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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 19:11:23 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:24:11 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034365
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0062764
  • HMDB34365
  • HMDB62764
Metabolite Identification
Common NameL-Theanine
DescriptionL-Theanine, also known as L-gamma-glutamylethylamide or N-gamma-ethyl-L-glutamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as glutamine and derivatives. These compounds contain glutamine or a derivative thereof resulting from a reaction of glutamine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-Theanine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-Theanine can be found in saliva. The regulatory status of theanine varies by country. In Japan, L-theanine has been approved for use in all foods, including herb teas, soft drinks, and desserts. Restrictions apply to infant foods. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and allows its sale as a dietary supplement. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, an agency of their Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, objects to the addition of L-theanine to beverages. The European Food Safety Authority EFSA advised negatively on health claims related to L-theanine and cognitive function, alleviation of psychological stress, maintenance of normal sleep, and reduction of menstrual discomfort. Therefore, health claims for L-theanine are prohibited in the European Union (Wikipedia ). L-Theanine is found in mushrooms and is a constituent of tea (Thea sinensis) and of the fungus Imleria badia. L-Theanine has been shown to exhibit neuroprotectant and neuroprotective functions (PMID: 20416364 , 20416364 ).
Structure
Data?1677000251
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC7H14N2O3
Average Molecular Weight174.1977
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight174.100442324
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-(ethylcarbamoyl)butanoic acid
Traditional Nametheanine
CAS Registry Number3081-61-6
SMILES
[H][C@](N)(CCC(O)=NCC)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H14N2O3/c1-2-9-6(10)4-3-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2-4,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t5-/m0/s1
InChI KeyDATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamine and derivatives. Glutamine and derivatives are compounds containing glutamine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentGlutamine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glutamine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty amide
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Carboxamide group
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Amino acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point217 - 218 °CNot Available
Boiling Point430.00 to 431.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility25670 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP-0.661 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.0499 +/- 0.108 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedCancer patients undergoing total body irradiation details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.110 +/- 0.132 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothOral cavity disorders
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedCancer patients undergoing total body irradiation details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB12444
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012738
KNApSAcK IDC00030691
Chemspider ID388498
KEGG Compound IDC01047
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkL-theanine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound439378
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17394
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1660151
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Di X, Yan J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Shi Z, Chang Y, Zhao B: L-theanine protects the APP (Swedish mutation) transgenic SH-SY5Y cell against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via inhibition of the NMDA receptor pathway. Neuroscience. 2010 Jul 14;168(3):778-86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.019. Epub 2010 Apr 21. [PubMed:20416364 ]
  2. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .