Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP02641
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 8140
Name Copper-transporting ATPase 1
Synonyms
  1. Copper pump 1
  2. Menkes disease-associated protein
Gene Name ATP7A
Protein Type Transporter
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in ATP binding
Specific Function May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.
Pathways
  • Mineral absorption
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Biological Process
locomotory behavior
response to zinc ion
ATP biosynthetic process
in utero embryonic development
cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
dopamine metabolic process
cellular copper ion homeostasis
blood vessel remodeling
cartilage development
collagen fibril organization
copper ion import
dendrite morphogenesis
detoxification of copper ion
elastic fiber assembly
blood vessel development
elastin biosynthetic process
epinephrine metabolic process
hair follicle morphogenesis
mitochondrion organization
serotonin metabolic process
negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
neuron projection morphogenesis
norepinephrine biosynthetic process
norepinephrine metabolic process
peptidyl-lysine modification
pigmentation
positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
lung alveolus development
positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
pyramidal neuron development
regulation of gene expression
regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
removal of superoxide radicals
response to iron(III) ion
skin development
T-helper cell differentiation
tryptophan metabolic process
tyrosine metabolic process
Cellular Component
cytosol
endoplasmic reticulum
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
basolateral plasma membrane
secretory granule
neuronal cell body
trans-Golgi network
brush border membrane
late endosome
trans-Golgi network transport vesicle
neuron projection
integral to membrane
Component
membrane
cell part
membrane part
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Function
ion binding
cation binding
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
metal ion binding
binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
metal ion transmembrane transporter activity
copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
copper-transporting atpase activity
copper-exporting atpase activity
transition metal ion binding
nucleoside binding
purine nucleoside binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
atp binding
transmembrane transporter activity
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
ion transmembrane transporter activity
cation transmembrane transporter activity
inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
transporter activity
copper ion binding
atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions
atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
Molecular Function
ATP binding
copper-exporting ATPase activity
superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
Process
purine nucleotide metabolic process
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
metabolic process
