Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02101
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 7583
Name Multidrug resistance protein 1
Synonyms
  1. ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1
  2. CD243 antigen
  3. P-glycoprotein 1
Gene Name ABCB1
Protein Type Transporter
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in ATP binding
Specific Function Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Pathways
  • Acetaminophen Metabolism Pathway
  • Clopidogrel Action Pathway
  • Clopidogrel Metabolism Pathway
  • Docetaxel Action Pathway
  • Doxorubicin Metabolism Pathway
  • Erlotinib Action Pathway
  • Etoposide Action Pathway
  • Etoposide Metabolism Pathway
  • Irinotecan Action Pathway
  • Irinotecan Metabolism Pathway
  • Lamivudine Metabolism Pathway
  • Mycophenolic Acid Metabolism Pathway
  • Paclitaxel Action Pathway
  • Venlafaxine Metabolism Pathway
  • Vinblastine Action Pathway
  • Vincristine Action Pathway
  • Vindesine Action Pathway
  • Vinorelbine Action Pathway
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Component
cell part
membrane part
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Function
active transmembrane transporter activity
primary active transmembrane transporter activity
p-p-bond-hydrolysis-driven transmembrane transporter activity
atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
binding
nucleotide binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
transmembrane transporter activity
atpase activity
transporter activity
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
pyrophosphatase activity
Process
establishment of localization
transport
transmembrane transport
Cellular Location
  1. Membrane
  2. Multi-pass membrane protein
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:7
Locus 7q21.12
SNPs ABCB1
Gene Sequence
>3843 bp
ATGGATCTTGAAGGGGACCGCAATGGAGGAGCAAAGAAGAAGAACTTTTTTAAACTGAAC
AATAAAAGTGAAAAAGATAAGAAGGAAAAGAAACCAACTGTCAGTGTATTTTCAATGTTT
CGCTATTCAAATTGGCTTGACAAGTTGTATATGGTGGTGGGAACTTTGGCTGCCATCATC
CATGGGGCTGGACTTCCTCTCATGATGCTGGTGTTTGGAGAAATGACAGATATCTTTGCA
AATGCAGGAAATTTAGAAGATCTGATGTCAAACATCACTAATAGAAGTGATATCAATGAT
ACAGGGTTCTTCATGAATCTGGAGGAAGACATGACCAGGTATGCCTATTATTACAGTGGA
ATTGGTGCTGGGGTGCTGGTTGCTGCTTACATTCAGGTTTCATTTTGGTGCCTGGCAGCT
GGAAGACAAATACACAAAATTAGAAAACAGTTTTTTCATGCTATAATGCGACAGGAGATA
GGCTGGTTTGATGTGCACGATGTTGGGGAGCTTAACACCCGACTTACAGATGATGTCTCC
AAGATTAATGAAGGAATTGGTGACAAAATTGGAATGTTCTTTCAGTCAATGGCAACATTT
TTCACTGGGTTTATAGTAGGATTTACACGTGGTTGGAAGCTAACCCTTGTGATTTTGGCC
ATCAGTCCTGTTCTTGGACTGTCAGCTGCTGTCTGGGCAAAGATACTATCTTCATTTACT
GATAAAGAACTCTTAGCGTATGCAAAAGCTGGAGCAGTAGCTGAAGAGGTCTTGGCAGCA
ATTAGAACTGTGATTGCATTTGGAGGACAAAAGAAAGAACTTGAAAGGTACAACAAAAAT
TTAGAAGAAGCTAAAAGAATTGGGATAAAGAAAGCTATTACAGCCAATATTTCTATAGGT
GCTGCTTTCCTGCTGATCTATGCATCTTATGCTCTGGCCTTCTGGTATGGGACCACCTTG
GTCCTCTCAGGGGAATATTCTATTGGACAAGTACTCACTGTATTCTTTTCTGTATTAATT
GGGGCTTTTAGTGTTGGACAGGCATCTCCAAGCATTGAAGCATTTGCAAATGCAAGAGGA
GCAGCTTATGAAATCTTCAAGATAATTGATAATAAGCCAAGTATTGACAGCTATTCGAAG
AGTGGGCACAAACCAGATAATATTAAGGGAAATTTGGAATTCAGAAATGTTCACTTCAGT
TACCCATCTCGAAAAGAAGTTAAGATCTTGAAGGGTCTGAACCTGAAGGTGCAGAGTGGG
CAGACGGTGGCCCTGGTTGGAAACAGTGGCTGTGGGAAGAGCACAACAGTCCAGCTGATG
CAGAGGCTCTATGACCCCACAGAGGGGATGGTCAGTGTTGATGGACAGGATATTAGGACC
ATAAATGTAAGGTTTCTACGGGAAATCATTGGTGTGGTGAGTCAGGAACCTGTATTGTTT
GCCACCACGATAGCTGAAAACATTCGCTATGGCCGTGAAAATGTCACCATGGATGAGATT
GAGAAAGCTGTCAAGGAAGCCAATGCCTATGACTTTATCATGAAACTGCCTCATAAATTT
GACACCCTGGTTGGAGAGAGAGGGGCCCAGTTGAGTGGTGGGCAGAAGCAGAGGATCGCC
ATTGCACGTGCCCTGGTTCGCAACCCCAAGATCCTCCTGCTGGATGAGGCCACGTCAGCC
TTGGACACAGAAAGCGAAGCAGTGGTTCAGGTGGCTCTGGATAAGGCCAGAAAAGGTCGG
ACCACCATTGTGATAGCTCATCGTTTGTCTACAGTTCGTAATGCTGACGTCATCGCTGGT
TTCGATGATGGAGTCATTGTGGAGAAAGGAAATCATGATGAACTCATGAAAGAGAAAGGC
ATTTACTTCAAACTTGTCACAATGCAGACAGCAGGAAATGAAGTTGAATTAGAAAATGCA
GCTGATGAATCCAAAAGTGAAATTGATGCCTTGGAAATGTCTTCAAATGATTCAAGATCC
AGTCTAATAAGAAAAAGATCAACTCGTAGGAGTGTCCGTGGATCACAAGCCCAAGACAGA
AAGCTTAGTACCAAAGAGGCTCTGGATGAAAGTATACCTCCAGTTTCCTTTTGGAGGATT
ATGAAGCTAAATTTAACTGAATGGCCTTATTTTGTTGTTGGTGTATTTTGTGCCATTATA
AATGGAGGCCTGCAACCAGCATTTGCAATAATATTTTCAAAGATTATAGGGGTTTTTACA
AGAATTGATGATCCTGAAACAAAACGACAGAATAGTAACTTGTTTTCACTATTGTTTCTA
GCCCTTGGAATTATTTCTTTTATTACATTTTTCCTTCAGGGTTTCACATTTGGCAAAGCT
GGAGAGATCCTCACCAAGCGGCTCCGATACATGGTTTTCCGATCCATGCTCAGACAGGAT
GTGAGTTGGTTTGATGACCCTAAAAACACCACTGGAGCATTGACTACCAGGCTCGCCAAT
GATGCTGCTCAAGTTAAAGGGGCTATAGGTTCCAGGCTTGCTGTAATTACCCAGAATATA
GCAAATCTTGGGACAGGAATAATTATATCCTTCATCTATGGTTGGCAACTAACACTGTTA
CTCTTAGCAATTGTACCCATCATTGCAATAGCAGGAGTTGTTGAAATGAAAATGTTGTCT
GGACAAGCACTGAAAGATAAGAAAGAACTAGAAGGTTCTGGGAAGATCGCTACTGAAGCA
ATAGAAAACTTCCGAACCGTTGTTTCTTTGACTCAGGAGCAGAAGTTTGAACATATGTAT
GCTCAGAGTTTGCAGGTACCATACAGAAACTCTTTGAGGAAAGCACACATCTTTGGAATT
ACATTTTCCTTCACCCAGGCAATGATGTATTTTTCCTATGCTGGATGTTTCCGGTTTGGA
GCCTACTTGGTGGCACATAAACTCATGAGCTTTGAGGATGTTCTGTTAGTATTTTCAGCT
GTTGTCTTTGGTGCCATGGCCGTGGGGCAAGTCAGTTCATTTGCTCCTGACTATGCCAAA
GCCAAAATATCAGCAGCCCACATCATCATGATCATTGAAAAAACCCCTTTGATTGACAGC
TACAGCACGGAAGGCCTAATGCCGAACACATTGGAAGGAAATGTCACATTTGGTGAAGTT
GTATTCAACTATCCCACCCGACCGGACATCCCAGTGCTTCAGGGACTGAGCCTGGAGGTG
AAGAAGGGCCAGACGCTGGCTCTGGTGGGCAGCAGTGGCTGTGGGAAGAGCACAGTGGTC
CAGCTCCTGGAGCGGTTCTACGACCCCTTGGCAGGGAAAGTGCTGCTTGATGGCAAAGAA
ATAAAGCGACTGAATGTTCAGTGGCTCCGAGCACACCTGGGCATCGTGTCCCAGGAGCCC
ATCCTGTTTGACTGCAGCATTGCTGAGAACATTGCCTATGGAGACAACAGCCGGGTGGTG
TCACAGGAAGAGATTGTGAGGGCAGCAAAGGAGGCCAACATACATGCCTTCATCGAGTCA
CTGCCTAATAAATATAGCACTAAAGTAGGAGACAAAGGAACTCAGCTCTCTGGTGGCCAG
AAACAACGCATTGCCATAGCTCGTGCCCTTGTTAGACAGCCTCATATTTTGCTTTTGGAT
GAAGCCACGTCAGCTCTGGATACAGAAAGTGAAAAGGTTGTCCAAGAAGCCCTGGACAAA
GCCAGAGAAGGCCGCACCTGCATTGTGATTGCTCACCGCCTGTCCACCATCCAGAATGCA
GACTTAATAGTGGTGTTTCAGAATGGCAGAGTCAAGGAGCATGGCACGCATCAGCAGCTG
CTGGCACAGAAAGGCATCTATTTTTCAATGGTCAGTGTCCAGGCTGGAACAAAGCGCCAG
TGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 1280
Molecular Weight 141477.3
Theoretical pI 9.44
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • 52-72
  • 120-140
  • 189-209
  • 216-236
  • 297-317
  • 326-346
  • 711-731
  • 757-777
  • 833-853
  • 854-874
  • 937-957
  • 974-994
Protein Sequence
>Multidrug resistance protein 1
MDLEGDRNGGAKKKNFFKLNNKSEKDKKEKKPTVSVFSMFRYSNWLDKLYMVVGTLAAII
