Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP01864
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 7258
Name Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
Synonyms
  1. Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor
  2. PAI
  3. PAI-1
  4. Serpin E1
Gene Name SERPINE1
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, and protein C. Its rapid interaction with TPA may function as a major control point in the regulation of fibrinolysis
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
peptidase inhibitor activity
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
enzyme regulator activity
enzyme inhibitor activity
Cellular Location
  1. Secreted
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:7
Locus 7q21.3-q22
SNPs SERPINE1
Gene Sequence
>1209 bp
ATGCAGATGTCTCCAGCCCTCACCTGCCTAGTCCTGGGCCTGGCCCTTGTCTTTGGTGAA
GGGTCTGCTGTGCACCATCCCCCATCCTACGTGGCCCACCTGGCCTCAGACTTCGGGGTG
AGGGTGTTTCAGCAGGTGGCGCAGGCCTCCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGTTTTCTCACCCTAT
GGGGTGGCCTCGGTGTTGGCCATGCTCCAGCTGACAACAGGAGGAGAAACCCAGCAGCAG
ATTCAAGCAGCTATGGGATTCAAGATTGATGACAAGGGCATGGCCCCCGCCCTCCGGCAT
CTGTACAAGGAGCTCATGGGGCCATGGAACAAGGACGAGATCAGCACCACAGACGCGATC
TTCGTCCAGCGGGATCTGAAGCTGGTCCAGGGCTTCATGCCCCACTTCTTCAGGCTGTTC
CGGAGCACGGTCAAGCAAGTGGACTTTTCAGAGGTGGAGAGAGCCAGATTCATCATCAAT
GACTGGGTGAAGACACACACAAAAGGTATGATCAGCAACTTGCTTGGGAAAGGAGCCGTG
GACCAGCTGACACGGCTGGTGCTGGTGAATGCCCTCTACTTCAACGGCCAGTGGAAGACT
CCCTTCCCCGACTCCAGCACCCACCGCCGCCTCTTCCACAAATCAGACGGCAGCACTGTC
TCTGTGCCCATGATGGCTCAGACCAACAAGTTCAACTATACTGAGTTCACCACGCCCGAT
GGCCATTACTACGACATCCTGGAACTGCCCTACCACGGGGACACCCTCAGCATGTTCATT
GCTGCCCCTTATGAAAAAGAGGTGCCTCTCTCTGCCCTCACCAACATTCTGAGTGCCCAG
CTCATCAGCCACTGGAAAGGCAACATGACCAGGCTGCCCCGCCTCCTGGTTCTGCCCAAG
TTCTCCCTGGAGACTGAAGTCGACCTCAGGAAGCCCCTAGAGAACCTGGGAATGACCGAC
ATGTTCAGACAGTTTCAGGCTGACTTCACGAGTCTTTCAGACCAAGAGCCTCTCCACGTC
GCGCAGGCGCTGCAGAAAGTGAAGATCGAGGTGAACGAGAGTGGCACGGTGGCCTCCTCA
TCCACAGCTGTCATAGTCTCAGCCCGCATGGCCCCCGAGGAGATCATCATGGACAGACCC
TTCCTCTTTGTGGTCCGGCACAACCCCACAGGAACAGTCCTTTTCATGGGCCAAGTGATG
GAACCCTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 402
Molecular Weight 45059.7
Theoretical pI 7.22
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • 1-23
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence
>Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
MQMSPALTCLVLGLALVFGEGSAVHHPPSYVAHLASDFGVRVFQQVAQASKDRNVVFSPY
GVASVLAMLQLTTGGETQQQIQAAMGFKIDDKGMAPALRHLYKELMGPWNKDEISTTDAI
FVQRDLKLVQGFMPHFFRLFRSTVKQVDFSEVERARFIINDWVKTHTKGMISNLLGKGAV
DQLTRLVLVNALYFNGQWKTPFPDSSTHRRLFHKSDGSTVSVPMMAQTNKFNYTEFTTPD
GHYYDILELPYHGDTLSMFIAAPYEKEVPLSALTNILSAQLISHWKGNMTRLPRLLVLPK
FSLETEVDLRKPLENLGMTDMFRQFQADFTSLSDQEPLHVAQALQKVKIEVNESGTVASS
STAVIVSARMAPEEIIMDRPFLFVVRHNPTGTVLFMGQVMEP
GenBank ID Protein 35272
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P05121
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PAI1_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID X04429
GeneCard ID SERPINE1
GenAtlas ID SERPINE1
HGNC ID HGNC:8583
References
General References
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  4. Pannekoek H, Veerman H, Lambers H, Diergaarde P, Verweij CL, van Zonneveld AJ, van Mourik JA: Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI): a new member of the Serpin gene family. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2539-44. [PubMed:2430793 ]
  5. Loskutoff DJ, Linders M, Keijer J, Veerman H, van Heerikhuizen H, Pannekoek H: Structure of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene: nonrandom distribution of introns. Biochemistry. 1987 Jun 30;26(13):3763-8. [PubMed:2820474 ]
  6. Ginsburg D, Zeheb R, Yang AY, Rafferty UM, Andreasen PA, Nielsen L, Dano K, Lebo RV, Gelehrter TD: cDNA cloning of human plasminogen activator-inhibitor from endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1986 Dec;78(6):1673-80. [PubMed:3097076 ]
