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Showing metabocard for Leucine (HMDB0000687)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-07-07 20:53:57 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000687
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00687
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLeucine
Description
Structure
Thumb
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

  Mrv1652309272007262D          

  9  8  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    1.7862   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7862    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    1.0310    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -1.0313    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -1.0313    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  8  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  2  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  1  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

HMDB0000687
     RDKit          3D
L-Leucine
 22 21  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.8045   -0.8946    0.8073 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1199    0.3943    0.4509 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1462    1.2899   -0.2060 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0185    0.2274   -0.4955 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1068   -0.6843    0.0818 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5697   -0.0636    1.2936 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2274   -0.8130   -0.8810 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0686   -1.3261   -2.0144 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5043   -0.3689   -0.5659 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8707   -0.6977    1.0398 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3729   -1.3681    1.7083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7911   -1.5736   -0.0680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7870    0.9059    1.3836 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0926    2.3225    0.2127 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9664    1.3641   -1.2885 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1882    0.9278    0.0118 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3425   -0.2592   -1.4095 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4328    1.2334   -0.7116 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6616   -1.6542    0.3514 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7168    0.9603    1.2128 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4117   -0.5169    1.6991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7639    0.5946   -0.4531 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  7  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  2 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  4 18  1  0
  5 19  1  1
  6 20  1  0
  6 21  1  0
  9 22  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

  Mrv1652309272007262D          

  9  8  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
    1.7862   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7862    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    1.0310    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -1.0313    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -1.0313    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  6  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  8  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  2  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  1  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000687

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H13NO2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
131.1729

> <EXACT_MASS>
131.094628665

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
22

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
14.158501021186428

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.82

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-1.5861571715466434

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.27

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.7877088821858544

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
9.51901425787269

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
63.31999999999999

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
34.1709

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
6.98e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
L-leucine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

HMDB0000687
     RDKit          3D
L-Leucine
 22 21  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.8045   -0.8946    0.8073 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1199    0.3943    0.4509 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1462    1.2899   -0.2060 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0185    0.2274   -0.4955 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1068   -0.6843    0.0818 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5697   -0.0636    1.2936 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2274   -0.8130   -0.8810 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0686   -1.3261   -2.0144 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5043   -0.3689   -0.5659 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8707   -0.6977    1.0398 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3729   -1.3681    1.7083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7911   -1.5736   -0.0680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7870    0.9059    1.3836 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0926    2.3225    0.2127 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9664    1.3641   -1.2885 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1882    0.9278    0.0118 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3425   -0.2592   -1.4095 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4328    1.2334   -0.7116 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6616   -1.6542    0.3514 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7168    0.9603    1.2128 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4117   -0.5169    1.6991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7639    0.5946   -0.4531 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  7  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  2 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  4 18  1  0
  5 19  1  1
  6 20  1  0
  6 21  1  0
  9 22  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       3.334  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -3.334   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -0.667   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       2.001   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0       2.001   1.925   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.667  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  N   UNK     0       0.667  -1.925   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      -2.001  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      -2.001  -1.925   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    4                                                            
CONECT    2    8                                                            
CONECT    3    6    8                                                       
CONECT    4    1    6    5                                                  
CONECT    5    4                                                            
CONECT    6    4    3    7                                                  
CONECT    7    6                                                            
CONECT    8    3    2    9                                                  
CONECT    9    8                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    9    0   16    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

COMPND    HMDB0000687
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -1.804  -0.895   0.807  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -1.120   0.394   0.451  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -2.146   1.290  -0.206  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1       0.018   0.227  -0.496  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1       1.107  -0.684   0.082  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  N1  UNL     1       1.570  -0.064   1.294  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    7  C6  UNL     1       2.227  -0.813  -0.881  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  O1  UNL     1       2.069  -1.326  -2.014  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  O2  UNL     1       3.504  -0.369  -0.566  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  H1  UNL     1      -2.871  -0.698   1.040  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H2  UNL     1      -1.373  -1.368   1.708  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H3  UNL     1      -1.791  -1.574  -0.068  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H4  UNL     1      -0.787   0.906   1.384  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H5  UNL     1      -2.093   2.322   0.213  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H6  UNL     1      -1.966   1.364  -1.289  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H7  UNL     1      -3.188   0.928   0.012  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H8  UNL     1      -0.343  -0.259  -1.409  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H9  UNL     1       0.433   1.233  -0.712  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H10 UNL     1       0.662  -1.654   0.351  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H11 UNL     1       1.717   0.960   1.213  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H12 UNL     1       2.412  -0.517   1.699  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H13 UNL     1       3.764   0.595  -0.453  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   10   11   12
CONECT    2    3    4   13
CONECT    3   14   15   16
CONECT    4    5   17   18
CONECT    5    6    7   19
CONECT    6   20   21
CONECT    7    8    8    9
CONECT    9   22
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000687 (Leucine)