HGAGLPLMMLVFGEMTDIFANAGNLEDLMSNITNRSDINDTGFFMNLEEDMTRYAYYYSG
IGAGVLVAAYIQVSFWCLAAGRQIHKIRKQFFHAIMRQEIGWFDVHDVGELNTRLTDDVS
KINEGIGDKIGMFFQSMATFFTGFIVGFTRGWKLTLVILAISPVLGLSAAVWAKILSSFT
DKELLAYAKAGAVAEEVLAAIRTVIAFGGQKKELERYNKNLEEAKRIGIKKAITANISIG
AAFLLIYASYALAFWYGTTLVLSGEYSIGQVLTVFFSVLIGAFSVGQASPSIEAFANARG
AAYEIFKIIDNKPSIDSYSKSGHKPDNIKGNLEFRNVHFSYPSRKEVKILKGLNLKVQSG
QTVALVGNSGCGKSTTVQLMQRLYDPTEGMVSVDGQDIRTINVRFLREIIGVVSQEPVLF
ATTIAENIRYGRENVTMDEIEKAVKEANAYDFIMKLPHKFDTLVGERGAQLSGGQKQRIA
IARALVRNPKILLLDEATSALDTESEAVVQVALDKARKGRTTIVIAHRLSTVRNADVIAG
FDDGVIVEKGNHDELMKEKGIYFKLVTMQTAGNEVELENAADESKSEIDALEMSSNDSRS
SLIRKRSTRRSVRGSQAQDRKLSTKEALDESIPPVSFWRIMKLNLTEWPYFVVGVFCAII
NGGLQPAFAIIFSKIIGVFTRIDDPETKRQNSNLFSLLFLALGIISFITFFLQGFTFGKA
GEILTKRLRYMVFRSMLRQDVSWFDDPKNTTGALTTRLANDAAQVKGAIGSRLAVITQNI
ANLGTGIIISFIYGWQLTLLLLAIVPIIAIAGVVEMKMLSGQALKDKKELEGSGKIATEA
IENFRTVVSLTQEQKFEHMYAQSLQVPYRNSLRKAHIFGITFSFTQAMMYFSYAGCFRFG
AYLVAHKLMSFEDVLLVFSAVVFGAMAVGQVSSFAPDYAKAKISAAHIIMIIEKTPLIDS
YSTEGLMPNTLEGNVTFGEVVFNYPTRPDIPVLQGLSLEVKKGQTLALVGSSGCGKSTVV
QLLERFYDPLAGKVLLDGKEIKRLNVQWLRAHLGIVSQEPILFDCSIAENIAYGDNSRVV
SQEEIVRAAKEANIHAFIESLPNKYSTKVGDKGTQLSGGQKQRIAIARALVRQPHILLLD
EATSALDTESEKVVQEALDKAREGRTCIVIAHRLSTIQNADLIVVFQNGRVKEHGTHQQL
LAQKGIYFSMVSVQAGTKRQ
GenBank ID Protein 42741659
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08183
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MDR1_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID NM_000927.3
GeneCard ID ABCB1
GenAtlas ID ABCB1
HGNC ID HGNC:40
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed:16959974 ]
  3. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed:12853948 ]
  4. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Miura Y, Ogawa C, Kawauchi S, Higuchi S, Nakamura Y: Three hundred twenty-six genetic variations in genes encoding nine members of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (ABCB/MDR/TAP), in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet. 2002;47(1):38-50. [PubMed:11829140 ]
  5. Chen CJ, Chin JE, Ueda K, Clark DP, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Roninson IB: Internal duplication and homology with bacterial transport proteins in the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene from multidrug-resistant human cells. Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):381-9. [PubMed:2876781 ]
  6. Chen CJ, Clark D, Ueda K, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Roninson IB: Genomic organization of the human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and origin of P-glycoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jan 5;265(1):506-14. [PubMed:1967175 ]
  7. Chen G, Duran GE, Steger KA, Lacayo NJ, Jaffrezou JP, Dumontet C, Sikic BI: Multidrug-resistant human sarcoma cells with a mutant P-glycoprotein, altered phenotype, and resistance to cyclosporins. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5974-82. [PubMed:9038218 ]
  8. Gekeler V, Weger S, Probst H: mdr1/P-glycoprotein gene segments analyzed from various human leukemic cell lines exhibiting different multidrug resistance profiles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jun 15;169(2):796-802. [PubMed:1972623 ]
