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Showing Protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (HMDBP07955)

IdentificationBiological propertiesGene propertiesProtein propertiesExternal linksReferencesXMLShow 1 metabolite
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP07955
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 13666
Name E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Synonyms
  1. Parkinson disease protein 2
  2. Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2
Gene Name PARK2
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity
Specific Function Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. These substrates include SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, STUB1, a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP, SEPT5 and AIMP2. May play a more general role in the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway by participating in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein. Limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Loss of this ubiquitin ligase activity appears to be the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PARK2. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. Regulates cyclin E during neuronal apoptosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Function
ion binding
cation binding
metal ion binding
binding
catalytic activity
transition metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
ligase activity
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
acid-amino acid ligase activity
Cellular Location
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Endoplasmic reticulum
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Chromosome:6
Locus 6q25.2-q27
SNPs PARK2
Gene Sequence 
>1398 bp
ATGATAGTGTTTGTCAGGTTCAACTCCAGCCATGGTTTCCCAGTGGAGGTCGATTCTGAC
ACCAGCATCTTCCAGCTCAAGGAGGTGGTTGCTAAGCGACAGGGGGTTCCGGCTGACCAG
TTGCGTGTGATTTTCGCAGGGAAGGAGCTGAGGAATGACTGGACTGTGCAGAATTGTGAC
CTGGATCAGCAGAGCATTGTTCACATTGTGCAGAGACCGTGGAGAAAAGGTCAAGAAATG
AATGCAACTGGAGGCGACGACCCCAGAAACGCGGCGGGAGGCTGTGAGCGGGAGCCCCAG
AGCTTGACTCGGGTGGACCTCAGCAGCTCAGTCCTCCCAGGAGACTCTGTGGGGCTGGCT
GTCATTCTGCACACTGACAGCAGGAAGGACTCACCACCAGCTGGAAGTCCAGCAGGTAGA
TCAATCTACAACAGCTTTTATGTGTATTGCAAAGGCCCCTGTCAAAGAGTGCAGCCGGGA
AAACTCAGGGTACAGTGCAGCACCTGCAGGCAGGCAACGCTCACCTTGACCCAGGGTCCA
TCTTGCTGGGATGATGTTTTAATTCCAAACCGGATGAGTGGTGAATGCCAATCCCCACAC
TGCCCTGGGACTAGTGCAGAATTTTTCTTTAAATGTGGAGCACACCCCACCTCTGACAAG
GAAACACCAGTAGCTTTGCACCTGATCGCAACAAATAGTCGGAACATCACTTGCATTACG
TGCACAGACGTCAGGAGCCCCGTCCTGGTTTTCCAGTGCAACTCCCGCCACGTGATTTGC
TTAGACTGTTTCCACTTATACTGTGTGACAAGACTCAATGATCGGCAGTTTGTTCACGAC
CCTCAACTTGGCTACTCCCTGCCTTGTGTGGCTGGCTGTCCCAACTCCTTGATTAAAGAG
CTCCATCACTTCAGGATTCTGGGAGAAGAGCAGTACAACCGGTACCAGCAGTATGGTGCA
GAGGAGTGTGTCCTGCAGATGGGGGGCGTGTTATGCCCCCGCCCTGGCTGTGGAGCGGGG
CTGCTGCCGGAGCCTGACCAGAGGAAAGTCACCTGCGAAGGGGGCAATGGCCTGGGCTGT
GGGTTTGCCTTCTGCCGGGAATGTAAAGAAGCGTACCATGAAGGGGAGTGCAGTGCCGTA
TTTGAAGCCTCAGGAACAACTACTCAGGCCTACAGAGTCGATGAAAGAGCCGCCGAGCAG
GCTCGTTGGGAAGCAGCCTCCAAAGAAACCATCAAGAAAACCACCAAGCCCTGTCCCCGC
TGCCATGTACCAGTGGAAAAAAATGGAGGCTGCATGCACATGAAGTGTCCGCAGCCCCAG
TGCAGGCTCGAGTGGTGCTGGAACTGTGGCTGCGAGTGGAACCGCGTCTGCATGGGGGAC
CACTGGTTCGACGTGTAG
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 465
Molecular Weight 51640.3
Theoretical pI 7.06
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • None
Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Protein Sequence 
>E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
MIVFVRFNSSHGFPVEVDSDTSIFQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELRNDWTVQNCD
