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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00512
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 5759
  • HMDBP04093
Name Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
Synonyms
  1. GCS heavy chain
  2. Gamma-ECS
  3. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
Gene Name GCLC
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Specific Function Not Available
Pathways
  • 2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D And L Form)
  • 4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  • 5-oxoprolinase deficiency
  • 5-Oxoprolinuria
  • Beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria
  • Cysteine Metabolism
  • Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic
  • Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase deficiency
  • Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency
  • Glutamate Metabolism
  • glutathione biosynthesis
  • Glutathione metabolism
  • Glutathione metabolism
  • Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency
  • Homocarnosinosis
  • Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome
  • Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Glutamic acid + L-Cysteine → ADP + Phosphate + gamma-Glutamylcysteine details
GO Classification
Biological Process
cell redox homeostasis
response to arsenic-containing substance
L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
cysteine metabolic process
regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
negative regulation of apoptotic process
response to heat
response to hormone stimulus
response to nitrosative stress
response to oxidative stress
glutamate metabolic process
xenobiotic metabolic process
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
glutathione biosynthetic process
regulation of blood vessel size
Cellular Component
cytosol
glutamate-cysteine ligase complex
Function
glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
catalytic activity
ligase activity
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
acid-amino acid ligase activity
Molecular Function
magnesium ion binding
glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
ATP binding
glutamate binding
ADP binding
coenzyme binding
Process
glutathione biosynthetic process
metabolic process
cellular metabolic process
peptide metabolic process
glutathione metabolic process
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 6
Locus 6p12
SNPs GCLC
Gene Sequence
>1914 bp
ATGGGGCTGCTGTCCCAGGGCTCGCCGCTGAGCTGGGAGGAAACCAAGCGCCATGCCGAC
CACGTGCGGCGGCACGGGATCCTCCAGTTCCTGCACATCTACCACGCCGTCAAGGACCGG
CACAAGGACGTTCTCAAGTGGGGCGATGAGGTGGAATACATGTTGGTATCTTTTGATCAT
GAAAATAAAAAAGTCCGGTTGGTCCTGTCTGGGGAGAAAGTTCTTGAAACTCTGCAAGAG
AAGGGGGAAAGGACAAACCCAAACCATCCTACCCTTTGGAGACCAGAGTATGGGAGTTAC
ATGATTGAAGGGACACCAGGACAGCCCTACGGAGGAACAATGTCCGAGTTCAATACAGTT
GAGGCCAACATGCGAAAACGCCGGAAGGAGGCTACTTCTATATTAGAAGAAAATCAGGCT
CTTTGCACAATAACTTCATTTCCCAGATTAGGCTGTCCTGGGTTCACACTGCCCGAGGTC
AAACCCAACCCAGTGGAAGGAGGAGCTTCCAAGTCCCTCTTCTTTCCAGATGAAGCAATA
AACAAGCACCCTCGCTTCAGTACCTTAACAAGAAATATCCGACATAGGAGAGGAGAAAAG
GTTGTCATCAATGTACCAATATTTAAGGACAAGAATACACCATCTCCATTTATAGAAACA
TTTACTGAGGATGATGAAGCTTCAAGGGCTTCTAAGCCGGATCATATTTACATGGATGCC
ATGGGATTTGGAATGGGCAATTGCTGTCTCCAGGTGACATTCCAAGCCTGCAGTATATCT
