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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02121
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 7603
Name Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Synonyms
  1. ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7
  2. CFTR
  3. Channel conductance-controlling ATPase
  4. cAMP-dependent chloride channel
Gene Name CFTR
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in ATP binding
Specific Function Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO1.
Pathways
  • ABC transporters
  • Bile secretion
  • Gastric acid secretion
  • Pancreatic secretion
  • Vibrio cholerae infection
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Water → ADP + Phosphate details
GO Classification
Biological Process
cellular response to hormone stimulus
cholesterol biosynthetic process
cholesterol transport
iodide transport
positive regulation of vasodilation
respiratory gaseous exchange
transepithelial chloride transport
vasodilation
response to drug
response to peptide hormone stimulus
bicarbonate transport
lung development
response to cytokine stimulus
water transport
response to estrogen stimulus
Cellular Component
chloride channel complex
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
early endosome
early endosome membrane
basolateral plasma membrane
microvillus
apical plasma membrane
protein complex
Component
membrane
cell part
membrane part
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Function
active transmembrane transporter activity
primary active transmembrane transporter activity
p-p-bond-hydrolysis-driven transmembrane transporter activity
atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
binding
nucleotide binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
anion channel activity
chloride channel activity
transmembrane transporter activity
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
ion transmembrane transporter activity
atpase activity
transporter activity
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
ion channel activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
pyrophosphatase activity
Molecular Function
ATP-binding and phosphorylation-dependent chloride channel activity
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase activity
chloride channel inhibitor activity
ATP binding
PDZ domain binding
Process
establishment of localization
transport
transmembrane transport
ion transport
Cellular Location
  1. Multi-pass membrane protein
  2. Early endosome membrane
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 7
Locus 7q31.2
SNPs CFTR
Gene Sequence
>4443 bp
ATGCAGAGGTCGCCTCTGGAAAAGGCCAGCGTTGTCTCCAAACTTTTTTTCAGCTGGACC
AGACCAATTTTGAGGAAAGGATACAGACAGCGCCTGGAATTGTCAGACATATACCAAATC
CCTTCTGTTGATTCTGCTGACAATCTATCTGAAAAATTGGAAAGAGAATGGGATAGAGAG
CTGGCTTCAAAGAAAAATCCTAAACTCATTAATGCCCTTCGGCGATGTTTTTTCTGGAGA
TTTATGTTCTATGGAATCTTTTTATATTTAGGGGAAGTCACCAAAGCAGTACAGCCTCTC
TTACTGGGAAGAATCATAGCTTCCTATGACCCGGATAACAAGGAGGAACGCTCTATCGCG
ATTTATCTAGGCATAGGCTTATGCCTTCTCTTTATTGTGAGGACACTGCTCCTACACCCA
GCCATTTTTGGCCTTCATCACATTGGAATGCAGATGAGAATAGCTATGTTTAGTTTGATT
