HMDB0001897 | Substance P | 33507-63-0 | | C63H98N18O13S | 1347.63 1346.728146002 | - Koon HW, Zhao D, Zhan Y, Rhee SH, Moyer MP, Pothoulakis C: Substance P stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 expression through JAK-STAT activation in human colonic epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2006 Apr 15;176(8):5050-9. [PubMed:16585602 ]
- Sio SW, Ang SF, Lu J, Moochhala S, Bhatia M: Substance P upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E metabolite by activating ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in a mouse model of burn-induced remote acute lung injury. J Immunol. 2010 Nov 15;185(10):6265-76. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001739. Epub 2010 Oct 6. [PubMed:20926798 ]
- Gallicchio M, Rosa AC, Benetti E, Collino M, Dianzani C, Fantozzi R: Substance P-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;147(6):681-9. [PubMed:16432508 ]
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HMDB0014260 | Desmopressin | 16679-58-6 | | C46H64N14O12S2 | 1069.217 1068.426954962 | - Kotnik P, Nielsen J, Kwon TH, Krzisnik C, Frokiaer J, Nielsen S: Altered expression of COX-1, COX-2, and mPGES in rats with nephrogenic and central diabetes insipidus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 May;288(5):F1053-68. Epub 2005 Jan 11. [PubMed:15644490 ]
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HMDB0015680 | Nonoxynol-9 | 26571-11-9 | | C33H60O10 | 616.8235 616.41864814 | - Zalenskaya IA, Cerocchi OG, Joseph T, Donaghay MA, Schriver SD, Doncel GF: Increased COX-2 expression in human vaginal epithelial cells exposed to nonoxynol-9, a vaginal contraceptive microbicide that failed to protect women from HIV-1 infection. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Jun;65(6):569-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00964.x. Epub 2011 Jan 18. [PubMed:21241401 ]
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HMDB0003178 | Heme | 14875-96-8 | | C34H32FeN4O4 | 616.487 616.177297665 | Not Available |
HMDB0015488 | Antrafenine | 55300-30-6 | | C30H26F6N4O2 | 588.5435 588.195995326 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Albertini R, Aimbire F, Villaverde AB, Silva JA Jr, Costa MS: COX-2 mRNA expression decreases in the subplantar muscle of rat paw subjected to carrageenan-induced inflammation after low level laser therapy. Inflamm Res. 2007 Jun;56(6):228-9. [PubMed:17607546 ]
- Dhir A, Naidu PS, Kulkarni SK: Neuroprotective effect of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling and associated biochemical parameters in mice. Seizure. 2007 Dec;16(8):691-7. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [PubMed:17604186 ]
- Kumar P, Padi SS, Naidu PS, Kumar A: Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;21(3):297-306. [PubMed:17521299 ]
- White WB: Cardiovascular effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Subcell Biochem. 2007;42:145-58. [PubMed:17612049 ]
- Hassan-Alin M, Naesdal J, Nilsson-Pieschl C, Langstrom G, Andersson T: Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Esomeprazole and the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Naproxen and Rofecoxib in Healthy Subjects. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(11):731-40. [PubMed:17532719 ]
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HMDB0014933 | Sulfasalazine | 599-79-1 | | C18H14N4O5S | 398.393 398.068490268 | - Mifflin RC, Saada JI, Di Mari JF, Valentich JD, Adegboyega PA, Powell DW: Aspirin-mediated COX-2 transcript stabilization via sustained p38 activation in human intestinal myofibroblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;65(2):470-8. [PubMed:14742690 ]
- Generini S, Fiori G, Matucci Cerinic M: Therapy of spondylarthropathy in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Nov-Dec;20(6 Suppl 28):S88-94. [PubMed:12463455 ]
- Distrutti E, Sediari L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Orlandi S, Russo G, Caliendo G, Santagada V, Cirino G, Wallace JL, Fiorucci S: 5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3yl)-phenyl ester (ATB-429), a hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of mesalamine, exerts antinociceptive effects in a model of postinflammatory hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Oct;319(1):447-58. Epub 2006 Jul 19. [PubMed:16855178 ]
- Cipolla G, Crema F, Sacco S, Moro E, de Ponti F, Frigo G: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives. Pharmacol Res. 2002 Jul;46(1):1-6. [PubMed:12208114 ]
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HMDB0013995 | Hydroxycelecoxib | 170571-00-3 | | C17H14F3N3O3S | 397.372 397.070796634 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Sigthorsson G, Simpson RJ, Walley M, Anthony A, Foster R, Hotz-Behoftsitz C, Palizban A, Pombo J, Watts J, Morham SG, Bjarnason I: COX-1 and 2, intestinal integrity, and pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1913-23. [PubMed:12055598 ]
