Identification |
HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12301 |
Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
Name
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 |
Synonyms
|
- Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
- Aldehyde reductase
- Glucuronate reductase
- Glucuronolactone reductase
|
Gene Name
| AKR1A1 |
Protein Type
| Unknown |
Biological Properties |
General Function
| Not Available |
Specific Function
| Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols. Displays enzymatic activity towards endogenous metabolites such as aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, monosaccharides and bile acids, with a preference for negatively charged substrates, such as glucuronate and succinic semialdehyde (By similarity). Plays an important role in ascorbic acid biosynthesis by catalyzing the reduction of D-glucuronic acid and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone (By similarity). Functions as a detoxifiying enzyme by reducing a range of toxic aldehydes. Reduces methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, which are present at elevated levels under hyperglycemic conditions and are cytotoxic. Involved also in the detoxification of lipid-derived aldehydes like acrolein (By similarity). Plays a role in the activation of procarcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon trans-dihydrodiols, and in the metabolism of various xenobiotics and drugs (By similarity). Displays no reductase activity towards retinoids (PubMed:12732097). |
Pathways
|
- Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
- Biosynthesis of cofactors
- Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycerolipid metabolism
- Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
- Pyruvate metabolism
|
Reactions
| Not Available |
GO Classification
|
Biological Process |
cellular detoxification of aldehyde |
aldehyde catabolic process |
D-glucuronate catabolic process |
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process |
Cellular Component |
cytosol |
apical plasma membrane |
Molecular Function |
alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity |
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity |
D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity |
glucuronolactone reductase activity |
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity |
methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent, acetol producing) |
mevaldate reductase (NADPH) activity |
L-glucuronate reductase activity |
|
Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
Gene Properties |
Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
Locus
| Not Available |
SNPs
| Not Available |
Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
Protein Properties |
Number of Residues
| 325 |
Molecular Weight
| 36581.71 |
Theoretical pI
| 6.996 |
Pfam Domain Function
|
|
Signals
|
Not Available
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
External Links |
GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| P50578 |
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| AK1A1_PIG |
PDB IDs
|
|
GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
HGNC ID
| Not Available |
References |
General References
| - Flynn TG, Green NC, Bhatia MB, el-Kabbani O: Structure and mechanism of aldehyde reductase. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;372:193-201. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1965-2_25. [PubMed:7484379 ]
- el-Kabbani O, Judge K, Ginell SL, Myles DA, DeLucas LJ, Flynn TG: Structure of porcine aldehyde reductase holoenzyme. Nat Struct Biol. 1995 Aug;2(8):687-92. doi: 10.1038/nsb0895-687. [PubMed:7552731 ]
- el-Kabbani O, Carper DA, McGowan MH, Devedjiev Y, Rees-Milton KJ, Flynn TG: Studies on the inhibitor-binding site of porcine aldehyde reductase: crystal structure of the holoenzyme-inhibitor ternary complex. Proteins. 1997 Oct;29(2):186-92. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(199710)29:2<186::aid-prot6>3.0.co;2-b. [PubMed:9329083 ]
- Crosas B, Hyndman DJ, Gallego O, Martras S, Pares X, Flynn TG, Farres J: Human aldose reductase and human small intestine aldose reductase are efficient retinal reductases: consequences for retinoid metabolism. Biochem J. 2003 Aug 1;373(Pt 3):973-9. doi: 10.1042/BJ20021818. [PubMed:12732097 ]
|