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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (17) Show 17 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Update Date

2021-09-07 16:45:29 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0001372

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB0062636
HMDB01372
HMDB62636

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Description

Thiamine pyrophosphate (CAS: 154-87-0) is the active form of thiamine, and it serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved primarily in carbohydrate catabolism. These enzymes are important in the biosynthesis of several cell constituents, including neurotransmitters, and for the production of reducing equivalents used in oxidant stress defences. The enzymes are also important for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. The chemical structure of TPP is that of an aromatic methylaminopyrimidine ring, linked via a methylene bridge to a methylthiazolium ring with a pyrophosphate group attached to a hydroxyethyl side chain. In non-enzymatic model studies, it has been demonstrated that the thiazolium ring can catalyze reactions that are similar to those of TPP-dependent enzymes but several orders of magnitude slower. Using infrared and NMR spectrophotometry it has been shown that the dissociation of the proton from C2 of the thiazolium ring is necessary for catalysis; the abstraction of the proton leads to the formation of a carbanion with the potential for a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of the substrate. In all TPP-dependent enzymes, the abstraction of the proton from the C2 atom is the first step in catalysis, which is followed by a nucleophilic attack of this carbanion on the substrate. Subsequent cleavage of a C-C bond releases the first product with the formation of a second carbanion (enamine). This formation is the second feature of TPP catalysis common to all TPP-dependent enzymes. Depending on the enzyme and the substrate(s), the reaction intermediates and products differ. Methyl-branched fatty acids, as phytanic acid, undergo peroxisomal beta-oxidation in which they are shortened by 1 carbon atom. This process includes four steps: activation, 2-hydroxylation, thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent cleavage, and aldehyde dehydrogenation. In the third step, 2-hydroxy-3-methylacyl-CoA is cleaved in the peroxisomal matrix by 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase (2-HPCL), which uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor. The thiamine pyrophosphate dependence of the third step is unique in peroxisomal mammalian enzymology. Human pathology due to a deficient alpha-oxidation is mostly linked to mutations in the gene coding for the second enzyme of the sequence, phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.18) (PMID:12694175 , 11899071 , 9924800 ).

Structure

MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652309042000222D          

 26 27  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10003.235710001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.522010001.0910    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.949210001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.870310001.5960    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.255910000.3196    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.949210000.2664    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.667010001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.870310002.4210    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.185510001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.424810000.3196    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.2357 9999.8552    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.6670 9999.8552    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.378610001.0910    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.472010001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.378610000.2664    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.758110001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.0922 9999.8552    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.044010001.5052    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.330010001.0910    0.0000 P   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.615910001.5052    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.743310000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.919010000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.902110001.0910    0.0000 P   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.313210000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.184010001.5073    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.488810000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  6 11  1  0  0  0  0
  9 14  1  0  0  0  0
 14 16  1  0  0  0  0
 15 17  1  0  0  0  0
 16 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 19 21  2  0  0  0  0
 19 22  1  0  0  0  0
 20 23  1  0  0  0  0
 23 24  2  0  0  0  0
 23 25  1  0  0  0  0
 23 26  1  0  0  0  0
  9  4  2  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  7  2  0  0  0  0
  7 13  1  0  0  0  0
 13 15  2  0  0  0  0
 15 12  1  0  0  0  0
 12  6  2  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END


  Mrv1652309042000222D          

 26 27  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10003.235710001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.522010001.0910    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.949210001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.870310001.5960    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.255910000.3196    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.949210000.2664    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.667010001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.870310002.4210    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.185510001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.424810000.3196    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.2357 9999.8552    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.6670 9999.8552    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.378610001.0910    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.472010001.5052    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.378610000.2664    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.758110001.0910    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.0922 9999.8552    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.044010001.5052    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.330010001.0910    0.0000 P   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.615910001.5052    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.743310000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.919010000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.902110001.0910    0.0000 P   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.313210000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.184010001.5073    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.488810000.3770    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  6 11  1  0  0  0  0
  9 14  1  0  0  0  0
 14 16  1  0  0  0  0
 15 17  1  0  0  0  0
 16 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 19 21  2  0  0  0  0
 19 22  1  0  0  0  0
 20 23  1  0  0  0  0
 23 24  2  0  0  0  0
 23 25  1  0  0  0  0
 23 26  1  0  0  0  0
  9  4  2  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  7  2  0  0  0  0
  7 13  1  0  0  0  0
 13 15  2  0  0  0  0
 15 12  1  0  0  0  0
 12  6  2  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0001372

