Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-09-14 14:57:50 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001192 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Diadenosine pentaphosphate |
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Description | Diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n = 3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system. AP5A in nanomolar concentrations is found to significantly stimulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. AP5A is a P2X agonist. The activation of nucleotide ion tropic receptors increases intracellular calcium concentration, resulting in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. AP5A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. AP5A have been identified in human platelets and shown to be important modulator of cardiovascular function. AP5A is stored in synaptic vesicles and released upon nerve terminal depolarization. At the extracellular level, AP5A can stimulate presynaptic dinucleotide receptors. Responses to AP5A have been described in isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) from several brain areas in different animal species, including man. Dinucleotide receptors are ligand-operated ion channels that allow the influx of cations into the terminals. These cations reach a threshold for N- and P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, which become activated. The activation of the dinucleotide receptor together with the activation of these calcium channels triggers the release of neurotransmitters. The ability of Ap5A to promote glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine release has been described. (PMID: 11212966 , 12738682 , 11810214 , 9607303 , 8922753 , 10094777 , 16401072 , 16819989 , 17721817 , 17361116 , 14502438 ). |
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Structure | NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2OC([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C20H29N10O22P5/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(47-19)1-45-53(35,36)49-55(39,40)51-57(43,44)52-56(41,42)50-54(37,38)46-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(48-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)/t7-,8?,11-,12-,13-,14-,19?,20-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Diadenosine pentaphosphoric acid | Generator | Bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate | HMDB | Bis(adenosine)-5'-pentaphosphate | HMDB | P1,P5-Bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate | HMDB | Ap5a | MeSH, HMDB | P(1),P(5)-Bis(5'-adenosyl)pentaphosphate | MeSH, HMDB | P(1),P(5)-Di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate | MeSH, HMDB | ({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)({[({[(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinate | Generator, HMDB | Diadenosine pentaphosphate | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C20H29N10O22P5 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 916.3669 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 916.014595222 |
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IUPAC Name | {[(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}[({[({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphinic acid |
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Traditional Name | [(3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy({[({[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 41708-91-2 |
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SMILES | NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2OC([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C20H29N10O22P5/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(47-19)1-45-53(35,36)49-55(39,40)51-57(43,44)52-56(41,42)50-54(37,38)46-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(48-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)/t7-,8?,11-,12-,13-,14-,19?,20-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | OIMACDRJUANHTJ-OEOQABFDSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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Class | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | (5'->5')-dinucleotides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - (5'->5')-dinucleotide
- Purine ribonucleoside polyphosphate
- Purine nucleotide sugar
- Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
- Pentose phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- Purine
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Aminopyrimidine
- Alkyl phosphate
- Monosaccharide
- N-substituted imidazole
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Pyrimidine
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Imidolactam
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Secondary alcohol
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Amine
- Primary amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0910110011-1ebff4f5c0c03c91e6ee | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-623ceb91f1640e41633e | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-cdaf365f0907c80b5c9e | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0159-0800002029-e9b528c6c068c211d5e3 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-1900002010-18b81de82c73e4a55904 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-1905100000-bcbb28a6c851b25ab62a | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0000000009-77284c8672a0e9521079 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0200000419-2bf374f4ec23d7eee4bd | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900001000-c942ffea93bf8200932e | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0000000009-ce69227f66c3a27b44e0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014j-0200033379-f7649c250bc00f7d4378 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Diadenosine pentaphosphate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0113191030-9aa76e36955ffc2c2d39 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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General References | - Jankowski J, Potthoff W, van der Giet M, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets. Anal Biochem. 1999 Apr 10;269(1):72-8. [PubMed:10094777 ]
- Hollah P, Hausberg M, Kosch M, Barenbrock M, Letzel M, Schlatter E, Rahn KH: A novel assay for determination of diadenosine polyphosphates in human platelets: studies in normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001 Feb;19(2):237-45. [PubMed:11212966 ]
- Miras-Portugal MT, Pintor J, Gualix J: Ca2+ signalling in brain synaptosomes activated by dinucleotides. J Membr Biol. 2003 Jul 1;194(1):1-10. [PubMed:14502438 ]
- Pintor J, Carracedo G, Alonso MC, Bautista A, Peral A: Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in human tears. Pflugers Arch. 2002 Jan;443(3):432-6. Epub 2001 Aug 23. [PubMed:11810214 ]
- Jankowski J, Jankowski V, Laufer U, van der Giet M, Henning L, Tepel M, Zidek W, Schluter H: Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1231-8. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed:12738682 ]
- Kisselev LL, Justesen J, Wolfson AD, Frolova LY: Diadenosine oligophosphates (Ap(n)A), a novel class of signalling molecules? FEBS Lett. 1998 May 8;427(2):157-63. [PubMed:9607303 ]
- Pintor J, King BF, Miras-Portugal MT, Burnstock G: Selectivity and activity of adenine dinucleotides at recombinant P2X2 and P2Y1 purinoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;119(5):1006-12. [PubMed:8922753 ]
- Baker MD, Holloway DE, Swaminathan GJ, Acharya KR: Crystal structures of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in complex with the inhibitors 5'-ATP, Ap3A, Ap4A, and Ap5A. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 17;45(2):416-26. [PubMed:16401072 ]
- Leon D, Hervas C, Miras-Portugal MT: P2Y1 and P2X7 receptors induce calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation in cerebellar granule neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jun;23(11):2999-3013. [PubMed:16819989 ]
- Sperlagh B, Vizi ES: Extracellular interconversion of nucleotides reveals an ecto-adenylate kinase activity in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Res. 2007 Nov;32(11):1978-89. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [PubMed:17721817 ]
- Jankowski V, Karadogan S, Vanholder R, Nofer JR, Herget-Rosenthal S, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Tran TN, Zidek W, Jankowski J: Paracrine stimulation of vascular smooth muscle proliferation by diadenosine polyphosphates released from proximal tubule epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 2007 May;71(10):994-1000. Epub 2007 Mar 14. [PubMed:17361116 ]
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