TATAAGAAGACTTTAAAGCTGTCAAGCCGTGTTCTAGATAAAATAAGTATTGGACAACTT
GTTAGTCTCCTTTCCAACAACCTGAACAAATTTGATGAAGGACTTGCATTGGCACATTTC
GTGTGGATCGCTCCTTTGCAAGTGGCACTCCTCATGGGGCTAATCTGGGAGTTGTTACAG
GCGTCTGCCTTCTGTGGACTTGGTTTCCTGATAGTCCTTGCCCTTTTTCAGGCTGGGCTA
GGGAGAATGATGATGAAGTACAGAGATCAGAGAGCTGGGAAGATCAGTGAAAGACTTGTG
ATTACCTCAGAAATGATTGAAAATATCCAATCTGTTAAGGCATACTGCTGGGAAGAAGCA
ATGGAAAAAATGATTGAAAACTTAAGACAAACAGAACTGAAACTGACTCGGAAGGCAGCC
TATGTGAGATACTTCAATAGCTCAGCCTTCTTCTTCTCAGGGTTCTTTGTGGTGTTTTTA
TCTGTGCTTCCCTATGCACTAATCAAAGGAATCATCCTCCGGAAAATATTCACCACCATC
TCATTCTGCATTGTTCTGCGCATGGCGGTCACTCGGCAATTTCCCTGGGCTGTACAAACA
TGGTATGACTCTCTTGGAGCAATAAACAAAATACAGGATTTCTTACAAAAGCAAGAATAT
AAGACATTGGAATATAACTTAACGACTACAGAAGTAGTGATGGAGAATGTAACAGCCTTC
TGGGAGGAGGGATTTGGGGAATTATTTGAGAAAGCAAAACAAAACAATAACAATAGAAAA
ACTTCTAATGGTGATGACAGCCTCTTCTTCAGTAATTTCTCACTTCTTGGTACTCCTGTC
CTGAAAGATATTAATTTCAAGATAGAAAGAGGACAGTTGTTGGCGGTTGCTGGATCCACT
GGAGCAGGCAAGACTTCACTTCTAATGGTGATTATGGGAGAACTGGAGCCTTCAGAGGGT
AAAATTAAGCACAGTGGAAGAATTTCATTCTGTTCTCAGTTTTCCTGGATTATGCCTGGC
ACCATTAAAGAAAATATCATCTTTGGTGTTTCCTATGATGAATATAGATACAGAAGCGTC
ATCAAAGCATGCCAACTAGAAGAGGACATCTCCAAGTTTGCAGAGAAAGACAATATAGTT
CTTGGAGAAGGTGGAATCACACTGAGTGGAGGTCAACGAGCAAGAATTTCTTTAGCAAGA
GCAGTATACAAAGATGCTGATTTGTATTTATTAGACTCTCCTTTTGGATACCTAGATGTT
TTAACAGAAAAAGAAATATTTGAAAGCTGTGTCTGTAAACTGATGGCTAACAAAACTAGG
ATTTTGGTCACTTCTAAAATGGAACATTTAAAGAAAGCTGACAAAATATTAATTTTGCAT
GAAGGTAGCAGCTATTTTTATGGGACATTTTCAGAACTCCAAAATCTACAGCCAGACTTT
AGCTCAAAACTCATGGGATGTGATTCTTTCGACCAATTTAGTGCAGAAAGAAGAAATTCA
ATCCTAACTGAGACCTTACACCGTTTCTCATTAGAAGGAGATGCTCCTGTCTCCTGGACA
GAAACAAAAAAACAATCTTTTAAACAGACTGGAGAGTTTGGGGAAAAAAGGAAGAATTCT
ATTCTCAATCCAATCAACTCTATACGAAAATTTTCCATTGTGCAAAAGACTCCCTTACAA
ATGAATGGCATCGAAGAGGATTCTGATGAGCCTTTAGAGAGAAGGCTGTCCTTAGTACCA
GATTCTGAGCAGGGAGAGGCGATACTGCCTCGCATCAGCGTGATCAGCACTGGCCCCACG
CTTCAGGCACGAAGGAGGCAGTCTGTCCTGAACCTGATGACACACTCAGTTAACCAAGGT
CAGAACATTCACCGAAAGACAACAGCATCCACACGAAAAGTGTCACTGGCCCCTCAGGCA
AACTTGACTGAACTGGATATATATTCAAGAAGGTTATCTCAAGAAACTGGCTTGGAAATA
AGTGAAGAAATTAACGAAGAAGACTTAAAGGAGTGCTTTTTTGATGATATGGAGAGCATA
CCAGCAGTGACTACATGGAACACATACCTTCGATATATTACTGTCCACAAGAGCTTAATT
TTTGTGCTAATTTGGTGCTTAGTAATTTTTCTGGCAGAGGTGGCTGCTTCTTTGGTTGTG
CTGTGGCTCCTTGGAAACACTCCTCTTCAAGACAAAGGGAATAGTACTCATAGTAGAAAT
AACAGCTATGCAGTGATTATCACCAGCACCAGTTCGTATTATGTGTTTTACATTTACGTG
GGAGTAGCCGACACTTTGCTTGCTATGGGATTCTTCAGAGGTCTACCACTGGTGCATACT
CTAATCACAGTGTCGAAAATTTTACACCACAAAATGTTACATTCTGTTCTTCAAGCACCT
ATGTCAACCCTCAACACGTTGAAAGCAGGTGGGATTCTTAATAGATTCTCCAAAGATATA
GCAATTTTGGATGACCTTCTGCCTCTTACCATATTTGACTTCATCCAGTTGTTATTAATT
GTGATTGGAGCTATAGCAGTTGTCGCAGTTTTACAACCCTACATCTTTGTTGCAACAGTG
CCAGTGATAGTGGCTTTTATTATGTTGAGAGCATATTTCCTCCAAACCTCACAGCAACTC
AAACAACTGGAATCTGAAGGCAGGAGTCCAATTTTCACTCATCTTGTTACAAGCTTAAAA
GGACTATGGACACTTCGTGCCTTCGGACGGCAGCCTTACTTTGAAACTCTGTTCCACAAA
GCTCTGAATTTACATACTGCCAACTGGTTCTTGTACCTGTCAACACTGCGCTGGTTCCAA
ATGAGAATAGAAATGATTTTTGTCATCTTCTTCATTGCTGTTACCTTCATTTCCATTTTA
ACAACAGGAGAAGGAGAAGGAAGAGTTGGTATTATCCTGACTTTAGCCATGAATATCATG
AGTACATTGCAGTGGGCTGTAAACTCCAGCATAGATGTGGATAGCTTGATGCGATCTGTG
AGCCGAGTCTTTAAGTTCATTGACATGCCAACAGAAGGTAAACCTACCAAGTCAACCAAA
CCATACAAGAATGGCCAACTCTCGAAAGTTATGATTATTGAGAATTCACACGTGAAGAAA