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C12H18N4O7P2S/c1-8-11(3-4-22-25(20,21)23-24(17,18)19)26-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H4-,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21)/p+1

> <INCHI_KEY>
AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O

> <FORMULA>
C12H19N4O7P2S

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
425.314

> <EXACT_MASS>
425.044967696

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
8

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
45

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
36.9637991067903

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
1

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-{[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}ethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.21

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-5.79955409211528

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-3.48

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
2

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
3.2177664195972664

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
1.7783059358514746

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
5.534004899065866

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
168.97

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
95.1455

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
8

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.52e-01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
thiamin pyrophosphate

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=...
 OpenBabel09142113213D
Jmol version 14.31.45  2021-07-21 05:08 EXTRACT: ({0:44})
 45 46  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.9002    1.1139    1.0100 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0573   -0.2549    0.3996 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1534   -0.7846   -0.4301 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1276   -0.1306   -0.8800 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2528   -0.4903    0.0923 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4675    0.1298   -0.3344 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8603   -0.0334    0.4565 P   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7349    0.6466    1.9103 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1748   -1.4715    0.6099 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0364    0.6875   -0.3736 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.6414    0.5609   -0.3787 P   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0753   -0.7287   -1.2394 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2822    1.8843   -1.0346 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1291    0.4134    1.0109 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7238   -2.3827   -0.9047 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1210   -2.1797    0.0596 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0946   -1.0299    0.6445 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1766   -0.6001    1.5338 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1650    0.2310    0.7571 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0773    1.6090    0.7466 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9639    2.3083    0.0518 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.9220    1.7083   -0.6250 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.9065    2.5458   -1.3998 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.0431    0.3962   -0.6435 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.1892   -0.3735    0.0248 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.3195   -1.7526    0.0031 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3555    1.8578    0.3563 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3910    1.1363    1.9830 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8404    1.3377    1.1324 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3841   -0.4833   -1.8790 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0041    0.9512   -0.8993 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9963   -0.1377    1.0913 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3844   -1.5721    0.1115 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.5295    1.5913    1.8863 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.7884   -0.7002   -2.1625 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.2485    1.8771   -1.0706 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9094   -2.9101    0.1672 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6804   -1.4758    1.9428 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7628   -0.0054    2.3483 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2962    2.1111    1.2981 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.5329    2.7026   -2.4117 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -8.8665    2.0314   -1.4427 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -8.0322    3.5091   -0.9056 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -7.0379   -2.1640   -0.5024 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.6922   -2.3067    0.4935 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1 27  1  0  0  0  0
  1 28  1  0  0  0  0
  1 29  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  2  0  0  0  0
  2 17  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3 15  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4 30  1  0  0  0  0
  4 31  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  5 32  1  0  0  0  0
  5 33  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  7  9  2  1  0  0  0
  7 10  1  0  0  0  0
  8 34  1  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  1  0  0  0  0
 11 13  1  0  0  0  0
 11 14  2  0  0  0  0
 12 35  1  0  0  0  0
 13 36  1  0  0  0  0
 15 16  1  0  0  0  0
 16 17  2  0  0  0  0
 16 37  1  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 18 38  1  0  0  0  0
 18 39  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  2  0  0  0  0
 19 25  1  0  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
 20 40  1  0  0  0  0
 21 22  2  0  0  0  0
 22 23  1  0  0  0  0
 22 24  1  0  0  0  0
 23 41  1  0  0  0  0
 23 42  1  0  0  0  0
 23 43  1  0  0  0  0
 24 25  2  0  0  0  0
 25 26  1  0  0  0  0
 26 44  1  0  0  0  0
 26 45  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1  17   1
M  END
$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8672.7078669.476   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0    8671.3748668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+1
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8674.0398668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8670.1588669.646   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0    8670.8788667.263   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0    8674.0398667.164   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0    8675.3788669.476   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0    8670.1588671.186   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8668.8808668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  S   UNK     0    8669.3268667.263   0.000  0.00  0.00           S+0
HETATM   11  N   UNK     0    8672.7078666.396   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   12  N   UNK     0    8675.3788666.396   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   13  N   UNK     0    8676.7078668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0    8667.5488669.476   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0    8676.7078667.164   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0    8666.2158668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0    8678.0398666.396   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  O   UNK     0    8664.8828669.476   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   19  P   UNK     0    8663.5498668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           P+0
HETATM   20  O   UNK     0    8662.2168669.476   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   21  O   UNK     0    8664.3218667.370   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   22  O   UNK     0    8662.7828667.370   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   23  P   UNK     0    8660.8848668.703   0.000  0.00  0.00           P+0
HETATM   24  O   UNK     0    8661.6518667.370   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   25  O   UNK     0    8659.5438669.480   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   26  O   UNK     0    8660.1128667.370   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    3                                                       
CONECT    2    1    5    4                                                  
CONECT    3    1    7    6                                                  
CONECT    4    8    9    2                                                  
CONECT    5   10    2                                                       
CONECT    6   11   12    3                                                  
CONECT    7    3   13                                                       
CONECT    8    4                                                            
CONECT    9   14    4   10                                                  
CONECT   10    9    5                                                       
CONECT   11    6                                                            
CONECT   12   15    6                                                       
CONECT   13    7   15                                                       
CONECT   14    9   16                                                       
CONECT   15   17   13   12                                                  
CONECT   16   14   18                                                       
CONECT   17   15                                                            
CONECT   18   16   19                                                       
CONECT   19   18   20   21   22                                             
CONECT   20   19   23                                                       
CONECT   21   19                                                            
CONECT   22   19                                                            
CONECT   23   20   24   25   26                                             
CONECT   24   23                                                            
CONECT   25   23                                                            
CONECT   26   23                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   26    0   54    0
END