  7. Follo M, Ginsburg D: Structure and expression of the human gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1. Gene. 1989 Dec 14;84(2):447-53. [PubMed:2612914 ]
  8. Strandberg L, Lawrence D, Ny T: The organization of the human-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene. Implications on the evolution of the serine-protease inhibitor family. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Oct 1;176(3):609-16. [PubMed:3262512 ]
  9. Bosma PJ, van den Berg EA, Kooistra T, Siemieniak DR, Slightom JL: Human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. Promoter and structural gene nucleotide sequences. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5;263(19):9129-41. [PubMed:3132455 ]
  10. Ny T, Sawdey M, Lawrence D, Millan JL, Loskutoff DJ: Cloning and sequence of a cDNA coding for the human beta-migrating endothelial-cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6776-80. [PubMed:3092219 ]
  11. Andreasen PA, Riccio A, Welinder KG, Douglas R, Sartorio R, Nielsen LS, Oppenheimer C, Blasi F, Dano K: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1: reactive center and amino-terminal heterogeneity determined by protein and cDNA sequencing. FEBS Lett. 1986 Dec 15;209(2):213-8. [PubMed:3025016 ]
  12. Wun TC, Kretzmer KK: cDNA cloning and expression in E. coli of a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) related to a PAI produced by Hep G2 hepatoma cell. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jan 1;210(1):11-6. [PubMed:3026837 ]
  13. Sigurdardottir O, Wiman B: Identification of a PAI-1 binding site in vitronectin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 21;1208(1):104-10. [PubMed:7522053 ]
  14. Liu CX, Li Y, Obermoeller-McCormick LM, Schwartz AL, Bu G: The putative tumor suppressor LRP1B, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, exhibits both overlapping and distinct properties with the LDL receptor-related protein. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 3;276(31):28889-96. Epub 2001 May 30. [PubMed:11384978 ]
  15. Mottonen J, Strand A, Symersky J, Sweet RM, Danley DE, Geoghegan KF, Gerard RD, Goldsmith EJ: Structural basis of latency in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Nature. 1992 Jan 16;355(6357):270-3. [PubMed:1731226 ]
  16. Aertgeerts K, De Bondt HL, De Ranter CJ, Declerck PJ: Mechanisms contributing to the conformational and functional flexibility of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Nat Struct Biol. 1995 Oct;2(10):891-7. [PubMed:7552714 ]
  17. Xue Y, Bjorquist P, Inghardt T, Linschoten M, Musil D, Sjolin L, Deinum J: Interfering with the inhibitory mechanism of serpins: crystal structure of a complex formed between cleaved plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and a reactive-centre loop peptide. Structure. 1998 May 15;6(5):627-36. [PubMed:9634700 ]
  18. Sharp AM, Stein PE, Pannu NS, Carrell RW, Berkenpas MB, Ginsburg D, Lawrence DA, Read RJ: The active conformation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, a target for drugs to control fibrinolysis and cell adhesion. Structure. 1999 Feb 15;7(2):111-8. [PubMed:10368279 ]
  19. Nar H, Bauer M, Stassen JM, Lang D, Gils A, Declerck PJ: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Structure of the native serpin, comparison to its other conformers and implications for serpin inactivation. J Mol Biol. 2000 Mar 31;297(3):683-95. [PubMed:10731421 ]
  20. Turkmen B, Schmitt M, Schmalfeldt B, Trommler P, Hell W, Creutzburg S, Graeff H, Magdolen V: Mutational analysis of the genes encoding urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 in advanced ovarian cancer. Electrophoresis. 1997 May;18(5):686-9. [PubMed:9194591 ]