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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02038
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 7517
Name Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha
Synonyms
  1. Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase
  2. I-kappa-B kinase 1
  3. I-kappa-B kinase alpha
  4. IKK-A
  5. IKK-alpha
  6. IKK1
  7. IkBKA
  8. IkappaB kinase
  9. NFKBIKA
  10. Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B inhibitor kinase alpha
  11. TCF-16
  12. Transcription factor 16
Gene Name CHUK
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific Function Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. Also phosphorylates NCOA3. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 at NF- kappa-B-regulated promoters during inflammatory responses triggered by cytokines
Pathways
  • Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine
  • Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
binding
catalytic activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
kinase activity
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
protein kinase activity
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Process
phosphorus metabolic process
phosphate metabolic process
metabolic process
cellular metabolic process
protein amino acid phosphorylation
phosphorylation
Cellular Location
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:1
Locus 10q24-q25
SNPs CHUK
Gene Sequence
>2238 bp
ATGGAGCGGCCCCCGGGGCTGCGGCCGGGCGCGGGCGGGCCCTGGGAGATGCGGGAGCGG
CTGGGCACCGGCGGCTTCGGGAACGTCTGTCTGTACCAGCATCGGGAACTTGATCTCAAA
ATAGCAATTAAGTCTTGTCGCCTAGAGCTAAGTACCAAAAACAGAGAACGATGGTGCCAT
GAAATCCAGATTATGAAGAAGTTGAACCATGCCAATGTTGTAAAGGCCTGTGATGTTCCT
GAAGAATTGAATATTTTGATTCATGATGTGCCTCTTCTAGCAATGGAATACTGTTCTGGA
GGAGATCTCCGAAAGCTGCTCAACAAACCAGAAAATTGTTGTGGACTTAAAGAAAGCCAG
ATACTTTCTTTACTAAGTGATATAGGGTCTGGGATTCGATATTTGCATGAAAACAAAATT
ATACATCGAGATCTAAAACCTGAAAACATAGTTCTTCAGGATGTTGGTGGAAAGATAATA
CATAAAATAATTGATCTGGGATATGCCAAAGATGTTGATCAAGGAAGTCTGTGTACATCT
TTTGTGGGAACACTGCAGTATCTGGCCCCAGAGCTCTTTGAGAATAAGCCTTACACAGCC
ACTGTTGATTATTGGAGCTTTGGGACCATGGTATTTGAATGTATTGCTGGATATAGGCCT
TTTTTGCATCATCTGCAGCCATTTACCTGGCATGAGAAGATTAAGAAGAAGGATCCAAAG
TGTATATTTGCATGTGAAGAGATGTCAGGAGAAGTTCGGTTTAGTAGCCATTTACCTCAA
CCAAATAGCCTTTGTAGTTTAATAGTAGAACCCATGGAAAACTGGCTACAGTTGATGTTG
AATTGGGACCCTCAGCAGAGAGGAGGACCTGTTGACCTTACTTTGAAGCAGCCAAGATGT
TTTGTATTAATGGATCACATTTTGAATTTGAAGATAGTACACATCCTAAATATGACTTCT
GCAAAGATAATTTCTTTTCTGTTACCACCTGATGAAAGTCTTCATTCACTACAGTCTCGT
ATTGAGCGTGAAACTGGAATAAATACTGGTTCTCAAGAACTTCTTTCAGAGACAGGAATT
TCTCTGGATCCTCGGAAACCAGCCTCTCAATGTGTTCTAGATGGAGTTAGAGGCTGTGAT
AGCTATATGGTTTATTTGTTTGATAAAAGTAAAACTGTATATGAAGGGCCATTTGCTTCC
AGAAGTTTATCTGATTGTGTAAATTATATTGTACAGGACAGCAAAATACAGCTTCCAATT
ATACAGCTGCGTAAAGTGTGGGCTGAAGCAGTGCACTATGTGTCTGGACTAAAAGAAGAC
TATAGCAGGCTCTTTCAGGGACAAAGGGCAGCAATGTTAAGTCTTCTTAGATATAATGCT
AACTTAACAAAAATGAAGAACACTTTGATCTCAGCATCACAACAACTGAAAGCTAAATTG
GAGTTTTTTCACAAAAGCATTCAGCTTGACTTGGAGAGATACAGCGAGCAGATGACGTAT
