Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2017-08-01 02:19:39 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-05-30 20:55:51 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0094701 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | N-Acetylproline |
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Description | N-Acetyl-L-proline or N-Acetylproline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylproline can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylproline is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-proline. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylproline can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free proline can also occur. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylproline are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ). |
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Structure | [H][C@]1(CCCN1C(C)=O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C7H11NO3/c1-5(9)8-4-2-3-6(8)7(10)11/h6H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,10,11)/t6-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2S)-1-Acetylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | ChEBI | Acetylproline | ChEBI | (2S)-1-Acetylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate | Generator |
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Chemical Formula | C7H11NO3 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 157.1671 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 157.073893223 |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-1-acetylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid |
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Traditional Name | acetylproline |
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CAS Registry Number | 68-95-1 |
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SMILES | [H][C@]1(CCCN1C(C)=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H11NO3/c1-5(9)8-4-2-3-6(8)7(10)11/h6H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,10,11)/t6-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | GNMSLDIYJOSUSW-LURJTMIESA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Proline and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Proline or derivatives
- N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
- N-acylpyrrolidine
- Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
- Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
- Pyrrolidine
- Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
- Acetamide
- Carboxamide group
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-01ox-9300000000-defdd568f7cdb7d56525 | 2017-08-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-03kc-9400000000-3cd78dbab864adf30267 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-47cdd30cd1badb23d793 | 2017-07-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-096r-4900000000-4f15ca0bc330bf87b521 | 2017-07-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-3f666f354e69b72329a5 | 2017-07-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0bt9-0900000000-5e1bc65351b385ba7aa9 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-5900000000-6e692a48a6e02ce8321d | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00r6-9100000000-f8c2687cfbf901e0c795 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03k9-4900000000-8dde265dd08c9524ee0f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9300000000-83c5640b4755226f6ad6 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-24cc3e57adc9f9cfd85c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-3900000000-c815567db247737737cd | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03xs-9500000000-c91ce95925868ba56830 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylproline 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-029g-9100000000-47f27ca4f4188b449d30 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Quadrupole Ion Trap, ESI+, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2022-02-11 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.43 (0.25-0.60) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Metastatic melanoma | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
| Metastatic melanoma |
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- Frankel AE, Coughlin LA, Kim J, Froehlich TW, Xie Y, Frenkel EP, Koh AY: Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients. Neoplasia. 2017 Oct;19(10):848-855. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Sep 15. [PubMed:28923537 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | DB03360 |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | Not Available |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | Not Available |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 66141 |
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PDB ID | N7P |
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ChEBI ID | 21560 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Sass JO, Mohr V, Olbrich H, Engelke U, Horvath J, Fliegauf M, Loges NT, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Moebus R, Weiler P, Kispert A, Superti-Furga A, Wevers RA, Omran H: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Mar;78(3):401-9. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16465618 ]
- Tanaka H, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Weaver DS, Meyer TW: An Enlarged Profile of Uremic Solutes. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0135657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135657. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26317986 ]
- Van Damme P, Hole K, Pimenta-Marques A, Helsens K, Vandekerckhove J, Martinho RG, Gevaert K, Arnesen T: NatF contributes to an evolutionary shift in protein N-terminal acetylation and is important for normal chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002169. Epub 2011 Jul 7. [PubMed:21750686 ]
- Ree R, Varland S, Arnesen T: Spotlight on protein N-terminal acetylation. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jul 27;50(7):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z. [PubMed:30054468 ]
- Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Tanemoto M, Momose A, Toki N, Sato H, Nakayama M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T: Metabolomic profiling of uremic solutes in CKD patients. Hypertens Res. 2010 Sep;33(9):944-52. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.113. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [PubMed:20613759 ]
- Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J: A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):863-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18287557 ]
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