Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP00789
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6069
  • HMDBP03570
Name Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
Synonyms
  1. AGT
  2. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. SPT
Gene Name AGXT
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in metabolic process
Specific Function Not Available
Pathways
  • 3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency
  • Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
  • Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
  • Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)
  • Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  • Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  • Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
  • Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
  • Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
  • Hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic
  • Lactic Acidemia
  • Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemia
  • Peroxisome
  • Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I
  • Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency
  • Sarcosinemia
Reactions
L-Serine + Pyruvic acid → Hydroxypyruvic acid + L-Alanine details
L-Alanine + Glyoxylic acid → Pyruvic acid + Glycine details
Glycine + Oxoglutaric acid → Glyoxylic acid + L-Glutamic acid details
L-Serine + Glyoxylic acid → Hydroxypyruvic acid + Glycine details
GO Classification
Biological Process
L-alanine catabolic process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
oxalic acid secretion
protein targeting to peroxisome
glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate
glyoxylate catabolic process
response to glucocorticoid stimulus
pyruvate biosynthetic process
response to cAMP
L-cysteine catabolic process
Cellular Component
mitochondrial matrix
peroxisomal matrix
Molecular Function
serine-pyruvate transaminase activity
pyridoxal phosphate binding
alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity
protein homodimerization activity
amino acid binding
Process
metabolic process
Cellular Location
  1. Mitochondrion matrix
  2. Peroxisome
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 2
Locus 2q37.3
SNPs AGXT
Gene Sequence
>1179 bp
ATGGCCTCTCACAAGCTGCTGGTGACCCCCCCCAAGGCCCTGCTCAAGCCCCTCTCCATC
CCCAACCAGCTCCTGCTGGGGCCTGGTCCTTCCAACCTGCCTCCTCGCATCATGGCAGCC
GGGGGGCTGCAGATGATCGGGTCCATGAGCAAGGATATGTACCAGATCATGGACGAGATC
AAGGAAGGCATCCAGTACGTGTTCCAGACCAGGAACCCACTCACACTGGTCATCTCTGGC
TCGGGACACTGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGCCCTGGTCAATGTGCTGGAGCCTGGGGACTCCTTC
CTGGTTGGGGCCAATGGCATTTGGGGGCAGCGAGCCGTGGACATCGGGGAGCGCATAGGA
GCCCGAGTGCACCCGATGACCAAGGACCCTGGAGGCCACTACACACTGCAGGAGGTGGAG
GAGGGCCTGGCCCAGCACAAGCCAGTGCTGCTGTTCTTAACCCACGGGGAGTCGTCCACC
GGCGTGCTGCAGCCCCTTGATGGCTTCGGGGAACTCTGCCACAGGTACAAGTGCCTGCTC
CTGGTGGATTCGGTGGCATCCCTGGGCGGGACCCCCCTTTACATGGACCGGCAAGGCATC
GACATCCTGTACTCGGGCTCCCAGAAGGCCCTGAACGCCCCTCCAGGGACCTCGCTCATC
TCCTTCAGTGACAAGGCCAAAAAGAAGATGTACTCCCGCAAGACGAAGCCCTTCTCCTTC
TACCTGGACATCAAGTGGCTGGCCAACTTCTGGGGCTGTGACGACCAGCCCAGGATGTAC
CATCACACAATCCCCGTCATCAGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGAGAGAGCCTGGCCCTCATTGCG
GAACAGGGCCTGGAGAACAGCTGGCGCCAGCACCGCGAGGCCGCGGCGTATCTGCATGGG
CGCCTGCAGGCACTGGGGCTGCAGCTCTTCGTGAAGGACCCGGCGCTCCGGCTTCCCACA
GTCACCACTGTGGCTGTACCCGCTGGCTATGACTGGAGAGACATCGTCAGCTACGTCATA
GACCACTTCGACATTGAGATCATGGGTGGCCTTGGGCCCTCCACGGGGAAGGTGCTGCGG
ATCGGCCTGCTGGGCTGCAATGCCACCCGCGAGAATGTGGACCGCGTGACGGAGGCCCTG
AGGGCGGCCCTGCAGCACTGCCCCAAGAAGAAGCTGTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 392
Molecular Weight 43009.535
Theoretical pI 8.393
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
MASHKLLVTPPKALLKPLSIPNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAAGGLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEI
KEGIQYVFQTRNPLTLVISGSGHCALEAALVNVLEPGDSFLVGANGIWGQRAVDIGERIG
ARVHPMTKDPGGHYTLQEVEEGLAQHKPVLLFLTHGESSTGVLQPLDGFGELCHRYKCLL
LVDSVASLGGTPLYMDRQGIDILYSGSQKALNAPPGTSLISFSDKAKKKMYSRKTKPFSF
YLDIKWLANFWGCDDQPRMYHHTIPVISLYSLRESLALIAEQGLENSWRQHREAAAYLHG
RLQALGLQLFVKDPALRLPTVTTVAVPAGYDWRDIVSYVIDHFDIEIMGGLGPSTGKVLR
IGLLGCNATRENVDRVTEALRAALQHCPKKKL
GenBank ID Protein 36582
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21549
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SPYA_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID X56092
GeneCard ID AGXT
GenAtlas ID AGXT
HGNC ID HGNC:341
References
General References
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  4. Nishiyama K, Berstein G, Oda T, Ichiyama A: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human liver serine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Nov 26;194(1):9-18. [PubMed:2253628 ]