- Scheiman JM: Outcomes studies of the gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002;69 Suppl 1:SI40-6. [PubMed:12086292 ]
- Reddy BS, Rao CV: Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2002;21(2):155-64. [PubMed:12086402 ]
- Ahmad SR, Kortepeter C, Brinker A, Chen M, Beitz J: Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44. [PubMed:12093311 ]
- Lu S, Zhang X, Badawi AF, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits promotion of mammary tumorigenesis in rats fed a high fat diet rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cancer Lett. 2002 Oct 8;184(1):7-12. [PubMed:12104042 ]
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HMDB0013991 | 5'-Hydroxylornoxicam | | | C13H10ClN3O5S2 | 387.819 386.975039532 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Yamada M, Niki H, Yamashita M, Mue S, Ohuchi K: Prostaglandin E2 production dependent upon cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and its contradictory modulation by auranofin in rat peritoneal macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 May;281(2):1005-12. [PubMed:9152412 ]
- Ozgocmen S, Ardicoglu O, Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E, Gudul H: In vivo effect of celecoxib and tenoxicam on oxidant/ anti-oxidant status of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2005 Spring;35(2):137-43. [PubMed:15943176 ]
- Kothekar V, Sahi S, Srinivasan M, Mohan A, Mishra J: Recognition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) active site by NSAIDs: a computer modelling study. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2001 Feb-Apr;38(1-2):56-63. [PubMed:11563332 ]
- Yilmaz H, Gurel S, Ozdemir O: The use and safety profile of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs among Turkish patients with osteoarthritis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;16(3):138-42. [PubMed:16245223 ]
- Galvao RI, Diogenes JP, Maia GC, Filho EA, Vasconcelos SM, de Menezes DB, Cunha GM, Viana GS: Tenoxicam exerts a neuroprotective action after cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurochem Res. 2005 Jan;30(1):39-46. [PubMed:15756931 ]
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HMDB0005014 | Celecoxib | 169590-42-5 | | C17H14F3N3O2S | 381.372 381.075882012 | Not Available |
HMDB0013997 | 6-Hydroxymethyletoricoxib | | | C18H15ClN2O3S | 374.841 374.049190753 | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
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- Capone ML, Tacconelli S, Di Francesco L, Sacchetti A, Sciulli MG, Patrignani P: Pharmacodynamic of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in humans. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007 Jan;82(1-4):85-94. Epub 2006 Jul 3. [PubMed:17164136 ]
- FitzGerald GA: COX-2 in play at the AHA and the FDA. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Jul;28(7):303-7. Epub 2007 Jun 18. [PubMed:17573128 ]
- Yuan Y, Hunt RH: Global gastrointestinal safety profile of etoricoxib and lumiracoxib. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(22):2237-47. [PubMed:17691997 ]
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HMDB0015666 | Lornoxicam | 70374-39-9 | | C13H10ClN3O4S2 | 371.819 370.98012491 | - Renner RM, Jensen JT, Nichols MD, Edelman AB: Pain control in first-trimester surgical abortion: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Contraception. 2010 May;81(5):372-88. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.12.008. Epub 2010 Jan 27. [PubMed:20399943 ]
- Berg J, Fellier H, Christoph T, Grarup J, Stimmeder D: The analgesic NSAID lornoxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the formation of interleukin (IL)-6 in vitro. Inflamm Res. 1999 Jul;48(7):369-79. [PubMed:10450786 ]
- Rose P, Steinhauser C: Comparison of Lornoxicam and Rofecoxib in Patients with Activated Osteoarthritis (COLOR Study). Clin Drug Investig. 2004;24(4):227-36. [PubMed:17516707 ]
- Bianchi M, Panerai AE: Effects of lornoxicam, piroxicam, and meloxicam in a model of thermal hindpaw hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection in rat tail. Pharmacol Res. 2002 Feb;45(2):101-5. [PubMed:11846620 ]
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HMDB0003235 | Prostaglandin G2 | 51982-36-6 | | C20H32O6 | 368.4645 368.219888756 | Not Available |
HMDB0015467 | Drospirenone | 67392-87-4 | | C24H30O3 | 366.4932 366.219494826 | - Maia H Jr, Casoy J, Athayde C, Valente Filho J, Coutinho EM: The effect of a continuous regimen of drospirenone 3 mg/ethinylestradiol 30 microg on Cox-2 and Ki-67 expression in the endometrium. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2010 Feb;15(1):35-40. doi: 10.3109/13625180903383928. [PubMed:20063991 ]