COMPND    https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=... 
AUTHOR    GENERATED BY OPEN BABEL 3.1.0
HETATM    1  C   UNL     1      -1.900   1.114   1.010  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C   UNL     1      -2.057  -0.255   0.400  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C   UNL     1      -1.153  -0.785  -0.430  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C   UNL     1       0.128  -0.131  -0.880  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C   UNL     1       1.253  -0.490   0.092  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O   UNL     1       2.467   0.130  -0.334  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  P   UNL     1       3.860  -0.033   0.457  1.00  0.00           P  
HETATM    8  O   UNL     1       3.735   0.647   1.910  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  O   UNL     1       4.175  -1.472   0.610  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  O   UNL     1       5.036   0.688  -0.374  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  P   UNL     1       6.641   0.561  -0.379  1.00  0.00           P  
HETATM   12  O   UNL     1       7.075  -0.729  -1.239  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   13  O   UNL     1       7.282   1.884  -1.035  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   14  O   UNL     1       7.129   0.413   1.011  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   15  S   UNL     1      -1.724  -2.383  -0.905  1.00  0.00           S  
HETATM   16  C   UNL     1      -3.121  -2.180   0.060  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  N   UNL     1      -3.095  -1.030   0.644  1.00  0.00           N1+
HETATM   18  C   UNL     1      -4.177  -0.600   1.534  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  C   UNL     1      -5.165   0.231   0.757  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   20  C   UNL     1      -5.077   1.609   0.747  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   21  N   UNL     1      -5.964   2.308   0.052  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   22  C   UNL     1      -6.922   1.708  -0.625  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   23  C   UNL     1      -7.907   2.546  -1.400  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   24  N   UNL     1      -7.043   0.396  -0.643  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   25  C   UNL     1      -6.189  -0.373   0.025  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   26  N   UNL     1      -6.319  -1.753   0.003  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   27  H   UNL     1      -2.356   1.858   0.356  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H   UNL     1      -2.391   1.136   1.983  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H   UNL     1      -0.840   1.338   1.132  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   30  H   UNL     1       0.384  -0.483  -1.879  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   31  H   UNL     1      -0.004   0.951  -0.899  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H   UNL     1       0.996  -0.138   1.091  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H   UNL     1       1.384  -1.572   0.112  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H   UNL     1       3.530   1.591   1.886  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H   UNL     1       6.788  -0.700  -2.163  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H   UNL     1       8.248   1.877  -1.071  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H   UNL     1      -3.909  -2.910   0.167  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H   UNL     1      -4.680  -1.476   1.943  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H   UNL     1      -3.763  -0.005   2.348  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H   UNL     1      -4.296   2.111   1.298  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H   UNL     1      -7.533   2.703  -2.412  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H   UNL     1      -8.867   2.031  -1.443  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H   UNL     1      -8.032   3.509  -0.906  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H   UNL     1      -7.038  -2.164  -0.502  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H   UNL     1      -5.692  -2.307   0.493  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   27   28   29                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    3   17                                       
CONECT    3    2    2    4   15                                       
CONECT    4    3    5   30   31                                       
CONECT    5    4    6   32   33                                       
CONECT    6    5    7                                                 
CONECT    7    6    8    9    9                                       
CONECT    7   10                                                      
CONECT    8    7   34                                                 
CONECT    9    7    7                                                 
CONECT   10    7   11                                                 
CONECT   11   10   12   13   14                                       
CONECT   11   14                                                      
CONECT   12   11   35                                                 
CONECT   13   11   36                                                 
CONECT   14   11   11                                                 
CONECT   15    3   16                                                 
CONECT   16   15   17   17   37                                       
CONECT   17   16   16    2   18                                       
CONECT   18   17   19   38   39                                       
CONECT   19   18   20   20   25                                       
CONECT   20   19   19   21   40                                       
CONECT   21   20   22   22                                            
CONECT   22   21   21   23   24                                       
CONECT   23   22   41   42   43                                       
CONECT   24   22   25   25                                            
CONECT   25   24   24   19   26                                       
CONECT   26   25   44   45                                            
CONECT   27    1                                                      
CONECT   28    1                                                      
CONECT   29    1                                                      
CONECT   30    4                                                      
CONECT   31    4                                                      
CONECT   32    5                                                      
CONECT   33    5                                                      
CONECT   34    8                                                      
CONECT   35   12                                                      
CONECT   36   13                                                      
CONECT   37   16                                                      
CONECT   38   18                                                      
CONECT   39   18                                                      
CONECT   40   20                                                      
CONECT   41   23                                                      
CONECT   42   23                                                      
CONECT   43   23                                                      
CONECT   44   26                                                      
CONECT   45   26                                                      
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   45    0   45    0
END