GATGACATCTGGCCCTCAGGGGGCCAAATGACTGTCAAAGATCTCACAGCAAAATACACA
GAAGGTGGAAATGCCATATTAGAGAACATTTCCTTCTCAATAAGTCCTGGCCAGAGGGTG
GGCCTCTTGGGAAGAACTGGATCAGGGAAGAGTACTTTGTTATCAGCTTTTTTGAGACTA
CTGAACACTGAAGGAGAAATCCAGATCGATGGTGTGTCTTGGGATTCAATAACTTTGCAA
CAGTGGAGGAAAGCCTTTGGAGTGATACCACAGAAAGTATTTATTTTTTCTGGAACATTT
AGAAAAAACTTGGATCCCTATGAACAGTGGAGTGATCAAGAAATATGGAAAGTTGCAGAT
GAGGTTGGGCTCAGATCTGTGATAGAACAGTTTCCTGGGAAGCTTGACTTTGTCCTTGTG
GATGGGGGCTGTGTCCTAAGCCATGGCCACAAGCAGTTGATGTGCTTGGCTAGATCTGTT
CTCAGTAAGGCGAAGATCTTGCTGCTTGATGAACCCAGTGCTCATTTGGATCCAGTAACA
TACCAAATAATTAGAAGAACTCTAAAACAAGCATTTGCTGATTGCACAGTAATTCTCTGT
GAACACAGGATAGAAGCAATGCTGGAATGCCAACAATTTTTGGTCATAGAAGAGAACAAA
GTGCGGCAGTACGATTCCATCCAGAAACTGCTGAACGAGAGGAGCCTCTTCCGGCAAGCC
ATCAGCCCCTCCGACAGGGTGAAGCTCTTTCCCCACCGGAACTCAAGCAAGTGCAAGTCT
AAGCCCCAGATTGCTGCTCTGAAAGAGGAGACAGAAGAAGAGGTGCAAGATACAAGGCTT
TAG
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 1480
Molecular Weight 168139.895
Theoretical pI 8.738
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
MQRSPLEKASVVSKLFFSWTRPILRKGYRQRLELSDIYQIPSVDSADNLSEKLEREWDRE
LASKKNPKLINALRRCFFWRFMFYGIFLYLGEVTKAVQPLLLGRIIASYDPDNKEERSIA
IYLGIGLCLLFIVRTLLLHPAIFGLHHIGMQMRIAMFSLIYKKTLKLSSRVLDKISIGQL
VSLLSNNLNKFDEGLALAHFVWIAPLQVALLMGLIWELLQASAFCGLGFLIVLALFQAGL
GRMMMKYRDQRAGKISERLVITSEMIENIQSVKAYCWEEAMEKMIENLRQTELKLTRKAA
YVRYFNSSAFFFSGFFVVFLSVLPYALIKGIILRKIFTTISFCIVLRMAVTRQFPWAVQT
WYDSLGAINKIQDFLQKQEYKTLEYNLTTTEVVMENVTAFWEEGFGELFEKAKQNNNNRK
TSNGDDSLFFSNFSLLGTPVLKDINFKIERGQLLAVAGSTGAGKTSLLMVIMGELEPSEG
KIKHSGRISFCSQFSWIMPGTIKENIIFGVSYDEYRYRSVIKACQLEEDISKFAEKDNIV
LGEGGITLSGGQRARISLARAVYKDADLYLLDSPFGYLDVLTEKEIFESCVCKLMANKTR
ILVTSKMEHLKKADKILILHEGSSYFYGTFSELQNLQPDFSSKLMGCDSFDQFSAERRNS
ILTETLHRFSLEGDAPVSWTETKKQSFKQTGEFGEKRKNSILNPINSIRKFSIVQKTPLQ
MNGIEEDSDEPLERRLSLVPDSEQGEAILPRISVISTGPTLQARRRQSVLNLMTHSVNQG
QNIHRKTTASTRKVSLAPQANLTELDIYSRRLSQETGLEISEEINEEDLKECFFDDMESI
PAVTTWNTYLRYITVHKSLIFVLIWCLVIFLAEVAASLVVLWLLGNTPLQDKGNSTHSRN
NSYAVIITSTSSYYVFYIYVGVADTLLAMGFFRGLPLVHTLITVSKILHHKMLHSVLQAP
MSTLNTLKAGGILNRFSKDIAILDDLLPLTIFDFIQLLLIVIGAIAVVAVLQPYIFVATV
PVIVAFIMLRAYFLQTSQQLKQLESEGRSPIFTHLVTSLKGLWTLRAFGRQPYFETLFHK
ALNLHTANWFLYLSTLRWFQMRIEMIFVIFFIAVTFISILTTGEGEGRVGIILTLAMNIM
STLQWAVNSSIDVDSLMRSVSRVFKFIDMPTEGKPTKSTKPYKNGQLSKVMIIENSHVKK
DDIWPSGGQMTVKDLTAKYTEGGNAILENISFSISPGQRVGLLGRTGSGKSTLLSAFLRL
LNTEGEIQIDGVSWDSITLQQWRKAFGVIPQKVFIFSGTFRKNLDPYEQWSDQEIWKVAD
EVGLRSVIEQFPGKLDFVLVDGGCVLSHGHKQLMCLARSVLSKAKILLLDEPSAHLDPVT
YQIIRRTLKQAFADCTVILCEHRIEAMLECQQFLVIEENKVRQYDSIQKLLNERSLFRQA
ISPSDRVKLFPHRNSSKCKSKPQIAALKEETEEEVQDTRL
GenBank ID Protein 90421313
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P13569
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CFTR_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID NM_000492.3
GeneCard ID CFTR
GenAtlas ID CFTR
HGNC ID HGNC:1884
References
General References
  1. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. [PubMed:19413330 ]
  2. Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed:12690205 ]
  3. Wang Y, Du D, Fang L, Yang G, Zhang C, Zeng R, Ullrich A, Lottspeich F, Chen Z: Tyrosine phosphorylated Par3 regulates epithelial tight junction assembly promoted by EGFR signaling. EMBO J. 2006 Nov 1;25(21):5058-70. Epub 2006 Oct 19. [PubMed:17053785 ]