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC6H13NO2
Average Molecular Weight131.1729
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight131.094628665
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
Traditional NameL-leucine
CAS Registry Number61-90-5
SMILES
CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1
InChI KeyROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentLeucine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Leucine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Amino acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point268 - 288 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility21.5 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-1.52HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker133.8930932474
[M-H]-McLean131.530932474
[M-H]-MetCCS_test_neg128.530932474
[M-H]-Astarita_neg128.730932474
[M+H]+Astarita_pos128.330932474
[M+H]+Baker136.5430932474
[M+H]+McLean134.730932474
[M-H]-Not Available132.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000088
[M+H]+Not Available134.9http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000088
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Medulla
  • Bladder
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Epilepsy
  1. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
  1. Deng C, Shang C, Hu Y, Zhang X: Rapid diagnosis of phenylketonuria and other aminoacidemias by quantitative analysis of amino acids in neonatal blood spots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Jul 25;775(1):115-20. [PubMed:12101068 ]
  2. Barschak AG, Marchesan C, Sitta A, Deon M, Giugliani R, Wajner M, Vargas CR: Maple syrup urine disease in treated patients: biochemical and oxidative stress profiles. Clin Biochem. 2008 Mar;41(4-5):317-24. Epub 2007 Dec 5. [PubMed:18088602 ]
  3. Wendel, U., Becker, K., Przyrembel, H. et al. (1980). Peritoneal dialysis in maple-syrup-urine disease: Studies on branched-chain amino and keto acids. Eur J Pediatr (1980) 134: 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00442404. Eur J Pediatr.
Heart failure
  1. Norrelund H, Wiggers H, Halbirk M, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Botker HE, Schmitz O, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Moller N: Abnormalities of whole body protein turnover, muscle metabolism and levels of metabolic hormones in patients with chronic heart failure. J Intern Med. 2006 Jul;260(1):11-21. [PubMed:16789974 ]
Phenylketonuria
  1. Deng C, Shang C, Hu Y, Zhang X: Rapid diagnosis of phenylketonuria and other aminoacidemias by quantitative analysis of amino acids in neonatal blood spots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Jul 25;775(1):115-20. [PubMed:12101068 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82. [PubMed:2415198 ]
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Fumarase deficiency
  1. Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20549362 ]
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Kuhara T, Shinka T, Inoue Y, Matsumoto M, Yoshino M, Sakaguchi Y, Matsumoto I: Studies of urinary organic acid profiles of a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Sep 30;133(2):133-40. [PubMed:6688766 ]
Branched-chain Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency
  1. Novarino G, El-Fishawy P, Kayserili H, Meguid NA, Scott EM, Schroth J, Silhavy JL, Kara M, Khalil RO, Ben-Omran T, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Hashish AF, Sanders SJ, Gupta AR, Hashem HS, Matern D, Gabriel S, Sweetman L, Rahimi Y, Harris RA, State MW, Gleeson JG: Mutations in BCKD-kinase lead to a potentially treatable form of autism with epilepsy. Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1224631. Epub 2012 Sep 6. [PubMed:22956686 ]
Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency
  1. Soreze Y, Boutron A, Habarou F, Barnerias C, Nonnenmacher L, Delpech H, Mamoune A, Chretien D, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Correia I, Sardet C, Boddaert N, Hamel Y, Delahodde A, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P: Mutations in human lipoyltransferase gene LIPT1 cause a Leigh disease with secondary deficiency for pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013 Dec 17;8:192. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-192. [PubMed:24341803 ]
Leukemia
  1. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
  2. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Epilepsy, early-onset, vitamin B6-dependent
  1. Darin N, Reid E, Prunetti L, Samuelsson L, Husain RA, Wilson M, El Yacoubi B, Footitt E, Chong WK, Wilson LC, Prunty H, Pope S, Heales S, Lascelles K, Champion M, Wassmer E, Veggiotti P, de Crecy-Lagard V, Mills PB, Clayton PT: Mutations in PROSC Disrupt Cellular Pyridoxal Phosphate Homeostasis and Cause Vitamin-B6-Dependent Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Dec 1;99(6):1325-1337. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.011. [PubMed:27912044 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
  2. Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ]
  3. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
  2. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  3. Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ]
  4. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345. [PubMed:19006102 ]
  2. Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013. [PubMed:23940645 ]
  3. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  4. Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762. [PubMed:27107423 ]