LDQQSIVHIVQRPWRKGQEMNATGGDDPRNAAGGCEREPQSLTRVDLSSSVLPGDSVGLA
VILHTDSRKDSPPAGSPAGRSIYNSFYVYCKGPCQRVQPGKLRVQCSTCRQATLTLTQGP
SCWDDVLIPNRMSGECQSPHCPGTSAEFFFKCGAHPTSDKETSVALHLIATNSRNITCIT
CTDVRSPVLVFQCNSRHVICLDCFHLYCVTRLNDRQFVHDPQLGYSLPCVAGCPNSLIKE
LHHFRILGEEQYNRYQQYGAEECVLQMGGVLCPRPGCGAGLLPEPDQRKVTCEGGNGLGC
GFAFCRECKEAYHEGECSAVFEASGTTTQAYRVDERAAEQARWEAASKETIKKTTKPCPR
CHVPVEKNGGCMHMKCPQPQCRLEWCWNCGCEWNRVCMGDHWFDV
GenBank ID Protein 3063388
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O60260
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PRKN2_HUMAN
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID AB009973
GeneCard ID PARK2
GenAtlas ID PARK2
HGNC ID HGNC:8607
References
General References
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  4. Shimura H, Hattori N, Kubo Si, Mizuno Y, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Iwai K, Chiba T, Tanaka K, Suzuki T: Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase. Nat Genet. 2000 Jul;25(3):302-5. [PubMed:10888878 ]
  5. Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N, Matsumine H, Yamamura Y, Minoshima S, Yokochi M, Mizuno Y, Shimizu N: Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature. 1998 Apr 9;392(6676):605-8. [PubMed:9560156 ]
  6. Kasap M, Akpinar G, Sazci A, Idrisoglu HA, Vahaboglu H: Evidence for the presence of full-length PARK2 mRNA and Parkin protein in human blood. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Sep 4;460(3):196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.079. Epub 2009 Jun 6. [PubMed:19501131 ]
  7. Shimura H, Hattori N, Kubo S, Yoshikawa M, Kitada T, Matsumine H, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Yamamura Y, Shimizu N, Mizuno Y: Immunohistochemical and subcellular localization of Parkin protein: absence of protein in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism patients. Ann Neurol. 1999 May;45(5):668-72. [PubMed:10319893 ]
  8. Imai Y, Soda M, Takahashi R: Parkin suppresses unfolded protein stress-induced cell death through its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):35661-4. [PubMed:10973942 ]
  9. Zhang Y, Gao J, Chung KK, Huang H, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Parkin functions as an E2-dependent ubiquitin- protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 21;97(24):13354-9. [PubMed:11078524 ]
  10. Imai Y, Soda M, Inoue H, Hattori N, Mizuno Y, Takahashi R: An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin. Cell. 2001 Jun 29;105(7):891-902. [PubMed:11439185 ]
  11. Chung KK, Zhang Y, Lim KL, Tanaka Y, Huang H, Gao J, Ross CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Parkin ubiquitinates the alpha-synuclein-interacting protein, synphilin-1: implications for Lewy-body formation in Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 2001 Oct;7(10):1144-50. [PubMed:11590439 ]
  12. Shimura H, Schlossmacher MG, Hattori N, Frosch MP, Trockenbacher A, Schneider R, Mizuno Y, Kosik KS, Selkoe DJ: Ubiquitination of a new form of alpha-synuclein by parkin from human brain: implications for Parkinson's disease. Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):263-9. Epub 2001 Jun 28. [PubMed:11431533 ]
  13. Marin I, Ferrus A: Comparative genomics of the RBR family, including the Parkinson's disease-related gene parkin and the genes of the ariadne subfamily. Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Dec;19(12):2039-50. [PubMed:12446796 ]