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  5. Ley TJ, Mardis ER, Ding L, Fulton B, McLellan MD, Chen K, Dooling D, Dunford-Shore BH, McGrath S, Hickenbotham M, Cook L, Abbott R, Larson DE, Koboldt DC, Pohl C, Smith S, Hawkins A, Abbott S, Locke D, Hillier LW, Miner T, Fulton L, Magrini V, Wylie T, Glasscock J, Conyers J, Sander N, Shi X, Osborne JR, Minx P, Gordon D, Chinwalla A, Zhao Y, Ries RE, Payton JE, Westervelt P, Tomasson MH, Watson M, Baty J, Ivanovich J, Heath S, Shannon WD, Nagarajan R, Walter MJ, Link DC, Graubert TA, DiPersio JF, Wilson RK: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome. Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):66-72. doi: 10.1038/nature07485. [PubMed:18987736 ]
  6. Park M, Ko SB, Choi JY, Muallem G, Thomas PJ, Pushkin A, Lee MS, Kim JY, Lee MG, Muallem S, Kurtz I: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator interacts with and regulates the activity of the HCO3- salvage transporter human Na+-HCO3- cotransport isoform 3. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 27;277(52):50503-9. Epub 2002 Oct 25. [PubMed:12403779 ]
  7. Karthikeyan S, Leung T, Ladias JA: Structural basis of the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor PDZ1 interaction with the carboxyl-terminal region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):19683-6. Epub 2001 Apr 13. [PubMed:11304524 ]
  8. Riordan JR, Rommens JM, Kerem B, Alon N, Rozmahel R, Grzelczak Z, Zielenski J, Lok S, Plavsic N, Chou JL, et al.: Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA. Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1066-73. [PubMed:2475911 ]
  9. Zielenski J, Rozmahel R, Bozon D, Kerem B, Grzelczak Z, Riordan JR, Rommens J, Tsui LC: Genomic DNA sequence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):214-28. [PubMed:1710598 ]
  10. Picciotto MR, Cohn JA, Bertuzzi G, Greengard P, Nairn AC: Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 25;267(18):12742-52. [PubMed:1377674 ]
  11. Chang XB, Hou YX, Jensen TJ, Riordan JR: Mapping of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator membrane topology by glycosylation site insertion. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 15;269(28):18572-5. [PubMed:7518437 ]
  12. Neville DC, Rozanas CR, Price EM, Gruis DB, Verkman AS, Townsend RR: Evidence for phosphorylation of serine 753 in CFTR using a novel metal-ion affinity resin and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Protein Sci. 1997 Nov;6(11):2436-45. [PubMed:9385646 ]
  13. Pagani F, Buratti E, Stuani C, Romano M, Zuccato E, Niksic M, Giglio L, Faraguna D, Baralle FE: Splicing factors induce cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator exon 9 skipping through a nonevolutionary conserved intronic element. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 14;275(28):21041-7. [PubMed:10766763 ]
  14. Cheng J, Moyer BD, Milewski M, Loffing J, Ikeda M, Mickle JE, Cutting GR, Li M, Stanton BA, Guggino WB: A Golgi-associated PDZ domain protein modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator plasma membrane expression. J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 1;277(5):3520-9. Epub 2001 Nov 13. [PubMed:11707463 ]
