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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP07279
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 12898
Name Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
Synonyms
  1. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 4
  2. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase candidate 4
  3. Long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase 2
  4. Multifunctional O-acyltransferase
  5. Wax synthase
  6. hDC4
  7. hWS
  8. Acyl-CoA retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
  9. ARAT
  10. Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
Gene Name AWAT2
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Specific Function Acyltransferase that predominantly esterify long chain (wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids to produce wax esters. Wax esters are enriched in sebum, suggesting that it plays a central role in lipid metabolism in skin. Has no activity using decyl alcohol and significantly prefers the C16 and C18 alcohols. May also have 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MGAT) and acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activities, to catalyze the synthesis of diacylglycerols and retinyl esters; however this activity is unclear in vivo.
Pathways
  • Retinol metabolism
  • Vitamin digestion and absorption
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + a long-chain alcohol → Coenzyme A + a long-chain ester details
Acyl-CoA + Vitamin A → Coenzyme A + Retinyl ester details
Acyl-CoA + Vitamin A → Coenzyme A + Retinyl ester details
Palmityl-CoA + Vitamin A → Coenzyme A + Retinyl palmitate details
GO Classification
Biological Process
wax biosynthetic process
Cellular Component
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
integral to membrane
Function
catalytic activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Molecular Function
long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity
Cellular Location
  1. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  2. Multi-pass membrane protein
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location X
Locus Xq13.1
SNPs AWAT2
Gene Sequence
>1002 bp
ATGCTCTTGCCCTCTAAGAAGGACCTCAAGACTGCCCTGGATGTCTTTGCTGTTTTCCAG
TGGTCCTTCAGTGCCTTGCTTATCACAACCACTGTGATTGCTGTCAACCTCTACCTGGTG
GTGTTCACACCATACTGGCCTGTCACTGTGCTTATTCTTACCTGGCTGGCTTTTGACTGG
AAGACCCCTCAGCGAGGCGGCCGCCGGTTTACCTGTGTGAGGCACTGGCGCCTGTGGAAA
CACTACAGCGATTATTTCCCTCTCAAGCTTCTGAAGACTCATGACATCTGCCCCAGCCGC
AACTACATCCTCGTCTGCCACCCTCATGGGCTCTTTGCCCATGGATGGTTTGGCCACTTT
GCCACAGAGGCCTCAGGCTTCTCCAAGATATTTCCTGGCATCACCCCTTACATACTCACA
CTGGGAGCCTTTTTCTGGATGCCTTTCCTCAGAGAATATGTAATGTCTACAGGGGCCTGC
TCTGTGAGTCGATCCTCCATTGACTTTCTGCTGACTCATAAAGGCACAGGCAACATGGTC
ATTGTGGTGATTGGTGGACTGGCTGAGTGCAGATACAGCCTGCCAGGTTCTTCTACCCTG
GTGTTGAAGAACCGGTCTGGCTTTGTGCGCATGGCCCTTCAGCATGGGGTGCCTCTAATA
CCTGCCTATGCCTTTGGGGAGACGGACCTCTATGATCAGCACATTTTCACTCCTGGTGGC
TTTGTCAACCGCTTCCAGAAGTGGTTCCAGAGCATGGTACACATCTACCCTTGTGCTTTC
TATGGACGTGGCTTCACCAAGAACTCCTGGGGCCTTCTGCCCTATAGTCGGCCTGTAACC
ACCATCGTCGGGGAGCCTCTACCAATGCCCAAGATTGAGAATCCAAGCCAGGAGATCGTG
GCTAAATATCACACACTCTATATTGATGCCCTACGTAAACTGTTTGACCAGCATAAGACC
AAGTTTGGTATCTCAGAGACCCAGGAGCTGGAGATAATTTGA
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 333
Molecular Weight 38093.25
Theoretical pI 9.343
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
MLLPSKKDLKTALDVFAVFQWSFSALLITTTVIAVNLYLVVFTPYWPVTVLILTWLAFDW
KTPQRGGRRFTCVRHWRLWKHYSDYFPLKLLKTHDICPSRNYILVCHPHGLFAHGWFGHF
ATEASGFSKIFPGITPYILTLGAFFWMPFLREYVMSTGACSVSRSSIDFLLTHKGTGNMV
IVVIGGLAECRYSLPGSSTLVLKNRSGFVRMALQHGVPLIPAYAFGETDLYDQHIFTPGG
FVNRFQKWFQSMVHIYPCAFYGRGFTKNSWGLLPYSRPVTTIVGEPLPMPKIENPSQEIV
AKYHTLYIDALRKLFDQHKTKFGISETQELEII
GenBank ID Protein 49854214
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6E213
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AWAT2_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID AY605053
GeneCard ID AWAT2
GenAtlas ID AWAT2
HGNC ID HGNC:23251
References
General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  2. Winter A, van Eckeveld M, Bininda-Emonds OR, Habermann FA, Fries R: Genomic organization of the DGAT2/MOGAT gene family in cattle (Bos taurus) and other mammals. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2003;102(1-4):42-7. [PubMed:14970677 ]
  3. Turkish AR, Henneberry AL, Cromley D, Padamsee M, Oelkers P, Bazzi H, Christiano AM, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: Identification of two novel human acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferases: members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) gene superfamily. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 15;280(15):14755-64. Epub 2005 Jan 25. [PubMed:15671038 ]
  4. Cheng JB, Russell DW: Mammalian wax biosynthesis. II. Expression cloning of wax synthase cDNAs encoding a member of the acyltransferase enzyme family. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):37798-807. Epub 2004 Jun 27. [PubMed:15220349 ]
  5. Yen CL, Brown CH 4th, Monetti M, Farese RV Jr: A human skin multifunctional O-acyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of acylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov;46(11):2388-97. Epub 2005 Aug 16. [PubMed:16106050 ]