GGGATATCTTCAGAAAAAATGCTAAAAGCATGGAAAGAAATGGAAGAAAAGGCCATCCAC
TATGCTGAGGTTGGTGTCATTGGATACCTGGAGGATCAGATTATGTCTTTGCATGCTGAA
ATCATGGAGCTACAGAAGAGCCCCTATGGAAGACGTCAGGGAGACTTGATGGAATCTCTG
GAACAGCGTGCCATTGATCTATATAAGCAGTTAAAACACAGACCTTCAGATCACTCCTAC
AGTGACAGCACAGAGATGGTGAAAATCATTGTGCACACTGTGCAGAGTCAGGACCGTGTG
CTCAAGGAGCTGTTTGGTCATTTGAGCAAGTTGTTGGGCTGTAAGCAGAAGATTATTGAT
CTACTCCCTAAGGTGGAAGTGGCCCTCAGTAATATCAAAGAAGCTGACAATACTGTCATG
TTCATGCAGGGAAAAAGGCAGAAAGAAATATGGCATCTCCTTAAAATTGCCTGTACACAG
AGTTCTGCCCGGTCCCTTGTAGGATCCAGTCTAGAAGGTGCAGTAACCCCTCAGACATCA
GCATGGCTGCCCCCGACTTCAGCAGAACATGATCATTCTCTGTCATGTGTGGTAACTCCT
CAAGATGGGGAGACTTCAGCACAAATGATAGAAGAAAATTTGAACTGCCTTGGCCATTTA
AGCACTATTATTCATGAGGCAAATGAGGAACAGGGCAATAGTATGATGAATCTTGATTGG
AGTTGGTTAACAGAATGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 745
Molecular Weight 84652.9
Theoretical pI 6.72
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence
>Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha
MERPPGLRPGAGGPWEMRERLGTGGFGNVCLYQHRELDLKIAIKSCRLELSTKNRERWCH
EIQIMKKLNHANVVKACDVPEELNILIHDVPLLAMEYCSGGDLRKLLNKPENCCGLKESQ
ILSLLSDIGSGIRYLHENKIIHRDLKPENIVLQDVGGKIIHKIIDLGYAKDVDQGSLCTS
FVGTLQYLAPELFENKPYTATVDYWSFGTMVFECIAGYRPFLHHLQPFTWHEKIKKKDPK
CIFACEEMSGEVRFSSHLPQPNSLCSLIVEPMENWLQLMLNWDPQQRGGPVDLTLKQPRC
FVLMDHILNLKIVHILNMTSAKIISFLLPPDESLHSLQSRIERETGINTGSQELLSETGI
SLDPRKPASQCVLDGVRGCDSYMVYLFDKSKTVYEGPFASRSLSDCVNYIVQDSKIQLPI
IQLRKVWAEAVHYVSGLKEDYSRLFQGQRAAMLSLLRYNANLTKMKNTLISASQQLKAKL
EFFHKSIQLDLERYSEQMTYGISSEKMLKAWKEMEEKAIHYAEVGVIGYLEDQIMSLHAE
IMELQKSPYGRRQGDLMESLEQRAIDLYKQLKHRPSDHSYSDSTEMVKIIVHTVQSQDRV
LKELFGHLSKLLGCKQKIIDLLPKVEVALSNIKEADNTVMFMQGKRQKEIWHLLKIACTQ
SSARSLVGSSLEGAVTPQTSAWLPPTSAEHDHSLSCVVTPQDGETSAQMIEENLNCLGHL
STIIHEANEEQGNSMMNLDWSWLTE
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15111
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name IKKA_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID AF012890
GeneCard ID CHUK
GenAtlas ID CHUK
HGNC ID HGNC:1974
References
General References
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  4. Witherow DS, Garrison TR, Miller WE, Lefkowitz RJ: beta-Arrestin inhibits NF-kappaB activity by means of its interaction with the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 8;101(23):8603-7. Epub 2004 Jun 1. [PubMed:15173580 ]
  5. Mercurio F, Zhu H, Murray BW, Shevchenko A, Bennett BL, Li J, Young DB, Barbosa M, Mann M, Manning A, Rao A: IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF-kappaB activation. Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):860-6. [PubMed:9346484 ]
  6. Hu MC, Wang Y: IkappaB kinase-alpha and -beta genes are coexpressed in adult and embryonic tissues but localized to different human chromosomes. Gene. 1998 Nov 5;222(1):31-40. [PubMed:9813230 ]
  7. Mittal R, Peak-Chew SY, McMahon HT: Acetylation of MEK2 and I kappa B kinase (IKK) activation loop residues by YopJ inhibits signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 5;103(49):18574-9. Epub 2006 Nov 20. [PubMed:17116858 ]
