Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01162
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6458
Name Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Synonyms
  1. GSK-3 beta
Gene Name GSK3B
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific Function Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. Implicated in the hormonal control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, MYB and the transcription factor JUN. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, and decreases the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Phosphorylates CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Phosphorylates SNAI1
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
binding
catalytic activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
kinase activity
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
protein kinase activity
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Process
phosphorus metabolic process
phosphate metabolic process
metabolic process
cellular metabolic process
protein amino acid phosphorylation
phosphorylation
Cellular Location
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:3
Locus 3q13.3
SNPs GSK3B
Gene Sequence
>1263 bp
ATGTCAGGGCGGCCCAGAACCACCTCCTTTGCGGAGAGCTGCAAGCCGGTGCAGCAGCCT
TCAGCTTTTGGCAGCATGAAAGTTAGCAGAGACAAGGACGGCAGCAAGGTGACAACAGTG
GTGGCAACTCCTGGGCAGGGTCCAGACAGGCCACAAGAAGTCAGCTATACAGACACTAAA
GTGATTGGAAATGGATCATTTGGTGTGGTATATCAAGCCAAACTTTGTGATTCAGGAGAA
CTGGTCGCCATCAAGAAAGTATTGCAGGACAAGAGATTTAAGAATCGAGAGCTCCAGATC
ATGAGAAAGCTAGATCACTGTAACATAGTCCGATTGCGTTATTTCTTCTACTCCAGTGGT
GAGAAGAAAGATGAGGTCTATCTTAATCTGGTGCTGGACTATGTTCCGGAAACAGTATAC
AGAGTTGCCAGACACTATAGTCGAGCCAAACAGACGCTCCCTGTGATTTATGTCAAGTTG
TATATGTATCAGCTGTTCCGAAGTTTAGCCTATATCCATTCCTTTGGAATCTGCCATCGG
GATATTAAACCGCAGAACCTCTTGTTGGATCCTGATACTGCTGTATTAAAACTCTGTGAC
TTTGGAAGTGCAAAGCAGCTGGTCCGAGGAGAACCCAATGTTTCGTATATCTGTTCTCGG
TACTATAGGGCACCAGAGTTGATCTTTGGAGCCACTGATTATACCTCTAGTATAGATGTA
TGGTCTGCTGGCTGTGTGTTGGCTGAGCTGTTACTAGGACAACCAATATTTCCAGGGGAT
AGTGGTGTGGATCAGTTGGTAGAAATAATCAAGGTCCTGGGAACTCCAACAAGGGAGCAA
ATCAGAGAAATGAACCCAAACTACACAGAATTTAAATTCCCTCAAATTAAGGCACATCCT
TGGACTAAGGTCTTCCGACCCCGAACTCCACCGGAGGCAATTGCACTGTGTAGCCGTCTG
CTGGAGTATACACCAACTGCCCGACTAACACCACTGGAAGCTTGTGCACATTCATTTTTT
GATGAATTACGGGACCCAAATGTCAAACTACCAAATGGGCGAGACACACCTGCACTCTTC
AACTTCACCACTCAAGAACTGTCAAGTAATCCACCTCTGGCTACCATCCTTATTCCTCCT
CATGCTCGGATTCAAGCAGCTGCTTCAACCCCCACAAATGCCACAGCAGCGTCAGATGCT
AATACTGGAGACCGTGGACAGACCAATAATGCTGCTTCTGCATCAGCTTCCAACTCCACC
TGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 420
Molecular Weight 46743.9
Theoretical pI 8.97
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence
>Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
MSGRPRTTSFAESCKPVQQPSAFGSMKVSRDKDGSKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTK
VIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSG
EKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHR
DIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDV
WSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHP
WTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALF
NFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHARIQAAASTPTNATAASDANTGDRGQTNNAASASASNST
GenBank ID Protein 225903437
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P49841
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GSK3B_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID NM_001146156.1
GeneCard ID GSK3B
GenAtlas ID GSK3B
HGNC ID HGNC:4617
References
General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  2. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed:15592455 ]
  3. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed:18669648 ]
  4. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007. [PubMed:18691976 ]
  5. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed:19369195 ]
  6. Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed:15302935 ]
  7. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed:17081983 ]
  8. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed:18088087 ]
  9. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. [PubMed:19413330 ]
  10. Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed:16964243 ]
  11. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed:18083107 ]
  12. Zhang Y, Wolf-Yadlin A, Ross PL, Pappin DJ, Rush J, Lauffenburger DA, White FM: Time-resolved mass spectrometry of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network reveals dynamic modules. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005 Sep;4(9):1240-50. Epub 2005 Jun 11. [PubMed:15951569 ]