  15. Swiatecka-Urban A, Boyd C, Coutermarsh B, Karlson KH, Barnaby R, Aschenbrenner L, Langford GM, Hasson T, Stanton BA: Myosin VI regulates endocytosis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):38025-31. Epub 2004 Jul 9. [PubMed:15247260 ]
  16. McIntosh I, Cutting GR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the etiology and pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. FASEB J. 1992 Jul;6(10):2775-82. [PubMed:1378801 ]
  17. Aznarez I, Chan EM, Zielenski J, Blencowe BJ, Tsui LC: Characterization of disease-associated mutations affecting an exonic splicing enhancer and two cryptic splice sites in exon 13 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Aug 15;12(16):2031-40. [PubMed:12913074 ]
  18. Chappe V, Hinkson DA, Zhu T, Chang XB, Riordan JR, Hanrahan JW: Phosphorylation of protein kinase C sites in NBD1 and the R domain control CFTR channel activation by PKA. J Physiol. 2003 Apr 1;548(Pt 1):39-52. Epub 2003 Feb 14. [PubMed:12588899 ]
  19. Bomberger JM, Barnaby RL, Stanton BA: The deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 regulates the post-endocytic sorting of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 10;284(28):18778-89. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.001685. Epub 2009 Apr 27. [PubMed:19398555 ]
  20. Hoedemaeker FJ, Davidson AR, Rose DR: A model for the nucleotide-binding domains of ABC transporters based on the large domain of aspartate aminotransferase. Proteins. 1998 Feb 15;30(3):275-86. [PubMed:9517543 ]
  21. Tsui LC: Mutations and sequence variations detected in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene: a report from the Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(3):197-203. [PubMed:1284534 ]
  22. Cutting GR, Kasch LM, Rosenstein BJ, Zielenski J, Tsui LC, Antonarakis SE, Kazazian HH Jr: A cluster of cystic fibrosis mutations in the first nucleotide-binding fold of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein. Nature. 1990 Jul 26;346(6282):366-9. [PubMed:1695717 ]
  23. Kerem BS, Zielenski J, Markiewicz D, Bozon D, Gazit E, Yahav J, Kennedy D, Riordan JR, Collins FS, Rommens JM, et al.: Identification of mutations in regions corresponding to the two putative nucleotide (ATP)-binding folds of the cystic fibrosis gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8447-51. [PubMed:2236053 ]
  24. White MB, Krueger LJ, Holsclaw DS Jr, Gerrard BC, Stewart C, Quittell L, Dolganov G, Baranov V, Ivaschenko T, Kapronov NI, et al.: Detection of three rare frameshift mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene in an African-American (CF444delA), an Italian (CF2522insC), and a Soviet (CF3821delT). Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):266-9. [PubMed:1710600 ]
  25. Jones CT, McIntosh I, Keston M, Ferguson A, Brock DJ: Three novel mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene detected by chemical cleavage: analysis of variant splicing and a nonsense mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Apr;1(1):11-7. [PubMed:1284466 ]