GAGGCCAGATACCTTTATGATCAGTTGGCTACTATCTGTCCAATTGTTATGGCTTTGAGT
GCTGCATCTCCCTTTTACCGAGGCTATGTGTCAGACATTGATTGTCGCTGGGGAGTGATT
TCTGCATCTGTAGATGATAGAACTCGGGAGGAGCGAGGACTGGAGCCATTGAAGAACAAT
AACTATAGGATCAGTAAATCCCGATATGACTCAATAGACAGCTATTTATCTAAGTGTGGT
GAGAAATATAATGACATCGACTTGACGATAGATAAAGAGATCTACGAACAGCTGTTGCAG
GAAGGCATTGATCATCTCCTGGCCCAGCATGTTGCTCATCTCTTTATTAGAGACCCACTG
ACACTGTTTGAAGAGAAAATACACCTGGATGATGCTAATGAGTCTGACCATTTTGAGAAT
ATTCAGTCCACAAATTGGCAGACAATGAGATTTAAGCCCCCTCCTCCAAACTCAGACATT
GGATGGAGAGTAGAATTTCGACCCATGGAGGTGCAATTAACAGACTTTGAGAACTCTGCC
TATGTGGTGTTTGTGGTACTGCTCACCAGAGTGATCCTTTCCTACAAATTGGATTTTCTC
ATTCCACTGTCAAAGGTTGATGAGAACATGAAGGTAGCACAGAAAAGAGATGCTGTCTTG
CAGGGAATGTTTTATTTCAGGAAAGATATTTGCAAAGGTGGCAATGCAGTGGTGGATGGT
TGTGGCAAGGCCCAGAACAGCACGGAGCTCGCTGCAGAGGAGTACACCCTCATGAGCATA
GACACCATCATCAATGGGAAGGAAGGTGTGTTTCCTGGACTGATCCCAATTCTGAACTCT
TACCTTGAAAACATGGAAGTGGATGTGGACACCAGATGTAGTATTCTGAACTACCTAAAG
CTAATTAAGAAGAGAGCATCTGGAGAACTAATGACAGTTGCCAGATGGATGAGGGAGTTT
ATCGCAAACCATCCTGACTACAAGCAAGACAGTGTCATAACTGATGAAATGAATTATAGC
CTTATTTTGAAGTGTAACCAAATTGCAAATGAATTATGTGAATGCCCAGAGTTACTTGGA
TCAGCATTTAGGAAAGTAAAATATAGTGGAAGTAAAACTGACTCATCCAACTAG
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 637
Molecular Weight 68629.42
Theoretical pI 5.935
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
MGLLSQGSPLSWEETKRHADHVRRHGILQFLHIYHAVKDRHKDVLKWGDEVEYMLVSFDH
ENKKVRLVLSGEKVLETLQEKGERTNPNHPTLWRPEYGSYMIEGTPGQPYGGTMSEFNTV
EANMRKRRKEATSILEENQALCTITSFPRLGCPGFTLPEVKPNPVEGGASKSLFFPDEAI
NKHPRFSTLTRNIRHRRGEKVVINVPIFKDKNTPSPFIETFTEDDEASRASKPDHIYMDA
MGFGMGNCCLQVTFQACSISEARYLYDQLATICPIVMALSAASPFYRGYVSDIDCRWGVI
SASVDDRTREERGLEPLKNNNYRISKSRYDSIDSYLSKCGEKYNDIDLTIDKEIYEQLLQ
EGIDHLLAQHVAHLFIRDPLTLFEEKIHLDDANESDHFENIQSTNWQTMRFKPPPPNSDI
GWRVEFRPMEVQLTDFENSAYVVFVVLLTRVILSYKLDFLIPLSKVDENMKVAQKRDAVL
QGMFYFRKDICKGGNAVVDGCGKAQNSTELAAEEYTLMSIDTIINGKEGVFPGLIPILNS
YLENMEVDVDTRCSILNYLKLIKKRASGELMTVARWMREFIANHPDYKQDSVITDEMNYS
LILKCNQIANELCECPELLGSAFRKVKYSGSKTDSSN
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48506
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GSH1_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID M90656
GeneCard ID GCLC
GenAtlas ID GCLC
HGNC ID HGNC:4311
References
General References
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  3. Gipp JJ, Chang C, Mulcahy RT: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 May 29;185(1):29-35. [PubMed:1350904 ]
  4. Mulcahy RT, Gipp JJ: Identification of a putative antioxidant response element in the 5'-flanking region of the human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Apr 6;209(1):227-33. [PubMed:7726839 ]
  5. Beutler E, Gelbart T, Kondo T, Matsunaga AT: The molecular basis of a case of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency. Blood. 1999 Oct 15;94(8):2890-4. [PubMed:10515893 ]
  6. Misra I, Griffith OW: Expression and purification of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Protein Expr Purif. 1998 Jul;13(2):268-76. [PubMed:9675072 ]
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  8. Hamilton D, Wu JH, Alaoui-Jamali M, Batist G: A novel missense mutation in the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit gene causes both decreased enzymatic activity and glutathione production. Blood. 2003 Jul 15;102(2):725-30. Epub 2003 Mar 27. [PubMed:12663448 ]