| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP13364 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| Synonyms
|
- ACE-related carboxypeptidase
|
| Gene Name
| ACE2 |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase of the renin-angiotensin hormone system that is a critical regulator of blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and thus cardiovascular homeostasis. Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a nine-amino acid peptide with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, which then acts as a beneficial vasodilator and anti-proliferation agent, counterbalancing the actions of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Also removes the C-terminal residue from three other vasoactive peptides, neurotensin, kinetensin, and des-Arg bradykinin, but is not active on bradykinin. Also cleaves other biological peptides, such as apelins, casomorphins and dynorphin A. Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SLC6A19 in intestine, regulating trafficking, expression on the cell surface, and its catalytic activity. |
| Pathways
|
- Coronavirus disease - COVID-19
- Protein digestion and absorption
- Renin-angiotensin system
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior |
| viral entry into host cell |
| virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor |
| negative regulation of signaling receptor activity |
| positive regulation of amino acid transport |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction |
| positive regulation of gap junction assembly |
| positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane |
| regulation of cardiac conduction |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin |
| regulation of transmembrane transporter activity |
| tryptophan transport |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation |
| negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
| maternal process involved in female pregnancy |
| Cellular Component |
| cilium |
| cell surface |
| cytoplasm |
| plasma membrane |
| extracellular region |
| extracellular space |
| brush border membrane |
| apical plasma membrane |
| membrane |
| integral to membrane |
| Molecular Function |
| carboxypeptidase activity |
| endopeptidase activity |
| viral receptor activity |
| metallocarboxypeptidase activity |
| peptidyl-dipeptidase activity |
| metal ion binding |
| metallopeptidase activity |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| 805 |
| Molecular Weight
| 92490.09 |
| Theoretical pI
| 5.41 |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| Q5EGZ1 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| ACE2_RAT |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Burrell LM, Risvanis J, Kubota E, Dean RG, MacDonald PS, Lu S, Tikellis C, Grant SL, Lew RA, Smith AI, Cooper ME, Johnston CI: Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur Heart J. 2005 Feb;26(4):369-75; discussion 322-4. Epub 2005 Jan 25. [PubMed:15671045 ]
- Douglas GC, O'Bryan MK, Hedger MP, Lee DK, Yarski MA, Smith AI, Lew RA: The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis. Endocrinology. 2004 Oct;145(10):4703-11. Epub 2004 Jul 1. [PubMed:15231706 ]
- Li W, Greenough TC, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Somasundaran M, Sullivan JL, Farzan M, Choe H: Efficient replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mouse cells is limited by murine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(20):11429-33. [PubMed:15452268 ]
- Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY, Yagil C, Kozieradzki I, Scanga SE, Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ, da Costa J, Zhang L, Pei Y, Scholey J, Ferrario CM, Manoukian AS, Chappell MC, Backx PH, Yagil Y, Penninger JM: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature. 2002 Jun 20;417(6891):822-8. doi: 10.1038/nature00786. [PubMed:12075344 ]
- Gembardt F, Sterner-Kock A, Imboden H, Spalteholz M, Reibitz F, Schultheiss HP, Siems WE, Walther T: Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents. Peptides. 2005 Jul;26(7):1270-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.009. Epub 2005 Feb 16. [PubMed:15949646 ]
|
