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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-07 16:45:29 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001372
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0062636
  • HMDB01372
  • HMDB62636
Metabolite Identification
Common NameThiamine pyrophosphate
Description
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
Thiamin diphosphateChEBI
Thiamin pyrophosphateChEBI
Thiamine diphosphateChEBI
THPPChEBI
TPPChEBI
Thiamin diphosphoric acidGenerator
Thiamin pyrophosphoric acidGenerator
Thiamine diphosphoric acidGenerator
Thiamine pyrophosphoric acidGenerator
Thaimine pyrophosphateHMDB
Thiamin-ppiHMDB
Thiamine-ppiHMDB
Thiamine-pyrophosphateHMDB
CocarboxylaseHMDB
BerolaseHMDB
Pyrophosphate, thiamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC12H19N4O7P2S
Average Molecular Weight425.314
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight425.044967696
IUPAC Name3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-{[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}ethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium
Traditional Namethiamin pyrophosphate
CAS Registry Number136-09-4
SMILES
CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H18N4O7P2S/c1-8-11(3-4-22-25(20,21)23-24(17,18)19)26-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H4-,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21)/p+1
InChI KeyAYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamine phosphates. These are thiamine derivatives in which the hydroxyl group of the ethanol moiety is substituted by a phosphate group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct ParentThiamine phosphates
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Thiamine-phosphate
  • Organic pyrophosphate
  • 4,5-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Imidolactam
  • Thiazole
  • Azole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic cation
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Erythrocyte
  • Fibroblasts
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.0032 +/- 0.0022 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.034 (0-0.066) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Cerebrocortical Degeneration
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.0025 +/- 0.0017 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Cerebrocortical degeneration
  1. Holtershinken M, Hohling A, Witte B, Scholz H: [Thiamine and its derivates in cattle blood measured by HPLC in healthy animals, in patients suffering from CCN and in their cohorts]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2007 Jun;114(6):212-8. [PubMed:17642321 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44. [PubMed:12111441 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB01987
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022584
KNApSAcK IDC00019627
Chemspider ID1100
KEGG Compound IDC00068
BioCyc IDTHIAMINE-PYROPHOSPHATE
BiGG ID33732
Wikipedia LinkThiamine pyrophosphate
METLIN ID2832
PubChem Compound1132
PDB IDTDP
ChEBI ID9532
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDTHMPP
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceZabrodskaya, S. V.; Oparin, D. A.; Ostrovskii, Yu. M. Selective synthesis of thiamine diphosphate. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1989), 59(1), 226-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
PDHB
Uniprot ID:
P11177
Molecular weight:
39233.1
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
PDHA1
Uniprot ID:
P08559
Molecular weight:
43295.255
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
PDHA2
Uniprot ID:
P29803
Molecular weight:
42932.855
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:
BCKDHB
Uniprot ID:
P21953
Molecular weight:
43122.065
Reactions
alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:
BCKDHA
Uniprot ID:
P12694
Molecular weight:
50470.58
Reactions
alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxidedetails
2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity
Specific function:
The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:
OGDH
Uniprot ID:
Q02218
Molecular weight:
48179.59
Reactions
Oxoglutaric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxidedetails
3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in thiamin diphosphokinase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Can also catalyze the phosphorylation of pyrithiamine to pyrithiamine pyrophosphate.
Gene Name:
TPK1
Uniprot ID:
Q9H3S4
Molecular weight:
27265.05
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Thiamine → Adenosine monophosphate + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Thiamine pyrophosphate → ADP + Thiamine triphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).
Gene Name:
TKTL1
Uniprot ID:
P51854
Molecular weight:
59302.195
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate.
Gene Name:
TKT
Uniprot ID:
P29401
Molecular weight:
67876.95
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N-glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. Also hydrolyzes GDP and IDP but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a key role in the AKT1-PTEN signaling pathway by promoting glycolysis in proliferating cells in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ENTPD5
Uniprot ID:
O75356
Molecular weight:
47516.985

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.