  14. Imai Y, Soda M, Hatakeyama S, Akagi T, Hashikawa T, Nakayama KI, Takahashi R: CHIP is associated with Parkin, a gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and enhances its ubiquitin ligase activity. Mol Cell. 2002 Jul;10(1):55-67. [PubMed:12150907 ]
  15. Huynh DP, Scoles DR, Nguyen D, Pulst SM: The autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, interacts with and ubiquitinates synaptotagmin XI. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Oct 15;12(20):2587-97. Epub 2003 Aug 12. [PubMed:12925569 ]
  16. Imai Y, Soda M, Murakami T, Shoji M, Abe K, Takahashi R: A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 19;278(51):51901-10. Epub 2003 Oct 7. [PubMed:14532270 ]
  17. Staropoli JF, McDermott C, Martinat C, Schulman B, Demireva E, Abeliovich A: Parkin is a component of an SCF-like ubiquitin ligase complex and protects postmitotic neurons from kainate excitotoxicity. Neuron. 2003 Mar 6;37(5):735-49. [PubMed:12628165 ]
  18. Denison SR, Wang F, Becker NA, Schule B, Kock N, Phillips LA, Klein C, Smith DI: Alterations in the common fragile site gene Parkin in ovarian and other cancers. Oncogene. 2003 Nov 13;22(51):8370-8. [PubMed:14614460 ]
  19. Cesari R, Martin ES, Calin GA, Pentimalli F, Bichi R, McAdams H, Trapasso F, Drusco A, Shimizu M, Masciullo V, D'Andrilli G, Scambia G, Picchio MC, Alder H, Godwin AK, Croce CM: Parkin, a gene implicated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 6q25-q27. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):5956-61. Epub 2003 Apr 28. [PubMed:12719539 ]
  20. Kahle PJ, Haass C: How does parkin ligate ubiquitin to Parkinson's disease? EMBO Rep. 2004 Jul;5(7):681-5. [PubMed:15229644 ]
  21. Chung KK, Thomas B, Li X, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Marsh L, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates ubiquitination and compromises parkin's protective function. Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1328-31. Epub 2004 Apr 22. [PubMed:15105460 ]
  22. Dachsel JC, Lucking CB, Deeg S, Schultz E, Lalowski M, Casademunt E, Corti O, Hampe C, Patenge N, Vaupel K, Yamamoto A, Dichgans M, Brice A, Wanker EE, Kahle PJ, Gasser T: Parkin interacts with the proteasome subunit alpha4. FEBS Lett. 2005 Jul 18;579(18):3913-9. [PubMed:15987638 ]
  23. Ko HS, von Coelln R, Sriram SR, Kim SW, Chung KK, Pletnikova O, Troncoso J, Johnson B, Saffary R, Goh EL, Song H, Park BJ, Kim MJ, Kim S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Accumulation of the authentic parkin substrate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactor, p38/JTV-1, leads to catecholaminergic cell death. J Neurosci. 2005 Aug 31;25(35):7968-78. [PubMed:16135753 ]
  24. Smith WW, Pei Z, Jiang H, Moore DJ, Liang Y, West AB, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ross CA: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin, and mutant LRRK2 induces neuronal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18676-81. Epub 2005 Dec 13. [PubMed:16352719 ]
  25. Um JW, Min DS, Rhim H, Kim J, Paik SR, Chung KC: Parkin ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of RanBP2. J Biol Chem. 2006 Feb 10;281(6):3595-603. Epub 2005 Dec 6. [PubMed:16332688 ]
  26. Um JW, Chung KC: Functional modulation of parkin through physical interaction with SUMO-1. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Nov 15;84(7):1543-54. [PubMed:16955485 ]
  27. Sakata E, Yamaguchi Y, Kurimoto E, Kikuchi J, Yokoyama S, Yamada S, Kawahara H, Yokosawa H, Hattori N, Mizuno Y, Tanaka K, Kato K: Parkin binds the Rpn10 subunit of 26S proteasomes through its ubiquitin-like domain. EMBO Rep. 2003 Mar;4(3):301-6. [PubMed:12634850 ]