nitrogen compound metabolic process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
copper ion transport
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
nucleotide metabolic process
establishment of localization
transport
ion transport
atp biosynthetic process
cation transport
metal ion transport
transition metal ion transport
Cellular Location
  1. Isoform 5:Endoplasmic reticulum
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location X
Locus Xq21.1
SNPs ATP7A
Gene Sequence
>4503 bp
ATGGATCCAAGTATGGGTGTGAATTCTGTTACCATTTCTGTTGAGGGTATGACTTGCAAT
TCCTGTGTTTGGACCATTGAGCAGCAGATTGGAAAAGTGAATGGTGTGCATCACATTAAG
GTATCACTGGAAGAAAAAAATGCAACTATTATTTATGACCCTAAACTACAGACTCCAAAG
ACCCTACAGGAAGCTATTGATGACATGGGCTTTGATGCTGTTATCCATAATCCTGACCCT
CTCCCTGTTTTAACTGACACCTTGTTTCTGACTGTTACGGCGTCACTGACTTTGCCATGG
GACCATATCCAAAGCACATTGCTGAAGACCAAGGGTGTGACAGACATTAAAATTTACCCT
CAGAAAAGAACTGTAGCAGTGACAATAATCCCTTCTATAGTGAATGCCAATCAGATAAAA
GAGCTGGTTCCAGAACTCAGTTTAGATACTGGGACACTGGAGAAAAAGTCAGGAGCTTGT
GAAGATCATAGTATGGCTCAAGCTGGTGAAGTCGTGCTGAAGATGAAAGTGGAAGGGATG
ACCTGCCATTCATGTACTAGCACTATTGAAGGAAAAATTGGGAAACTGCAAGGTGTTCAG
CGAATTAAAGTCTCCCTGGACAATCAAGAAGCTACTATTGTTTATCAACCTCATCTTATC
TCAGTAGAGGAAATGAAAAAGCAGATTGAAGCTATGGGCTTTCCAGCATTTGTCAAAAAG
CAGCCCAAGTACCTCAAATTGGGAGCTATTGATGTAGAACGTCTAAAGAACACACCAGTT
AAATCCTCAGAAGGGTCACAGCAAAGGAGTCCATCATATACCAATGATTCAACAGCCACT
TTCATCATTGATGGCATGCATTGTAAATCATGTGTGTCAAATATTGAAAGTACTTTATCT
GCACTCCAATATGTAAGCAGCATAGTAGTTTCTTTAGAGAATAGGTCTGCCATTGTGAAG
TATAATGCAAGCTCAGTCACTCCAGAATCCCTGAGAAAAGCAATAGAGGCTGTATCACCG
GGGCTATATAGAGTTAGTATCACAAGTGAAGTTGAGAGTACCTCAAACTCTCCCTCCAGC
TCATCTCTTCAGAAGATTCCTTTGAATGTAGTTAGCCAGCCTCTGACACAAGAAACTGTG
ATAAACATTGATGGCATGACTTGTAATTCCTGTGTGCAGTCTATTGAGGGTGTCATATCA
AAAAAGCCAGGTGTAAAATCCATACGAGTCTCCCTTGCAAATAGCAATGGGACTGTTGAG
TATGATCCTCTACTAACCTCTCCAGAAACGTTGAGAGGAGCAATAGAAGACATGGGATTT
GATGCTACCTTGTCAGACACGAATGAGCCGTTGGTAGTAATAGCTCAGCCTTCATCGGAA
ATGCCGCTTTTGACTTCAACTAATGAATTTTATACTAAAGGGATGACACCAGTTCAAGAC
AAGGAGGAAGGAAAGAATTCATCTAAGTGTTACATACAGGTCACTGGCATGACTTGCGCT
TCCTGTGTAGCAAACATTGAACGGAATTTAAGGCGGGAAGAAGGAATATATTCTATACTT
GTGGCCCTGATGGCTGGCAAGGCAGAAGTAAGGTATAATCCTGCTGTTATACAACCCCCA
ATGATAGCAGAGTTCATCCGAGAACTTGGATTTGGAGCCACTGTGATAGAAAATGCTGAT
GAAGGAGATGGTGTTTTGGAACTTGTTGTGAGGGGAATGACGTGTGCCTCCTGCGTACAT
AAAATAGAGTCTAGTCTCACAAAACACAGAGGGATCCTATACTGCTCCGTGGCCCTGGCA
ACCAACAAAGCACATATTAAATATGACCCAGAAATTATTGGTCCTAGAGATATTATCCAT
ACAATTGAAAGCTTAGGTTTTGAAGCTTCTTTGGTCAAGAAGGATCGGTCAGCAAGTCAC
TTAGATCATAAACGAGAAATAAGACAATGGAGACGGTCTTTTCTTGTGAGTCTGTTTTTC
TGTATTCCTGTAATGGGGCTGATGATATATATGATGGTTATGGACCACCACTTTGCAACT
CTTCACCATAATCAAAACATGAGTAAAGAAGAAATGATCAACCTTCATTCTTCTATGTTC
CTGGAGCGCCAGATTCTTCCAGGATTGTCTGTTATGAATTTGCTGTCCTTTTTATTGTGT
GTACCTGTACAGTTTTTCGGAGGCTGGTACTTCTACATTCAGGCTTATAAAGCACTGAAG
CATAAGACAGCAAATATGGACGTACTGATTGTGCTGGCAACCACCATTGCATTTGCCTAC
TCTTTGATTATTCTTCTAGTTGCAATGTATGAGAGAGCCAAAGTGAACCCTATTACTTTC
TTTGACACACCCCCTATGCTGTTTGTGTTTATTGCACTAGGCCGATGGCTGGAACATATA
GCAAAGGGCAAAACATCAGAGGCTCTTGCAAAGTTAATTTCACTACAAGCTACAGAAGCA
ACTATTGTAACTCTTGATTCTGATAATATCCTCCTCAGTGAAGAACAAGTGGATGTGGAA
CTTGTACAACGTGGAGATATCATTAAAGTAGTTCCAGGAGGCAAATTTCCAGTGGATGGT
CGTGTTATTGAAGGACATTCTATGGTAGATGAGTCCCTCATCACAGGGGAGGCAATGCCT