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HMDB0015024 | Bumetanide | 28395-03-1 | | C17H20N2O5S | 364.416 364.10929245 | - Cheng HF, Wang JL, Zhang MZ, McKanna JA, Harris RC: Role of p38 in the regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by extracellular chloride. J Clin Invest. 2000 Sep;106(5):681-8. [PubMed:10974021 ]
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HMDB0015408 | Bismuth Subsalicylate | 14882-18-9 | | C7H5BiO4 | 362.0926 361.999166889 | - Graham GG, Scott KF: Mechanisms of action of paracetamol and related analgesics. Inflammopharmacology. 2003;11(4):401-13. [PubMed:15035793 ]
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- Fiebich BL, Chrubasik S: Effects of an ethanolic salix extract on the release of selected inflammatory mediators in vitro. Phytomedicine. 2004 Feb;11(2-3):135-8. [PubMed:15070163 ]
- Chae HJ, Chae SW, Reed JC, Kim HR: Salicylate regulates COX-2 expression through ERK and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in osteoblasts. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2004 Feb;26(1):75-91. [PubMed:15106733 ]
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- Elvira C, Gallardo A, Lacroix N, Schacht E, San Roman J: Incorporation of salicylic acid derivatives to hydrophilic copolymer systems with biomedical applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2001 Jun;12(6):535-42. [PubMed:15348270 ]
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HMDB0015149 | Balsalazide | 80573-04-2 | | C17H15N3O6 | 357.3175 357.096085227 | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. [PubMed:12950415 ]
- Wiggins JB, Rajapakse R: Balsalazide: a novel 5-aminosalicylate prodrug for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1279-84. doi: 10.1517/17425250903206996. [PubMed:19743890 ]
- Stolfi C, Fina D, Caruso R, Caprioli F, Sarra M, Fantini MC, Rizzo A, Pallone F, Monteleone G: Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent and -independent inhibition of proliferation of colon cancer cells by 5-aminosalicylic acid. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 1;75(3):668-76. Epub 2007 Sep 29. [PubMed:17981262 ]
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HMDB0014743 | Sulindac | 38194-50-2 | | C20H17FO3S | 356.411 356.088243305 | - Giuliano F, Warner TD: Ex vivo assay to determine the cyclooxygenase selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;126(8):1824-30. [PubMed:10372826 ]
- Molina MA, Sitja-Arnau M, Lemoine MG, Frazier ML, Sinicrope FA: Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pancreatic carcinomas and cell lines: growth inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cancer Res. 1999 Sep 1;59(17):4356-62. [PubMed:10485483 ]
- Yip-Schneider MT, Barnard DS, Billings SD, Cheng L, Heilman DK, Lin A, Marshall SJ, Crowell PL, Marshall MS, Sweeney CJ: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Feb;21(2):139-46. [PubMed:10657949 ]
- Fosslien E: Biochemistry of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and molecular pathology of COX-2 in neoplasia. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2000 Oct;37(5):431-502. [PubMed:11078056 ]
- Taylor MT, Lawson KR, Ignatenko NA, Marek SE, Stringer DE, Skovan BA, Gerner EW: Sulindac sulfone inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2000 Dec 1;60(23):6607-10. [PubMed:11118042 ]
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HMDB0001335 | Prostaglandin I2 | 35121-78-9 | | C20H32O5 | 352.4651 352.224974134 | Not Available |
HMDB0001381 | Prostaglandin H2 | 42935-17-1 | | C20H32O5 | 352.4651 352.224974134 | Not Available |
HMDB0014952 | Meloxicam | 71125-38-7 | | C14H13N3O4S2 | 351.401 351.034747299 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Blanco FJ, Guitian R, Moreno J, de Toro FJ, Galdo F: Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on COX-1 and COX-2 activity in human articular chondrocytes. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1366-73. [PubMed:10381057 ]
- Panara MR, Renda G, Sciulli MG, Santini G, Di Giamberardino M, Rotondo MT, Tacconelli S, Seta F, Patrono C, Patrignani P: Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and monocyte cyclooxygenase-2 by meloxicam in healthy subjects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jul;290(1):276-80. [PubMed:10381787 ]
- Poulsen Nautrup B, Horstermann D: [Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects of the non-inflammatory non-steroidal agent meloxicam in dogs]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1999 Mar;106(3):94-100. [PubMed:10220944 ]
- Tegeder I, Lotsch J, Krebs S, Muth-Selbach U, Brune K, Geisslinger G: Comparison of inhibitory effects of meloxicam and diclofenac on human thromboxane biosynthesis after single doses and at steady state. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999 May;65(5):533-44. [PubMed:10340919 ]
- Gross JM, Dwyer JE, Knox FG: Natriuretic response to increased pressure is preserved with COX-2 inhibitors. Hypertension. 1999 Nov;34(5):1163-7. [PubMed:10567199 ]