https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=...
 OpenBabel09142113213D
Jmol version 14.31.45  2021-07-21 05:08 EXTRACT: ({0:44})
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    7.2822    1.8843   -1.0346 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1291    0.4134    1.0109 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7238   -2.3827   -0.9047 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -4.1766   -0.6001    1.5338 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -5.0773    1.6090    0.7466 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9639    2.3083    0.0518 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.9220    1.7083   -0.6250 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -7.0431    0.3962   -0.6435 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.1892   -0.3735    0.0248 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.3195   -1.7526    0.0031 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    6.7884   -0.7002   -2.1625 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.2485    1.8771   -1.0706 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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   -5.6922   -2.3067    0.4935 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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  1 28  1  0  0  0  0
  1 29  1  0  0  0  0
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  2 17  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3 15  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4 30  1  0  0  0  0
  4 31  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  5 32  1  0  0  0  0
  5 33  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  7  9  2  1  0  0  0
  7 10  1  0  0  0  0
  8 34  1  0  0  0  0
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 13 36  1  0  0  0  0
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 16 17  2  0  0  0  0
 16 37  1  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 18 38  1  0  0  0  0
 18 39  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  2  0  0  0  0
 19 25  1  0  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
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 21 22  2  0  0  0  0
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 24 25  2  0  0  0  0
 25 26  1  0  0  0  0
 26 44  1  0  0  0  0
 26 45  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1  17   1
M  END
$$$$