  5. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  6. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  7. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
  8. Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20. [PubMed:28587349 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  2. Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c. [PubMed:21494186 ]
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Rheumatoid arthritis
  1. Tie-juan ShaoZhi-xing HeZhi-jun XieHai-chang LiMei-jiao WangCheng-ping Wen. Characterization of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis using 1H NMR-based metabolomics of human fecal extracts. Metabolomics. April 2016, 12:70 [Link]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lewy body disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00149
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB000899
KNApSAcK IDC00001377
Chemspider ID5880
KEGG Compound IDC00123
BioCyc IDLEU
BiGG ID33942
Wikipedia LinkLeucine
METLIN ID24
PubChem Compound6106
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15603
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDLEU_L
MarkerDB IDMDB00000218
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceLeuchtenberger, Wolfgang; Karrenbauer, Michael; Ploecker, Ulf. Scale-up of an enzyme membrane reactor process for the manufacture of L-enantiomeric compounds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1984), 434(Enzyme Eng.), 78-86.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
Gene Name:
BCAT1
Uniprot ID:
P54687
Molecular weight:
38644.77
Reactions
Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → Ketoleucine + Glutamic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
2. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids.
Gene Name:
BCAT2
Uniprot ID:
O15382
Molecular weight:
33776.315
Reactions
Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → Ketoleucine + Glutamic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
3. Probable leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
LARS2
Uniprot ID:
Q15031
Molecular weight:
101975.43
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Leucine + tRNA(Leu) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu)details
Adenosine triphosphate + Leucine + tRNA(Leu) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Leucyl-tRNAdetails
Enzyme Details
4. Leucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a two step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. Exhibits a post-transfer editing activity to hydrolyze mischarged tRNAs.
Gene Name:
LARS
Uniprot ID:
Q9P2J5
Molecular weight:
134465.155
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Leucine + tRNA(Leu) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu)details
Adenosine triphosphate + Leucine + tRNA(Leu) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Leucyl-tRNAdetails
Enzyme Details
5. 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Required for the function of light chain amino-acid transporters. Involved in sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. Involved in guiding and targeting of LAT1 and LAT2 to the plasma membrane. When associated with SLC7A6 or SLC7A7 acts as an arginine/glutamine exchanger, following an antiport mechanism for amino acid transport, influencing arginine release in exchange for extracellular amino acids. Plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via transport of L-arginine. Required for normal and neoplastic cell growth. When associated with SLC7A5/LAT1, is also involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane in tissues such as placenta. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. When associated with SLC7A5 or SLC7A8, involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L- nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Together with ICAM1, regulates the transport activity LAT2 in polarized intestinal cells, by generating and delivering intracellular signals. When associated with SLC7A5, plays an important role in transporting L-leucine from the circulating blood to the retina across the inner blood-retinal barrier
Gene Name:
SLC3A2
Uniprot ID:
P08195
Molecular weight:
67993.3
Enzyme Details
6. Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2
General function:
Involved in methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Probable S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that acts as a component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA. May methylate the carboxyl group of leucine residues to form alpha- leucine ester residues
Gene Name:
LCMT2
Uniprot ID:
O60294
Molecular weight:
75601.1
Enzyme Details
7. Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1
General function:
Involved in methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha-leucine ester residues.
Gene Name:
LCMT1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UIC8
Molecular weight:
32171.66

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of small and large neutral amino acids such as alanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Has higher affinity for L-phenylalanine than LAT1 but lower affinity for glutamine and serine. L-alanine is transported at physiological concentrations. Plays a role in basolateral (re)absorption of neutral amino acids. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Plays an essential role in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids from the epithelial cells to the bloodstream in the kidney
Gene Name:
SLC7A8
Uniprot ID:
Q9UHI5
Molecular weight:
58381.1