  28. Yu F, Zhou J: Parkin is ubiquitinated by Nrdp1 and abrogates Nrdp1-induced oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jul 25;440(1):4-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.052. Epub 2008 May 18. [PubMed:18541373 ]
  29. Beasley SA, Hristova VA, Shaw GS: Structure of the Parkin in-between-ring domain provides insights for E3-ligase dysfunction in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 27;104(9):3095-100. [PubMed:17360614 ]
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  32. Abbas N, Lucking CB, Ricard S, Durr A, Bonifati V, De Michele G, Bouley S, Vaughan JR, Gasser T, Marconi R, Broussolle E, Brefel-Courbon C, Harhangi BS, Oostra BA, Fabrizio E, Bohme GA, Pradier L, Wood NW, Filla A, Meco G, Denefle P, Agid Y, Brice A: A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe. French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group and the European Consortium on Genetic Susceptibility in Parkinson's Disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Apr;8(4):567-74. [PubMed:10072423 ]
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  37. Periquet M, Lucking C, Vaughan J, Bonifati V, Durr A, De Michele G, Horstink M, Farrer M, Illarioshkin SN, Pollak P, Borg M, Brefel-Courbon C, Denefle P, Meco G, Gasser T, Breteler MM, Wood N, Agid Y, Brice A: Origin of the mutations in the parkin gene in Europe: exon rearrangements are independent recurrent events, whereas point mutations may result from Founder effects. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Mar;68(3):617-26. Epub 2001 Feb 14. [PubMed:11179010 ]
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  41. Kann M, Jacobs H, Mohrmann K, Schumacher K, Hedrich K, Garrels J, Wiegers K, Schwinger E, Pramstaller PP, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ, Vieregge P, Klein C: Role of parkin mutations in 111 community-based patients with early-onset parkinsonism. Ann Neurol. 2002 May;51(5):621-5. [PubMed:12112109 ]
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  44. Hedrich K, Marder K, Harris J, Kann M, Lynch T, Meija-Santana H, Pramstaller PP, Schwinger E, Bressman SB, Fahn S, Klein C: Evaluation of 50 probands with early-onset Parkinson's disease for Parkin mutations. Neurology. 2002 Apr 23;58(8):1239-46. [PubMed:11971093 ]
  45. Xu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Tao E, Chen G, Chen B: [A new point mutation on exon 2 of parkin gene in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2002 Oct;19(5):409-11. [PubMed:12362318 ]
  46. Oliveira SA, Scott WK, Martin ER, Nance MA, Watts RL, Hubble JP, Koller WC, Pahwa R, Stern MB, Hiner BC, Ondo WG, Allen FH Jr, Scott BL, Goetz CG, Small GW, Mastaglia F, Stajich JM, Zhang F, Booze MW, Winn MP, Middleton LT, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM: Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late-onset Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2003 May;53(5):624-9. [PubMed:12730996 ]
  47. Foroud T, Uniacke SK, Liu L, Pankratz N, Rudolph A, Halter C, Shults C, Marder K, Conneally PM, Nichols WC: Heterozygosity for a mutation in the parkin gene leads to later onset Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2003 Mar 11;60(5):796-801. [PubMed:12629236 ]
  48. Chen R, Gosavi NS, Langston JW, Chan P: Parkin mutations are rare in patients with young-onset parkinsonism in a US population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2003 Jun;9(5):309-12. [PubMed:12781599 ]