Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01606
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 6929
Name Phosphomannomutase 2
Synonyms
  1. PMM 2
Gene Name PMM2
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Specific Function Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions (By similarity).
Pathways
  • Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
  • Fructose and mannose metabolism
  • GDP-alpha-D-mannose biosynthesis
Reactions
D-Mannose 1-phosphate → Mannose 6-phosphate details
Mannose 6-phosphate → D-Mannose 1-phosphate details
GO Classification
Biological Process
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
post-translational protein modification
protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
mannose biosynthetic process
GDP-mannose biosynthetic process
Cellular Component
cytosol
neuronal cell body
Component
cell part
intracellular part
cytoplasm
Function
catalytic activity
isomerase activity
phosphomannomutase activity
intramolecular transferase activity
intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Molecular Function
phosphomannomutase activity
Process
metabolic process
mannose metabolic process
small molecule metabolic process
alcohol metabolic process
monosaccharide metabolic process
hexose metabolic process
mannose biosynthetic process
Cellular Location
  1. Cytoplasm
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 16
Locus 16p13
SNPs PMM2
Gene Sequence
>741 bp
ATGGCAGCGCCTGGCCCAGCGCTCTGCCTCTTCGACGTGGATGGGACCCTCACCGCCCCG
CGGCAGAAAATTACCAAAGAAATGGATGACTTCCTACAAAAATTGAGGCAGAAGATCAAA
ATCGGAGTGGTAGGCGGATCGGACTTTGAGAAAGTGCAGGAGCAACTGGGAAATGATGTG
GTTGAAAAATACGATTATGTGTTTCCAGAAAATGGCTTGGTAGCATACAAAGATGGGAAA
CTCTTGTGTAGACAGAATATTCAAAGTCATCTGGGTGAGGCCCTAATCCAAGATTTAATC
AACTACTGTCTGAGCTACATTGCGAAAATTAAACTCCCGAAGAAGAGGGGTACTTTCATT
GAATTCCGAAATGGGATGTTAAACGTGTCCCCTATTGGAAGAAGCTGCAGCCAAGAAGAA
CGCATTGAGTTCTACGAACTCGATAAAAAAGAAAATATAAGACAAAAGTTTGTAGCAGAT
CTACGGAAAGAGTTTGCTGGAAAAGGCCTCACGTTTTCCATAGGAGGCCAGATCAGCTTT
GATGTCTTTCCTGATGGATGGGACAAGAGATACTGTCTGCGACATGTGGAAAATGACGGT
TATAAGACCATTTATTTCTTTGGAGACAAAACTATGCCAGGTGGCAATGACCATGAGATC
TTCACAGACCCCAGAACCATGGGCTACTCCGTGACAGCGCCTGAGGACACGCGCAGGATC
TGTGAACTGCTGTTCTCCTAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 246
Molecular Weight 28081.925
Theoretical pI 6.778
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Phosphomannomutase 2
MAAPGPALCLFDVDGTLTAPRQKITKEMDDFLQKLRQKIKIGVVGGSDFEKVQEQLGNDV
VEKYDYVFPENGLVAYKDGKLLCRQNIQSHLGEALIQDLINYCLSYIAKIKLPKKRGTFI
EFRNGMLNVSPIGRSCSQEERIEFYELDKKENIRQKFVADLRKEFAGKGLTFSIGGQISF
DVFPDGWDKRYCLRHVENDGYKTIYFFGDKTMPGGNDHEIFTDPRTMGYSVTAPEDTRRI
CELLFS
GenBank ID Protein 2218087
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15305
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PMM2_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID U85773
GeneCard ID PMM2
GenAtlas ID PMM2
HGNC ID HGNC:9115
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  3. Schollen E, Martens K, Geuzens E, Matthijs G: DHPLC analysis as a platform for molecular diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Eur J Hum Genet. 2002 Oct;10(10):643-8. [PubMed:12357336 ]
  4. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Pardon E, Veiga-Da-Cunha M, Jaeken J, Cassiman JJ, Van Schaftingen E: Mutations in PMM2, a phosphomannomutase gene on chromosome 16p13, in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome (Jaeken syndrome). Nat Genet. 1997 May;16(1):88-92. [PubMed:9140401 ]
  5. Schollen E, Pardon E, Heykants L, Renard J, Doggett NA, Callen DF, Cassiman JJ, Matthijs G: Comparative analysis of the phosphomannomutase genes PMM1, PMM2 and PMM2psi: the sequence variation in the processed pseudogene is a reflection of the mutations found in the functional gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Feb;7(2):157-64. [PubMed:9425221 ]
