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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01037
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6325
  • HMDBP04290
Name Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial
Synonyms
  1. 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol 27-hydroxylase
  2. Cytochrome P-450C27/25
  3. Cytochrome P450 27
  4. Sterol 27-hydroxylase
  5. Vitamin D(3) 25-hydroxylase
Gene Name CYP27A1
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific Function Catalyzes the first step in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates; the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol. Has also a vitamin D3-25-hydroxylase activity.
Pathways
  • 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency
  • Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX)
  • cholecalciferol biosynthesis
  • Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II
  • Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III
  • Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA)
  • PPAR signaling pathway
  • Primary bile acid biosynthesis
  • Primary bile acid biosynthesis
  • Zellweger Syndrome
Reactions
5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + NADPH + Oxygen → Coprocholic acid + NADP + Water details
3a,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholestane + NADPH + Oxygen → 3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane + NADP + Water details
5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + Oxygen + NADPH → 27-Deoxy-5b-cyprinol + NADP + Water details
Cholesterol + Oxygen + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → 27-Hydroxycholesterol + NADP + Water details
7 alpha,26-Dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one + Oxygen + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → 7alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate + NADP + Water details
27-Hydroxycholesterol + Oxygen + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → 3beta-Hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid + NADP + Water details
3 alpha,7 alpha,26-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane → 3a,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al details
27-Deoxy-5b-cyprinol → 3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al details
3a,7a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al + NADPH + Oxygen + Hydrogen Ion → 17alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NADP + Water details
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al + NADPH + Oxygen + Hydrogen Ion → Coprocholic acid + NADP + Water details
GO Classification
Biological Process
bile acid biosynthetic process
cholesterol metabolic process
xenobiotic metabolic process
Cellular Component
mitochondrial matrix
mitochondrial inner membrane
Function
ion binding
cation binding
metal ion binding
binding
catalytic activity
transition metal ion binding
electron carrier activity
iron ion binding
monooxygenase activity
heme binding
oxidoreductase activity
Molecular Function
electron carrier activity
iron ion binding
steroid hydroxylase activity
cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase activity
cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activity
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity
heme binding
Process
metabolic process
oxidation reduction
Cellular Location
  1. Mitochondrion membrane
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 2
Locus 2q33-qter
SNPs CYP27A1
Gene Sequence
>1596 bp
ATGGCTGCGCTGGGCTGCGCGAGGCTGAGGTGGGCGCTGCGAGGGGCCGGCCGTGGCCTC
TGCCCCCACGGGGCCAGAGCCAAGGCCGCGATCCCTGCCGCCCTCCCCTCGGACAAGGCC
ACCGGAGCTCCCGGAGCCGGGCCTGGTGTCCGGCGGCGGCAACGGAGCTTAGAGGAGATT
CCACGTCTAGGACAGCTGCGCTTCTTCTTTCAGCTGTTCGTTCAAGGCTATGCCCTGCAA
CTGCACCAGTTACAGGTGCTTTACAAGGCCAAGTACGGTCCAATGTGGATGTCCTACTTA
GGGCCTCAGATGCACGTGAACCTGGCCAGTGCCCCGCTCTTGGAGCAAGTGATGCGGCAA
GAGGGAAAGTACCCAGTACGGAACGACATGGAGCTATGGAAGGAGCACCGGGACCAGCAC
GACCTGACCTATGGGCCGTTCACCACGGAAGGACACCACTGGTACCAGCTGCGCCAGGCT
CTGAACCAGCGGTTGCTGAAGCCAGCGGAAGCAGCGCTCTATACGGATGCTTTCAATGAG
GTGATTGATGACTTTATGACTCGACTGGACCAGCTGCGGGCAGAGAGTGCTTCGGGGAAC
CAGGTGTCGGACATGGCTCAACTCTTCTACTACTTTGCCTTGGAAGCTATTTGCTACATC
CTGTTCGAGAAACGCATTGGCTGCCTGCAGCGATCCATCCCCGAGGACACCGTGACCTTC