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HMDB0014096 | 5'-Hydroxypiroxicam | 77459-78-0 | | C15H13N3O5S | 347.346 347.057591231 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Fackovcova D, Kristova V, Kriska M: Renal damage induced by the treatment with non-opioid analgesics--theoretical assumption or clinical significance. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2000;101(8):417-22. [PubMed:11153163 ]
- Blanco FJ, Guitian R, Moreno J, de Toro FJ, Galdo F: Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on COX-1 and COX-2 activity in human articular chondrocytes. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1366-73. [PubMed:10381057 ]
- Bugajski J, Glod R, Gadek-Michalska A, Bugajski AJ: Involvement of constitutive (COX-1) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in the adrenergic-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;52(4 Pt 2):795-809. [PubMed:11785774 ]
- Raju J, Bird RP: Differential modulation of transforming growth factor-betas and cyclooxygenases in the platelet lysates of male F344 rats by dietary lipids and piroxicam. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Feb;231(1-2):139-46. [PubMed:11952155 ]
- Veiga AP, Duarte ID, Avila MN, da Motta PG, Tatsuo MA, Francischi JN: Prevention by celecoxib of secondary hyperalgesia induced by formalin in rats. Life Sci. 2004 Oct 22;75(23):2807-17. [PubMed:15464832 ]
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HMDB0015098 | Bromfenac | 91714-94-2 | | C15H12BrNO3 | 334.165 333.000055902 | - Waterbury LD, Silliman D, Jolas T: Comparison of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and ocular anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine and bromfenac sodium. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Jun;22(6):1133-40. [PubMed:16846546 ]
- Sanchez-Matienzo D, Arana A, Castellsague J, Perez-Gutthann S: Hepatic disorders in patients treated with COX-2 selective inhibitors or nonselective NSAIDs: a case/noncase analysis of spontaneous reports. Clin Ther. 2006 Aug;28(8):1123-32. [PubMed:16982289 ]
- Chitturi S, George J: Hepatotoxicity of commonly used drugs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensives, antidiabetic agents, anticonvulsants, lipid-lowering agents, psychotropic drugs. Semin Liver Dis. 2002;22(2):169-83. [PubMed:12016548 ]
- Cho H, Wolf KJ, Wolf EJ: Management of ocular inflammation and pain following cataract surgery: focus on bromfenac ophthalmic solution. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009;3:199-210. Epub 2009 Jun 2. [PubMed:19668566 ]
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HMDB0005033 | Valdecoxib | 181695-72-7 | | C16H14N2O3S | 314.359 314.072513014 | Not Available |
HMDB0013974 | 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac | 64118-84-9 | | C14H11Cl2NO3 | 312.148 311.011598637 | - Kirchheiner J, Meineke I, Steinbach N, Meisel C, Roots I, Brockmoller J: Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2: no relationship to the CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;55(1):51-61. [PubMed:12534640 ]
- Chavez ML, DeKorte CJ: Valdecoxib: a review. Clin Ther. 2003 Mar;25(3):817-51. [PubMed:12852704 ]
- Blomme EA, Chinn KS, Hardy MM, Casler JJ, Kim SH, Opsahl AC, Hall WA, Trajkovic D, Khan KN, Tripp CS: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition does not affect the healing of cutaneous full-thickness incisional wounds in SKH-1 mice. Br J Dermatol. 2003 Feb;148(2):211-23. [PubMed:12588370 ]
- Beubler E: [Pharmacology of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2003;153(5-6):95-9. [PubMed:12705061 ]
- Rowlinson SW, Kiefer JR, Prusakiewicz JJ, Pawlitz JL, Kozak KR, Kalgutkar AS, Stallings WC, Kurumbail RG, Marnett LJ: A novel mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition involving interactions with Ser-530 and Tyr-385. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):45763-9. Epub 2003 Aug 18. [PubMed:12925531 ]
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HMDB0014950 | Phenylbutazone | 50-33-9 | | C19H20N2O2 | 308.3743 308.152477894 | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Beretta C, Garavaglia G, Cavalli M: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in horse blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin, carprofen and meloxicam: an in vitro analysis. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Oct;52(4):302-6. [PubMed:15939622 ]
- Arifah AK, Lees P: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Aug;25(4):299-309. [PubMed:12213119 ]
- Takada Y, Bhardwaj A, Potdar P, Aggarwal BB: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents differ in their ability to suppress NF-kappaB activation, inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclin D1, and abrogation of tumor cell proliferation. Oncogene. 2004 Dec 9;23(57):9247-58. [PubMed:15489888 ]
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