  8. Nemoto S, DiDonato JA, Lin A: Coordinate regulation of IkappaB kinases by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Dec;18(12):7336-43. [PubMed:9819420 ]
  9. Cohen L, Henzel WJ, Baeuerle PA: IKAP is a scaffold protein of the IkappaB kinase complex. Nature. 1998 Sep 17;395(6699):292-6. [PubMed:9751059 ]
  10. Delhase M, Hayakawa M, Chen Y, Karin M: Positive and negative regulation of IkappaB kinase activity through IKKbeta subunit phosphorylation. Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):309-13. [PubMed:10195894 ]
  11. Jobin C, Sartor RB: The I kappa B/NF-kappa B system: a key determinant of mucosalinflammation and protection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):C451-62. [PubMed:10712233 ]
  12. Tegethoff S, Behlke J, Scheidereit C: Tetrameric oligomerization of IkappaB kinase gamma (IKKgamma) is obligatory for IKK complex activity and NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar;23(6):2029-41. [PubMed:12612076 ]
  13. Bruey JM, Bruey-Sedano N, Newman R, Chandler S, Stehlik C, Reed JC: PAN1/NALP2/PYPAF2, an inducible inflammatory mediator that regulates NF-kappaB and caspase-1 activation in macrophages. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 10;279(50):51897-907. Epub 2004 Sep 28. [PubMed:15456791 ]
  14. Meylan E, Curran J, Hofmann K, Moradpour D, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Tschopp J: Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2005 Oct 20;437(7062):1167-72. Epub 2005 Sep 21. [PubMed:16177806 ]
  15. Cui J, Zhu L, Xia X, Wang HY, Legras X, Hong J, Ji J, Shen P, Zheng S, Chen ZJ, Wang RF: NLRC5 negatively regulates the NF-kappaB and type I interferon signaling pathways. Cell. 2010 Apr 30;141(3):483-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.040. [PubMed:20434986 ]
  16. Regnier CH, Song HY, Gao X, Goeddel DV, Cao Z, Rothe M: Identification and characterization of an IkappaB kinase. Cell. 1997 Jul 25;90(2):373-83. [PubMed:9244310 ]
  17. DiDonato JA, Hayakawa M, Rothwarf DM, Zandi E, Karin M: A cytokine-responsive IkappaB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Nature. 1997 Aug 7;388(6642):548-54. [PubMed:9252186 ]
  18. Connelly MA, Marcu KB: CHUK, a new member of the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper families of interacting proteins, contains a serine-threonine kinase catalytic domain. Cell Mol Biol Res. 1995;41(6):537-49. [PubMed:8777433 ]
  19. Ling L, Cao Z, Goeddel DV: NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activates IKK-alpha by phosphorylation of Ser-176. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 31;95(7):3792-7. [PubMed:9520446 ]
  20. Ozes ON, Mayo LD, Gustin JA, Pfeffer SR, Pfeffer LM, Donner DB: NF-kappaB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine-threonine kinase. Nature. 1999 Sep 2;401(6748):82-5. [PubMed:10485710 ]
  21. Yamamoto Y, Verma UN, Prajapati S, Kwak YT, Gaynor RB: Histone H3 phosphorylation by IKK-alpha is critical for cytokine-induced gene expression. Nature. 2003 Jun 5;423(6940):655-9. [PubMed:12789342 ]