  9. Kioka N, Tsubota J, Kakehi Y, Komano T, Gottesman MM, Pastan I, Ueda K: P-glycoprotein gene (MDR1) cDNA from human adrenal: normal P-glycoprotein carries Gly185 with an altered pattern of multidrug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jul 14;162(1):224-31. [PubMed:2568832 ]
  10. Kerb R, Hoffmeyer S, Brinkmann U: ABC drug transporters: hereditary polymorphisms and pharmacological impact in MDR1, MRP1 and MRP2. Pharmacogenomics. 2001 Feb;2(1):51-64. [PubMed:11258197 ]
  11. Begley GS, Horvath AR, Taylor JC, Higgins CF: Cytoplasmic domains of the transporter associated with antigen processing and P-glycoprotein interact with subunits of the proteasome. Mol Immunol. 2005 Jan;42(1):137-41. [PubMed:15488952 ]
  12. Choi KH, Chen CJ, Kriegler M, Roninson IB: An altered pattern of cross-resistance in multidrug-resistant human cells results from spontaneous mutations in the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene. Cell. 1988 May 20;53(4):519-29. [PubMed:2897240 ]
  13. Mickley LA, Lee JS, Weng Z, Zhan Z, Alvarez M, Wilson W, Bates SE, Fojo T: Genetic polymorphism in MDR-1: a tool for examining allelic expression in normal cells, unselected and drug-selected cell lines, and human tumors. Blood. 1998 Mar 1;91(5):1749-56. [PubMed:9473242 ]
  14. Decleves X, Chevillard S, Charpentier C, Vielh P, Laplanche JL: A new polymorphism (N21D) in the exon 2 of the human MDR1 gene encoding the P-glycoprotein. Hum Mutat. 2000 May;15(5):486. [PubMed:10790226 ]
  15. Hoffmeyer S, Burk O, von Richter O, Arnold HP, Brockmoller J, Johne A, Cascorbi I, Gerloff T, Roots I, Eichelbaum M, Brinkmann U: Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3473-8. [PubMed:10716719 ]
  16. Cascorbi I, Gerloff T, Johne A, Meisel C, Hoffmeyer S, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E, Eichelbaum M, Brinkmann U, Roots I: Frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P-glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene in white subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Mar;69(3):169-74. [PubMed:11240981 ]
  17. Honda T, Dan Y, Koyabu N, Ieiri I, Otsubo K, Higuchi S, Ohtani H, Sawada Y: Polymorphism of MDR1 gene in healthy japanese subjects: a novel SNP with an amino acid substitution (Glu108Lys). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(5):479-81. [PubMed:15618700 ]
  18. Itoda M, Saito Y, Komamura K, Ueno K, Kamakura S, Ozawa S, Sawada J: Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB1/MDR1 among Japanese patients with ventricular tachycardia who were administered amiodarone. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(6):566-71. [PubMed:15618713 ]
  19. Brant SR, Panhuysen CI, Nicolae D, Reddy DM, Bonen DK, Karaliukas R, Zhang L, Swanson E, Datta LW, Moran T, Ravenhill G, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Karban AS, Cho JH: MDR1 Ala893 polymorphism is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Dec;73(6):1282-92. Epub 2003 Nov 7. [PubMed:14610718 ]