  5. Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ: Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. [PubMed:1703535 ]
  6. Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ: Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):517-20. [PubMed:2363689 ]
  7. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ: Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):34-42. [PubMed:2045108 ]
  8. Zhang X, Roe SM, Hou Y, Bartlam M, Rao Z, Pearl LH, Danpure CJ: Crystal structure of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and the relationship between genotype and enzymatic phenotype in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):643-52. [PubMed:12899834 ]
  9. Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A: Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1093-9. [PubMed:2039493 ]
  10. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Allsop J, Minatogawa Y, Danpure CJ: A glycine-to-glutamate substitution abolishes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity in a subset of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Genomics. 1992 May;13(1):215-8. [PubMed:1349575 ]
  11. Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R: A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Nov;1(8):643-4. [PubMed:1301173 ]
  12. Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al.: Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Aug;53(2):417-32. [PubMed:8101040 ]
  13. Danpure CJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie. 1993;75(3-4):309-15. [PubMed:8507692 ]
  14. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: a cluster of new mutations in exon 7 of the AGXT gene. J Med Genet. 1997 Jun;34(6):489-92. [PubMed:9192270 ]
  15. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Identification of new mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). J Nephrol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 1:15-7. [PubMed:9604803 ]
  16. Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: primary hyperoxaluria type I. Hum Genet. 1999 May;104(5):441. [PubMed:10394939 ]
  17. Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Amoroso A, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Molecular analysis of hyperoxaluria type 1 in Italian patients reveals eight new mutations in the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):523-5. [PubMed:10453743 ]
  18. Rinat C, Wanders RJ, Drukker A, Halle D, Frishberg Y: Primary hyperoxaluria type I: a model for multiple mutations in a monogenic disease within a distinct ethnic group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Nov;10(11):2352-8. [PubMed:10541294 ]
  19. Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D: Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000 Jun;15(6):577. [PubMed:10862087 ]
  20. Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ: Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):36415-22. [PubMed:10960483 ]
  21. Coulter-Mackie MB, Tung A, Henderson HE, Toone JR, Applegarth DA: The AGT gene in Africa: a distinctive minor allele haplotype, a polymorphism (V326I), and a novel PH1 mutation (A112D) in Black Africans. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Jan;78(1):44-50. [PubMed:12559847 ]
  22. Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7277-82. Epub 2003 May 30. [PubMed:12777626 ]
  23. van Woerden CS, Groothoff JW, Wijburg FA, Annink C, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR: Clinical implications of mutation analysis in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):746-52. [PubMed:15253729 ]
  24. Monico CG, Olson JB, Milliner DS: Implications of genotype and enzyme phenotype in pyridoxine response of patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Nephrol. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):183-8. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed:15849466 ]
  25. Frishberg Y, Rinat C, Shalata A, Khatib I, Feinstein S, Becker-Cohen R, Weismann I, Wanders RJ, Rumsby G, Roels F, Mandel H: Intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Israel. Am J Nephrol. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):269-75. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed:15961946 ]
  26. Coulter-Mackie MB, Lian Q, Applegarth D, Toone J: The major allele of the alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene: nine novel mutations and polymorphisms associated with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;86(1-2):172-8. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed:15963748 ]