  26. Cheadle JP, Meredith AL, al-Jader LN: A new missense mutation (R1283M) in exon 20 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 May;1(2):123-5. [PubMed:1284468 ]
  27. Lissens W, Bonduelle M, Malfroot A, Dab I, Liebaers I: A serine to proline substitution (S1255P) in the second nucleotide binding fold of the cystic fibrosis gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Sep;1(6):441-2. [PubMed:1284530 ]
  28. Shackleton S, Beards F, Harris A: Detection of novel and rare mutations in exon 4 of the cystic fibrosis gene by SSCP. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Sep;1(6):439-40. [PubMed:1284529 ]
  29. Zielenski J, Fujiwara TM, Markiewicz D, Paradis AJ, Anacleto AI, Richards B, Schwartz RH, Klinger KW, Tsui LC, Morgan K: Identification of the M1101K mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and complete detection of cystic fibrosis mutations in the Hutterite population. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Mar;52(3):609-15. [PubMed:7680525 ]
  30. Mercier B, Lissens W, Novelli G, Kalaydjieva L, De Arce M, Kapranov N, Klain NC, Lenoir G, Chauveau P, Lenaerts C, et al.: Identification of eight novel mutations in a collaborative analysis of a part of the second transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene. Genomics. 1993 Apr;16(1):296-7. [PubMed:7683628 ]
  31. Nunes V, Chillon M, Dork T, Tummler B, Casals T, Estivill X: A new missense mutation (E92K) in the first transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene causes a benign cystic fibrosis phenotype. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):79-80. [PubMed:7683954 ]
  32. Chillon M, Casals T, Nunes V, Gimenez J, Perez Ruiz E, Estivill X: Identification of a new missense mutation (P205S) in the first transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene associated with a mild cystic fibrosis phenotype. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1741-2. [PubMed:7505694 ]
  33. Gasparini P, Marigo C, Bisceglia G, Nicolis E, Zelante L, Bombieri C, Borgo G, Pignatti PF, Cabrini G: Screening of 62 mutations in a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients from north eastern Italy: their incidence and clinical features of defined genotypes. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(5):389-94. [PubMed:7504969 ]
  34. Ghanem N, Costes B, Girodon E, Martin J, Fanen P, Goossens M: Identification of eight mutations and three sequence variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Genomics. 1994 May 15;21(2):434-6. [PubMed:7522211 ]
  35. Boteva K, Papageorgiou E, Georgiou C, Angastiniotis M, Middleton LT, Constantinou-Deltas CD: Novel cystic fibrosis mutation associated with mild disease in Cypriot patients. Hum Genet. 1994 May;93(5):529-32. [PubMed:7513296 ]
  36. Dork T, Mekus F, Schmidt K, Bosshammer J, Fislage R, Heuer T, Dziadek V, Neumann T, Kalin N, Wulbrand U, et al.: Detection of more than 50 different CFTR mutations in a large group of German cystic fibrosis patients. Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;94(5):533-42. [PubMed:7525450 ]
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