li J, Sun XY, Sun D, Yang X, Fang ZZ, Cao YF: The Association Between Acylcarnitine Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 May 5;11:212. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00212. eCollection 2020. [PubMed:32431666 ]
- Ottas A, Fishman D, Okas TL, Kingo K, Soomets U: The metabolic analysis of psoriasis identifies the associated metabolites while providing computational models for the monitoring of the disease. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017 Sep;309(7):519-528. doi: 10.1007/s00403-017-1760-1. Epub 2017 Jul 10. [PubMed:28695330 ]
- Saral NY, Aksungar FB, Aktuglu-Zeybek C, Coskun J, Demirelce O, Serteser M: Glutaric acidemia type II patient with thalassemia minor and novel electron transfer flavoprotein-A gene mutations: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2018 Nov 26;6(14):786-790. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.786. [PubMed:30510944 ]
- Yi WJ, Chen J, Li ZB, Jiang TT, Bi DQ, Liu CM, Yang S, Hu YT, Gan L, Tu HH, Huang H, Li JC: Screening of potential biomarkers for Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome based on UHPLC-MS method and the mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang granule therapeutic effect. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020 Aug;303(8):2095-2108. doi: 10.1002/ar.24352. Epub 2020 Jan 7. [PubMed:31909891 ]
- Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schioth HB: Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev. 2022 Jul;74(3):506-551. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408. [PubMed:35710135 ]
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