GTGGCTAAGAAACCTGGCAGCACAGTGATTGCTGGTTCCATTAACCAGAACGGGTCACTG
CTTATCTGCGCAACACATGTTGGAGCAGACACAACCCTTTCTCAAATTGTCAAACTTGTG
GAAGAGGCACAAACATCAAAGGCTCCTATCCAGCAGTTTGCAGACAAACTCAGTGGCTAT
TTTGTTCCTTTTATTGTTTTTGTTTCCATTGCCACCCTCTTGGTATGGATTGTAATTGGA
TTTCTGAATTTTGAAATTGTGGAAACCTACTTTCCTGGCTACAATAGAAGTATCTCCCGA
ACAGAAACGATAATACGATTTGCTTTCCAAGCCTCTATCACAGTTCTGTGTATTGCATGT
CCCTGTTCACTGGGACTGGCCACTCCAACTGCTGTGATGGTGGGTACAGGAGTAGGTGCT
CAAAATGGCATACTAATAAAAGGTGGAGAGCCATTGGAGATGGCTCATAAGGTAAAGGTA
GTGGTATTTGATAAGACTGGAACCATTACTCACGGAACCCCAGTGGTGAATCAAGTAAAG
GTTCTAACTGAAAGTAACAGAATATCACACCATAAAATCTTGGCCATTGTGGGAACTGCT
GAAAGTAACAGTGAACACCCTCTAGGAACAGCCATAACCAAATATTGCAAACAGGAGCTG
GACACTGAAACCTTGGGTACCTGCATAGATTTCCAGGTTGTGCCAGGCTGTGGTATTAGC
TGTAAAGTCACCAATATTGAAGGCTTGCTACATAAGAATAACTGGAATATAGAGGACAAT
AATATTAAAAATGCATCCCTGGTTCAAATTGATGCCAGTAATGAACAGTCATCAACTTCG
TCTTCCATGATTATTGATGCCCAGATCTCAAATGCTCTTAATGCTCAGCAGTATAAAGTC
CTCATTGGTAACCGGGAGTGGATGATTAGAAATGGTCTTGTCATTAATAACGATGTAAAT
GATTTCATGACTGAACATGAGAGAAAAGGTCGGACTGCTGTATTAGTAGCAGTTGATGAT
GAGCTGTGTGGCTTGATAGCCATTGCAGACACAGTGAAGCCTGAAGCAGAACTGGCTATC
CATATTCTGAAATCTATGGGCTTAGAAGTAGTTCTGATGACTGGAGACAACAGTAAAACA
GCTAGATCTATTGCTTCTCAGGTTGGCATTACTAAGGTGTTTGCTGAAGTTCTACCTTCT
CACAAGGTTGCTAAAGTGAAGCAACTTCAAGAGGAGGGGAAACGGGTAGCAATGGTGGGA
GATGGAATCAATGACTCCCCAGCTCTGGCAATGGCTAATGTGGGAATTGCTATTGGCACA
GGCACAGATGTAGCCATTGAAGCAGCTGATGTGGTTTTGATAAGGAATGATCTTCTGGAT
GTAGTGGCAAGTATTGACTTATCAAGAGAGACAGTCAAGAGGATTCGGATAAATTTTGTC
TTTGCTCTAATTTATAATCTGGTTGGAATTCCCATAGCTGCTGGAGTTTTTATGCCCATT
GGTTTGGTTTTGCAGCCCTGGATGGGATCTGCAGCAATGGCTGCTTCATCTGTTTCTGTA
GTACTTTCTTCTCTCTTCCTTAAACTTTACAGGAAACCAACTTACGAGAGTTATGAACTG
CCTGCCCGGAGCCAGATAGGACAGAAGAGTCCTTCAGAAATCAGCGTTCATGTTGGAATA
GATGATACCTCAAGGAATTCTCCTAAACTGGGTTTGCTGGACCGGATTGTTAATTATAGC
AGAGCCTCTATAAACTCACTACTGTCTGATAAACGCTCCCTAAACAGTGTTGTTACCAGT
GAACCTGACAAGCACTCACTCCTGGTGGGAGACTTCAGGGAAGATGATGACACTGCATTA
TAA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 1500
Molecular Weight 163372.275
Theoretical pI 6.241
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Copper-transporting ATPase 1
MDPSMGVNSVTISVEGMTCNSCVWTIEQQIGKVNGVHHIKVSLEEKNATIIYDPKLQTPK
TLQEAIDDMGFDAVIHNPDPLPVLTDTLFLTVTASLTLPWDHIQSTLLKTKGVTDIKIYP
QKRTVAVTIIPSIVNANQIKELVPELSLDTGTLEKKSGACEDHSMAQAGEVVLKMKVEGM
TCHSCTSTIEGKIGKLQGVQRIKVSLDNQEATIVYQPHLISVEEMKKQIEAMGFPAFVKK
QPKYLKLGAIDVERLKNTPVKSSEGSQQRSPSYTNDSTATFIIDGMHCKSCVSNIESTLS
ALQYVSSIVVSLENRSAIVKYNASSVTPESLRKAIEAVSPGLYRVSITSEVESTSNSPSS
SSLQKIPLNVVSQPLTQETVINIDGMTCNSCVQSIEGVISKKPGVKSIRVSLANSNGTVE
YDPLLTSPETLRGAIEDMGFDATLSDTNEPLVVIAQPSSEMPLLTSTNEFYTKGMTPVQD
KEEGKNSSKCYIQVTGMTCASCVANIERNLRREEGIYSILVALMAGKAEVRYNPAVIQPP
MIAEFIRELGFGATVIENADEGDGVLELVVRGMTCASCVHKIESSLTKHRGILYCSVALA
TNKAHIKYDPEIIGPRDIIHTIESLGFEASLVKKDRSASHLDHKREIRQWRRSFLVSLFF
CIPVMGLMIYMMVMDHHFATLHHNQNMSKEEMINLHSSMFLERQILPGLSVMNLLSFLLC
VPVQFFGGWYFYIQAYKALKHKTANMDVLIVLATTIAFAYSLIILLVAMYERAKVNPITF
FDTPPMLFVFIALGRWLEHIAKGKTSEALAKLISLQATEATIVTLDSDNILLSEEQVDVE
LVQRGDIIKVVPGGKFPVDGRVIEGHSMVDESLITGEAMPVAKKPGSTVIAGSINQNGSL
LICATHVGADTTLSQIVKLVEEAQTSKAPIQQFADKLSGYFVPFIVFVSIATLLVWIVIG
FLNFEIVETYFPGYNRSISRTETIIRFAFQASITVLCIACPCSLGLATPTAVMVGTGVGA
QNGILIKGGEPLEMAHKVKVVVFDKTGTITHGTPVVNQVKVLTESNRISHHKILAIVGTA
