Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00373
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 5610
  • HMDBP08979
Name Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
Synonyms
  1. Myophosphorylase
Gene Name PYGM
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties.
Pathways
  • Insulin signaling pathway
  • Starch and sucrose metabolism
Reactions
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n) + Phosphate → (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + Glucose 1-phosphate details
Starch + Phosphate → Amylose + Glucose 1-phosphate details
GO Classification
Biological Process
small molecule metabolic process
glucose metabolic process
cellular calcium ion homeostasis
glycogen catabolic process
response to hypoxia
response to cAMP
Cellular Component
cytosol
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Function
binding
catalytic activity
transferase activity
cofactor binding
pyridoxal phosphate binding
transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
phosphorylase activity
transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
Molecular Function
pyridoxal phosphate binding
AMP binding
drug binding
glycogen phosphorylase activity
Process
metabolic process
primary metabolic process
carbohydrate metabolic process
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 11
Locus 11q12-q13.2
SNPs PYGM
Gene Sequence
>2529 bp
ATGTCCCGGCCCCTGTCAGACCAAGAGAAAAGAAAGCAAATCAGTGTGCGTGGCCTGGCC
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGACTGAGCTGAAAAAGAACTTCAACCGGCACCTGCATTTCACACTC
GTAAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACCCCACGAGACTACTACTTTGCTCTGGCCCATACCGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTATGAGAAGGACCCC
AAGAGGATCTACTACCTGTCTTTAGAGTTCTATATGGGACGGACGCTACAGAACACCATG
GTGAACCTGGCCTTAGAGAATGCCTGTGACGAGGCCACCTACCAGCTGGGCCTGGACATG
GAGGAGCTGGAGGAAATTGAGGAGGATGCGGGGCTGGGCAACGGGGGCCTGGGCCGGCTG
GCAGCCTGCTTTCTTGACTCCATGGCAACACTGGGCCTGGCCGCCTATGGCTACGGGATT
CGCTATGAGTTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATCTCCGGGGGCTGGCAGATGGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTTCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAGGCCCGGCCCGAGTTCACGCTACCT
GTGCACTTCTACGGCCATGTGGAGCACACCAGCCAGGGTGCCAAGTGGGTGGACACACAG
GTGGTACTGGCCATGCCCTACGATACGCCCGTGCCTGGCTATCGCAACAATGTTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCCAAGGCTCCCAATGACTTCAACCTCAAGGACTTCAATGTC
GGTGGCTACATCCAGGCTGTGTTGGACCGAAACCTGGCGGAGAACATCTCTCGTGTCCTG
TACCCCAATGATAATTTCTTCGAAGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTATTTCGTG
GTGGCTGCCACCCTCCAGGACATCATCCGTCGCTTCAAGTCTTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGT
GATCCCGTGCGCACGAACTTCGATGCCTTCCCAGATAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTCAATGAC
ACCCACCCCTCCCTGGCCATCCCCGAGCTGATGAGGATCCTGGTGGACCTGGAACGGATG
GACTGGGACAAGGCGTGGGATGTGACAGTGAGGACCTGTGCCTACACCAACCACACGGTG
CTGCCCGAGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCGGTGCACCTCTTGGAGACGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTCCAGATCATCTACGAGATCAACCAGCGCTTCCTCAACCGGGTGGCGGCCGCATTCCCA
GGGGACGTAGACCGGCTGCGGCGCATGTCGCTGGTGGAGGAGGGCGCAGTGAAGCGCATC
AACATGGCACACCTGTGCATCGCGGGGTCGCACGCCGTCAACGGCGTGGCGCGCATCCAC
TCCGAGATCCTCAAGAAGACCATCTTCAAAGACTTCTATGAGCTGGAGCCTCATAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAACGGCATCACCCCTCGGCGCTGGCTGGTTCTGTGTAACCCCGGGCTG
GCAGAGGTCATTGCTGAGCGCATCGGGGAGGACTTCATCTCTGACCTGGACCAGCTGCGC
AAACTGCTCTCCTTTGTGGATGATGAAGCTTTCATTCGGGATGTGGCCAAAGTGAAGCAG
GAAAACAAGTTGAAGTTTGCTGCCTACCTAGAGAGGGAATACAAAGTCCACATCAACCCC
AACTCACTCTTCGACATCCAGGTGAAGCGGATTCACGAATATAAACGACAGCTCCTCAAC
TGCCTCCATGTCATCACCCTGTACAACCGCATCAAGAGGGAGCCCAATAAGTTTTTTGTG
CCTCGGACTGTGATGATTGGAGGGAAGGCTGCACCTGGGTACCACATGGCCAAGATGATC
ATCAGACTCGTCACAGCCATCGGGGATGTGGTCAACCATGACCCGGCAGTGGGTGACCGC
CTCCGTGTCATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGAGTCTCACTGGCCGAGAAAGTGATCCCAGCT
GCAGACCTCTCTGAGCAGATCTCCACTGCGGGCACTGAAGCCTCAGGCACCGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCTCTGACCATTGGCACCATGGACGGGGCCAATGTGGAGATG
GCAGAAGAGGCGGGAGAGGAAAACTTCTTCATCTTTGGCATGCGGGTGGAGGATGTGGAT
AAGCTTGACCAAAGAGGGTACAATGCCCAGGAGTACTACGATCGCATTCCTGAGCTTCGG
CAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTGAGCAGTGGCTTCTTCTCCCCCAAACAGCCCGACCTGTTCAAG
GACATTGTCAATATGCTCATGCACCATGACCGGTTTAAAGTCTTCGCAGATTATGAAGAC
TACATTAAATGCCAGGAGAAAGTCAGCGCCTTGTACAAGAACCCAAGAGAGTGGACGCGG
ATGGTGATCCGGAACATAGCCACCTCTGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGCACCATTGCCCAG
TATGCCCGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCTTCCCGCCAGCGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGATGAG
GCCATCTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 842
Molecular Weight 87316.355
Theoretical pI 8.414
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
MSRPLSDQEKRKQISVRGLAGVENVTELKKNFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYEKDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLALENACDEATYQLGLDM
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKISGGWQMEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEFTLPVHFYGHVEHTSQGAKWVDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYRNNVVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFNLKDFNVGGYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTNFDAFPDKVAIQLNDTHPSLAIPELMRILVDLERM
DWDKAWDVTVRTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVHLLETLLPRHLQIIYEINQRFLNRVAAAFP
GDVDRLRRMSLVEEGAVKRINMAHLCIAGSHAVNGVARIHSEILKKTIFKDFYELEPHKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLVLCNPGLAEVIAERIGEDFISDLDQLRKLLSFVDDEAFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFAAYLEREYKVHINPNSLFDIQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITLYNRIKREPNKFFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIRLVTAIGDVVNHDPAVGDRLRVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENFFIFGMRVEDVD
KLDQRGYNAQEYYDRIPELRQVIEQLSSGFFSPKQPDLFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYED
YIKCQEKVSALYKNPREWTRMVIRNIATSGKFSSDRTIAQYAREIWGVEPSRQRLPAPDE
AI
GenBank ID Protein 3153910
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11217
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGM_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID AF066859
GeneCard ID PYGM
GenAtlas ID PYGM
HGNC ID HGNC:9726
References
General References
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  3. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1175371. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed:19608861 ]
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  6. Kubisch C, Wicklein EM, Jentsch TJ: Molecular diagnosis of McArdle disease: revised genomic structure of the myophosphorylase gene and identification of a novel mutation. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(1):27-32. [PubMed:9633816 ]
  7. Hwang PK, See YP, Vincentini AM, Powers MA, Fletterick RJ, Crerar MM: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Oct 15;152(2):267-74. [PubMed:3840433 ]
  8. Gautron S, Daegelen D, Mennecier F, Dubocq D, Kahn A, Dreyfus JC: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):275-81. [PubMed:3466902 ]
  9. Carty TJ, Tu J-I, Graves DJ: Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Role of the peptide region surrounding the phosphoserine residue in determining enzyme properties. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jul 10;250(13):4980-5. [PubMed:1150650 ]
  10. Kim JE, Tannenbaum SR, White FM: Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Proteome Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;4(4):1339-46. [PubMed:16083285 ]
  11. Tsujino S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329(4):241-5. [PubMed:8316268 ]
  12. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Martinuzzi A, Heiman-Patterson T, DiMauro S: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):276-7. [PubMed:8535454 ]
  13. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Nonaka I, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1995;3:S23-7. [PubMed:7603523 ]
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  15. Gamez J, Fernandez R, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Navarro C, Schwartz S, Dimauro S: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Aug;22(8):1136-8. [PubMed:10417800 ]
  16. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Tamburino L, Gamez J, Shanske S, Cervera C, Navarro C, DiMauro S: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):171-3. [PubMed:10382911 ]
  17. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Garcia A, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):174-5. [PubMed:10382912 ]
  18. Fernandez R, Navarro C, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Gamez J, Teijeira S, Hernandez I, Teijeiro A, Fernandez JM, Musumeci O, DiMauro S: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease. Arch Neurol. 2000 Feb;57(2):217-9. [PubMed:10681080 ]
  19. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Auciello R, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):129-31. [PubMed:10590419 ]
  20. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Feb;10(2):138-40. [PubMed:10714589 ]
  21. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Campos Y, Ricoy JR, Cabello A, Arenas J: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Aug;10(6):447-9. [PubMed:10899452 ]
  22. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Buchbinder J, Fernandez-Hojas R, del Hoyo P, Teijeira S, Gamez J, Navarro C, Fernandez JM, Cabello A, Campos Y, Cervera C, Culebras JM, Andreu AL, Fletterick R, Arenas J: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):574-81. [PubMed:11706962 ]
  23. Bruno C, Lanzillo R, Biedi C, Iadicicco L, Minetti C, Santoro L: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Jun;12(5):498-500. [PubMed:12031624 ]