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Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP14620
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Name Interleukin-6
Synonyms
  1. IL-6
Gene Name IL6
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Not Available
Specific Function Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the intracellular IL6-signaling pathway. The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'. Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring receiver cells.IL6 is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Rapid production of IL6 contributes to host defense during infection and tissue injury, but excessive IL6 synthesis is involved in disease pathology. In the innate immune response, is synthesized by myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, upon recognition of pathogens through toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the site of infection or tissue injury (By similarity). In the adaptive immune response, is required for the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Plays a major role in the differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets. Essential factor for the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that are required for the induction of germinal-center formation. Required to drive naive CD4(+) T cells to the Th17 lineage. Also required for proliferation of myeloma cells and the survival of plasmablast cells (By similarity).Acts as an essential factor in bone homeostasis and on vessels directly or indirectly by induction of VEGF, resulting in increased angiogenesis activity and vascular permeability. Induces, through 'trans-signaling' and synergistically with IL1B and TNF, the production of VEGF. Involved in metabolic controls, is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction increasing lipolysis and improving insulin resistance (By similarity). 'Trans-signaling' in central nervous system also regulates energy and glucose homeostasis. Mediates, through GLP-1, crosstalk between insulin-sensitive tissues, intestinal L cells and pancreatic islets to adapt to changes in insulin demand (By similarity). Also acts as a myokine (By similarity). Plays a protective role during liver injury, being required for maintenance of tissue regeneration (By similarity). Also has a pivotal role in iron metabolism by regulating HAMP/hepcidin expression upon inflammation or bacterial infection (By similarity). Through activation of IL6ST-YAP-NOTCH pathway, induces inflammation-induced epithelial regeneration (By similarity).
Pathways Not Available
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Biological Process
acute-phase response
regulation of glucagon secretion
glucose homeostasis
hepatocyte proliferation
liver regeneration
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT
T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
vascular endothelial growth factor production
response to activity
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of insulin secretion
Cellular Component
extracellular space
Molecular Function
interleukin-6 receptor binding
growth factor activity
cytokine activity
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Not Available
Locus Not Available
SNPs Not Available
Gene Sequence Not Available
Protein Properties
Number of Residues Not Available
Molecular Weight 23727.965
Theoretical pI Not Available
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • 1-27;
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence Not Available
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P51494
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name IL6_MACMU
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID Not Available
GeneCard ID Not Available
GenAtlas ID Not Available
HGNC ID Not Available
References
General References
  1. Villinger F, Brar SS, Mayne A, Chikkala N, Ansari AA: Comparative sequence analysis of cytokine genes from human and nonhuman primates. J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3946-54. [PubMed:7561102 ]