ESNSEHPLGTAITKYCKQELDTETLGTCIDFQVVPGCGISCKVTNIEGLLHKNNWNIEDN
NIKNASLVQIDASNEQSSTSSSMIIDAQISNALNAQQYKVLIGNREWMIRNGLVINNDVN
DFMTEHERKGRTAVLVAVDDELCGLIAIADTVKPEAELAIHILKSMGLEVVLMTGDNSKT
ARSIASQVGITKVFAEVLPSHKVAKVKQLQEEGKRVAMVGDGINDSPALAMANVGIAIGT
GTDVAIEAADVVLIRNDLLDVVASIDLSRETVKRIRINFVFALIYNLVGIPIAAGVFMPI
GLVLQPWMGSAAMAASSVSVVLSSLFLKLYRKPTYESYELPARSQIGQKSPSEISVHVGI
DDTSRNSPKLGLLDRIVNYSRASINSLLSDKRSLNSVVTSEPDKHSLLVGDFREDDDTAL
GenBank ID Protein 57209396
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q04656
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ATP7A_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID AL645821
GeneCard ID ATP7A
GenAtlas ID ATP7A
HGNC ID HGNC:869
References
General References
  1. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed:15772651 ]
  2. Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ: Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):614-8. [PubMed:11214319 ]
  3. Vulpe C, Levinson B, Whitney S, Packman S, Gitschier J: Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease and evidence that it encodes a copper-transporting ATPase. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):7-13. [PubMed:8490659 ]
  4. Tumer Z, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Chelly J, Monaco AP, Horn N: Characterization of the exon structure of the Menkes disease gene using vectorette PCR. Genomics. 1995 Apr 10;26(3):437-42. [PubMed:7607665 ]
  5. Reddy MC, Harris ED: Multiple transcripts coding for the menkes gene: evidence for alternative splicing of Menkes mRNA. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 15;334 ( Pt 1):71-7. [PubMed:9693104 ]
  6. Harris ED, Reddy MC, Qian Y, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Majumdar S, Nelson J: Multiple forms of the Menkes Cu-ATPase. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;448:39-51. [PubMed:10079814 ]
  7. Dierick HA, Ambrosini L, Spencer J, Glover TW, Mercer JF: Molecular structure of the Menkes disease gene (ATP7A). Genomics. 1995 Aug 10;28(3):462-9. [PubMed:7490081 ]
  8. Chelly J, Tumer Z, Tonnesen T, Petterson A, Ishikawa-Brush Y, Tommerup N, Horn N, Monaco AP: Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease that encodes a potential heavy metal binding protein. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):14-9. [PubMed:8490646 ]
  9. Mercer JF, Livingston J, Hall B, Paynter JA, Begy C, Chandrasekharappa S, Lockhart P, Grimes A, Bhave M, Siemieniak D, et al.: Isolation of a partial candidate gene for Menkes disease by positional cloning. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):20-5. [PubMed:8490647 ]
  10. Qi M, Byers PH: Constitutive skipping of alternatively spliced exon 10 in the ATP7A gene abolishes Golgi localization of the menkes protein and produces the occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Mar;7(3):465-9. [PubMed:9467005 ]
  11. Reddy MC, Majumdar S, Harris ED: Evidence for a Menkes-like protein with a nuclear targeting sequence. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 15;350 Pt 3:855-63. [PubMed:10970802 ]