GTCAGATCCATCGGGTTAATGTTCCAGAACTCACTCTATGCCACCTTCCTCCCCAAGTGG
ACTCGCCCCGTGCTGCCTTTCTGGAAGCGATACCTGGATGGTTGGAATGCCATCTTTTCC
TTTGGGAAGAAGCTGATTGATGAGAAGCTCGAAGATATGGAGGCCCAACTGCAGGCAGCA
GGGCCAGATGGCATCCAGGTGTCTGGCTACCTGCACTTCTTACTGGCCAGTGGACAGCTC
AGTCCTCGGGAGGCCATGGGCAGCCTGCCTGAGCTGCTCATGGCTGGAGTGGACACGACA
TCCAACACGCTGACATGGGCCCTGTACCACCTCTCAAAGGACCCTGAGATCCAGGAGGCC
TTGCACGAGGAAGTGGTGGGTGTGGTGCCAGCCGGGCAAGTGCCCCAGCACAAGGACTTT
GCCCACATGCCGTTGCTCAAAGCTGTGCTTAAGGAGACTCTGCGTCTCTACCCTGTGGTC
CCCACAAACTCCCGGATCATAGAAAAGGAAATTGAAGTTGATGGCTTCCTCTTCCCCAAG
AACACCCAGTTTGTGTTCTGCCACTATGTGGTGTCCCGGGACCCCACTGCCTTCTCTGAG
CCTGAAAGCTTCCAGCCCCACCGCTGGCTGAGAAACAGCCAGCCTGCTACCCCCAGGATC
CAGCACCCATTTGGCTCTGTGCCCTTTGGCTATGGGGTCCGGGCCTGCCTGGGCCGCAGG
ATTGCAGAGCTGGAGATGCAGCTACTCCTCGCAAGGCTGATCCAGAAGTACAAGGTGGTC
CTGGCCCCGGAGACGGGGGAGTTGAAGAGTGTGGCCCGCATTGTCCTGGTTCCCAATAAG
AAAGTGGGCCTGCAGTTCCTGCAGAGACAGTGCTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 531
Molecular Weight 60234.28
Theoretical pI 8.897
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial
MAALGCARLRWALRGAGRGLCPHGARAKAAIPAALPSDKATGAPGAGPGVRRRQRSLEEI
PRLGQLRFFFQLFVQGYALQLHQLQVLYKAKYGPMWMSYLGPQMHVNLASAPLLEQVMRQ
EGKYPVRNDMELWKEHRDQHDLTYGPFTTEGHHWYQLRQALNQRLLKPAEAALYTDAFNE
VIDDFMTRLDQLRAESASGNQVSDMAQLFYYFALEAICYILFEKRIGCLQRSIPEDTVTF
VRSIGLMFQNSLYATFLPKWTRPVLPFWKRYLDGWNAIFSFGKKLIDEKLEDMEAQLQAA
GPDGIQVSGYLHFLLASGQLSPREAMGSLPELLMAGVDTTSNTLTWALYHLSKDPEIQEA
LHEEVVGVVPAGQVPQHKDFAHMPLLKAVLKETLRLYPVVPTNSRIIEKEIEVDGFLFPK
NTQFVFCHYVVSRDPTAFSEPESFQPHRWLRNSQPATPRIQHPFGSVPFGYGVRACLGRR
IAELEMQLLLARLIQKYKVVLAPETGELKSVARIVLVPNKKVGLQFLQRQC
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q02318
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CP27A_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID M62401
GeneCard ID CYP27A1
GenAtlas ID CYP27A1
HGNC ID HGNC:2605
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  3. Cali JJ, Russell DW: Characterization of human sterol 27-hydroxylase. A mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 that catalyzes multiple oxidation reaction in bile acid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 25;266(12):7774-8. [PubMed:1708392 ]
  4. Guo YD, Strugnell S, Back DW, Jones G: Transfected human liver cytochrome P-450 hydroxylates vitamin D analogs at different side-chain positions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8668-72. [PubMed:7690968 ]
  5. Leitersdorf E, Reshef A, Meiner V, Levitzki R, Schwartz SP, Dann EJ, Berkman N, Cali JJ, Klapholz L, Berginer VM: Frameshift and splice-junction mutations in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene cause cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in Jews or Moroccan origin. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jun;91(6):2488-96. [PubMed:8514861 ]
  6. Cali JJ, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Russell DW: Mutations in the bile acid biosynthetic enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase underlie cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 25;266(12):7779-83. [PubMed:2019602 ]
  7. Kim KS, Kubota S, Kuriyama M, Fujiyama J, Bjorkhem I, Eggertsen G, Seyama Y: Identification of new mutations in sterol 27-hydroxylase gene in Japanese patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). J Lipid Res. 1994 Jun;35(6):1031-9. [PubMed:7915755 ]
  8. Chen W, Kubota S, Kim KS, Cheng J, Kuriyama M, Eggertsen G, Bjorkhem I, Seyama Y: Novel homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations of sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27) cause cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in three Japanese patients from two unrelated families. J Lipid Res. 1997 May;38(5):870-9. [PubMed:9186905 ]
  9. Chen W, Kubota S, Ujike H, Ishihara T, Seyama Y: A novel Arg362Ser mutation in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27): its effects on pre-mRNA splicing and enzyme activity. Biochemistry. 1998 Oct 27;37(43):15050-6. [PubMed:9790667 ]
  10. Lamon-Fava S, Schaefer EJ, Garuti R, Salen G, Calandra S: Two novel mutations in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene causing cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Clin Genet. 2002 Mar;61(3):185-91. [PubMed:12000359 ]