  13. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. doi: 10.1021/pr900044c. [PubMed:19534553 ]
  14. Wolf-Yadlin A, Hautaniemi S, Lauffenburger DA, White FM: Multiple reaction monitoring for robust quantitative proteomic analysis of cellular signaling networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 3;104(14):5860-5. Epub 2007 Mar 26. [PubMed:17389395 ]
  15. Wissing J, Jansch L, Nimtz M, Dieterich G, Hornberger R, Keri G, Wehland J, Daub H: Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Mar;6(3):537-47. Epub 2006 Dec 27. [PubMed:17192257 ]
  16. Stambolic V, Woodgett JR: Mitogen inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in intact cells via serine 9 phosphorylation. Biochem J. 1994 Nov 1;303 ( Pt 3):701-4. [PubMed:7980435 ]
  17. Rhoads AR, Karkera JD, Detera-Wadleigh SD: Radiation hybrid mapping of genes in the lithium-sensitive wnt signaling pathway. Mol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;4(5):437-42. [PubMed:10523816 ]
  18. Lau KF, Miller CC, Anderton BH, Shaw PC: Molecular cloning and characterization of the human glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter. Genomics. 1999 Sep 1;60(2):121-8. [PubMed:10486203 ]
  19. Hong YR, Chen CH, Cheng DS, Howng SL, Chow CC: Human dynamin-like protein interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 28;249(3):697-703. [PubMed:9731200 ]
  20. Li Y, Bharti A, Chen D, Gong J, Kufe D: Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Dec;18(12):7216-24. [PubMed:9819408 ]
  21. Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V, Rue L, Woodgett J, Dedhar S: Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 15;95(19):11211-6. [PubMed:9736715 ]
  22. Hsu W, Zeng L, Costantini F: Identification of a domain of Axin that binds to the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A and a self-binding domain. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 5;274(6):3439-45. [PubMed:9920888 ]
  23. Hong YR, Chen CH, Chang JH, Wang S, Sy WD, Chou CK, Howng SL: Cloning and characterization of a novel human ninein protein that interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jul 24;1492(2-3):513-6. [PubMed:11004522 ]
  24. Zhou BP, Deng J, Xia W, Xu J, Li YM, Gunduz M, Hung MC: Dual regulation of Snail by GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation in control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;6(10):931-40. Epub 2004 Sep 26. [PubMed:15448698 ]
  25. Hsu HC, Lee YL, Cheng TS, Howng SL, Chang LK, Lu PJ, Hong YR: Characterization of two non-testis-specific CABYR variants that bind to GSK3beta with a proline-rich extensin-like domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Apr 15;329(3):1108-17. [PubMed:15752768 ]
  26. Kobayashi T, Hino S, Oue N, Asahara T, Zollo M, Yasui W, Kikuchi A: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 and h-prune regulate cell migration by modulating focal adhesions. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Feb;26(3):898-911. [PubMed:16428445 ]
  27. Luo W, Peterson A, Garcia BA, Coombs G, Kofahl B, Heinrich R, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Yost HJ, Virshup DM: Protein phosphatase 1 regulates assembly and function of the beta-catenin degradation complex. EMBO J. 2007 Mar 21;26(6):1511-21. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [PubMed:17318175 ]
  28. Kandasamy AD, Schulz R: Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated proteolysis in cardiomyoblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Sep 1;83(4):698-706. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvp175. Epub 2009 Jun 3. [PubMed:19493954 ]
  29. Dajani R, Fraser E, Roe SM, Young N, Good V, Dale TC, Pearl LH: Crystal structure of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta: structural basis for phosphate-primed substrate specificity and autoinhibition. Cell. 2001 Jun 15;105(6):721-32. [PubMed:11440715 ]
  30. Bax B, Carter PS, Lewis C, Guy AR, Bridges A, Tanner R, Pettman G, Mannix C, Culbert AA, Brown MJ, Smith DG, Reith AD: The structure of phosphorylated GSK-3beta complexed with a peptide, FRATtide, that inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation. Structure. 2001 Dec;9(12):1143-52. [PubMed:11738041 ]
  31. Dajani R, Fraser E, Roe SM, Yeo M, Good VM, Thompson V, Dale TC, Pearl LH: Structural basis for recruitment of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta to the axin-APC scaffold complex. EMBO J. 2003 Feb 3;22(3):494-501. [PubMed:12554650 ]