  12. Dierick HA, Adam AN, Escara-Wilke JF, Glover TW: Immunocytochemical localization of the Menkes copper transport protein (ATP7A) to the trans-Golgi network. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Mar;6(3):409-16. [PubMed:9147644 ]
  13. Petris MJ, Mercer JF: The Menkes protein (ATP7A; MNK) cycles via the plasma membrane both in basal and elevated extracellular copper using a C-terminal di-leucine endocytic signal. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Oct;8(11):2107-15. [PubMed:10484781 ]
  14. Gitschier J, Moffat B, Reilly D, Wood WI, Fairbrother WJ: Solution structure of the fourth metal-binding domain from the Menkes copper-transporting ATPase. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Jan;5(1):47-54. [PubMed:9437429 ]
  15. Tumer Z, Moller LB, Horn N: Mutation spectrum of ATP7A, the gene defective in Menkes disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;448:83-95. [PubMed:10079817 ]
  16. Das S, Levinson B, Whitney S, Vulpe C, Packman S, Gitschier J: Diverse mutations in patients with Menkes disease often lead to exon skipping. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;55(5):883-9. [PubMed:7977350 ]
  17. Tumer Z, Lund C, Tolshave J, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Horn N: Identification of point mutations in 41 unrelated patients affected with Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan;60(1):63-71. [PubMed:8981948 ]
  18. Ronce N, Moizard MP, Robb L, Toutain A, Villard L, Moraine C: A C2055T transition in exon 8 of the ATP7A gene is associated with exon skipping in an occipital horn syndrome family. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;61(1):233-8. [PubMed:9246006 ]
  19. Ambrosini L, Mercer JF: Defective copper-induced trafficking and localization of the Menkes protein in patients with mild and copper-treated classical Menkes disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Aug;8(8):1547-55. [PubMed:10401004 ]
  20. Ogawa A, Yamamoto S, Takayanagi M, Kogo T, Kanazawa M, Kohno Y: Identification of three novel mutations in the MNK gene in three unrelated Japanese patients with classical Menkes disease. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(3):206-9. [PubMed:10319589 ]
  21. Dagenais SL, Adam AN, Innis JW, Glover TW: A novel frameshift mutation in exon 23 of ATP7A (MNK) results in occipital horn syndrome and not in Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):420-7. Epub 2001 Jun 26. [PubMed:11431706 ]
  22. Gu YH, Kodama H, Murata Y, Mochizuki D, Yanagawa Y, Ushijima H, Shiba T, Lee CC: ATP7A gene mutations in 16 patients with Menkes disease and a patient with occipital horn syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 15;99(3):217-22. [PubMed:11241493 ]
  23. Hahn S, Cho K, Ryu K, Kim J, Pai K, Kim M, Park H, Yoo O: Identification of four novel mutations in classical Menkes disease and successful prenatal DNA diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):86-90. [PubMed:11350187 ]
  24. Moller LB, Bukrinsky JT, Molgaard A, Paulsen M, Lund C, Tumer Z, Larsen S, Horn N: Identification and analysis of 21 novel disease-causing amino acid substitutions in the conserved part of ATP7A. Hum Mutat. 2005 Aug;26(2):84-93. [PubMed:15981243 ]