  6. Silvaggi NR, Zhang C, Lu Z, Dai J, Dunaway-Mariano D, Allen KN: The X-ray crystal structures of human alpha-phosphomannomutase 1 reveal the structural basis of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14918-26. Epub 2006 Mar 15. [PubMed:16540464 ]
  7. Levin EJ, Kondrashov DA, Wesenberg GE, Phillips GN Jr: Ensemble refinement of protein crystal structures: validation and application. Structure. 2007 Sep;15(9):1040-52. [PubMed:17850744 ]
  8. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Heykants L, Grunewald S: Phosphomannomutase deficiency: the molecular basis of the classical Jaeken syndrome (CDGS type Ia). Mol Genet Metab. 1999 Oct;68(2):220-6. [PubMed:10527672 ]
  9. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Van Schaftingen E, Cassiman JJ, Jaeken J: Lack of homozygotes for the most frequent disease allele in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Mar;62(3):542-50. [PubMed:9497260 ]
  10. Kjaergaard S, Skovby F, Schwartz M: Absence of homozygosity for predominant mutations in PMM2 in Danish patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998 Jul-Aug;6(4):331-6. [PubMed:9781039 ]
  11. Kondo I, Mizugishi K, Yoneda Y, Hashimoto T, Kuwajima K, Yuasa I, Shigemoto K, Kuroda Y: Missense mutations in phosphomannomutase 2 gene in two Japanese families with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. Clin Genet. 1999 Jan;55(1):50-4. [PubMed:10066032 ]
  12. Kjaergaard S, Skovby F, Schwartz M: Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A: expression and characterisation of wild type and mutant PMM2 in E. coli. Eur J Hum Genet. 1999 Dec;7(8):884-8. [PubMed:10602363 ]
  13. Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Barnier A, Cuer M, Durand G, Grandchamp B, Seta N: Characterization of the 415G>A (E139K) PMM2 mutation in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia disrupting a splicing enhancer resulting in exon 5 skipping. Hum Mutat. 1999 Dec;14(6):543-4. [PubMed:10571956 ]
  14. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Bjursell C, Erlandson A, Freeze H, Imtiaz F, Kjaergaard S, Martinsson T, Schwartz M, Seta N, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Westphal V, Winchester B: Mutations in PMM2 that cause congenital disorders of glycosylation, type Ia (CDG-Ia). Hum Mutat. 2000 Nov;16(5):386-94. [PubMed:11058895 ]
  15. Bjursell C, Erlandson A, Nordling M, Nilsson S, Wahlstrom J, Stibler H, Kristiansson B, Martinsson T: PMM2 mutation spectrum, including 10 novel mutations, in a large CDG type 1A family material with a focus on Scandinavian families. Hum Mutat. 2000 Nov;16(5):395-400. [PubMed:11058896 ]
  16. Imtiaz F, Worthington V, Champion M, Beesley C, Charlwood J, Clayton P, Keir G, Mian N, Winchester B: Genotypes and phenotypes of patients in the UK with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Mar;23(2):162-74. [PubMed:10801058 ]
  17. Westphal V, Enns GM, McCracken MF, Freeze HH: Functional analysis of novel mutations in a congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia patient with mixed Asian ancestry. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):71-6. [PubMed:11350185 ]
  18. Le Bizec C, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Barnier A, Dupre T, Durand G, Seta N: A new insight into PMM2 mutations in the French population. Hum Mutat. 2005 May;25(5):504-5. [PubMed:15844218 ]
  19. Schollen E, Keldermans L, Foulquier F, Briones P, Chabas A, Sanchez-Valverde F, Adamowicz M, Pronicka E, Wevers R, Matthijs G: Characterization of two unusual truncating PMM2 mutations in two CDG-Ia patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Apr;90(4):408-13. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17307006 ]