View in JSmol View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
Thiamin diphosphate	ChEBI
Thiamin pyrophosphate	ChEBI
Thiamine diphosphate	ChEBI
THPP	ChEBI
TPP	ChEBI
Thiamin diphosphoric acid	Generator
Thiamin pyrophosphoric acid	Generator
Thiamine diphosphoric acid	Generator
Thiamine pyrophosphoric acid	Generator
Thaimine pyrophosphate	HMDB
Thiamin-ppi	HMDB
Thiamine-ppi	HMDB
Thiamine-pyrophosphate	HMDB
Cocarboxylase	HMDB
Berolase	HMDB
Pyrophosphate, thiamine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₂H₁₉N₄O₇P₂S

Average Molecular Weight

425.314

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

425.044967696

IUPAC Name

3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-{[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}ethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium

Traditional Name

thiamin pyrophosphate

CAS Registry Number

136-09-4

SMILES

CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C12H18N4O7P2S/c1-8-11(3-4-22-25(20,21)23-24(17,18)19)26-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H4-,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21)/p+1

InChI Key

AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamine phosphates. These are thiamine derivatives in which the hydroxyl group of the ethanol moiety is substituted by a phosphate group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Diazines

Sub Class

Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives

Direct Parent

Thiamine phosphates

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Thiamine-phosphate
Organic pyrophosphate
4,5-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole
Monoalkyl phosphate
Hydropyrimidine
Organic phosphoric acid derivative
Phosphoric acid ester
Alkyl phosphate
Imidolactam
Thiazole
Azole
Heteroaromatic compound
Azacycle
Organic oxide
Organic nitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic cation
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

1,3-thiazolium cation (CHEBI:9532 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect:

Health condition:

Cerebrocortical degeneration

Disposition

Source:

Endogenous

Biological location:

Organ and components:

Brain

Cell and elements:

Cell:

Fibroblast

Biofluid and excreta:

Subcellular:

Process

Naturally occurring process:

Biological process:

Biochemical pathway:

Role

Industrial application:

Pharmaceutical industry:

Pharmaceutical

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.15 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.2	ALOGPS
logP	-5.8	ChemAxon
logS	-3.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.78	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	5.53	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	8	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	168.97 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	8	ChemAxon
Refractivity	95.15 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	36.96 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Spectral Properties

Collision Cross Sections

Name	Adduct	Type	Data Source	Value	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	Predicted	Not Available	192.269	31661259
DarkChem	[M+H]+	Predicted	Not Available	192.269	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	Predicted	Not Available	185.88	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	Predicted	Not Available	185.88	31661259
AllCCS	[M+H]+	Predicted	Not Available	189.355	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	Predicted	Not Available	184.184	32859911

Retention Indices

Underivatized

Not Available

Derivatized

Not Available

Spectra

GC-MS

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-002b-9734000000-83738512818790cf1cc5	2017-09-01	View Spectrum

LC-MS/MS

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-0000900000-538ee08c2fc9a905eaad	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0309000000-b196fd5684e86907d04e	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0409000000-088cf88d5056ce245770	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-9822000000-011b97ebb9fdcebffc93	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-004i-9200000000-2ecd5ee7eb283c5cd990	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-0000900000-538ee08c2fc9a905eaad	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-0309000000-b196fd5684e86907d04e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-0409000000-088cf88d5056ce245770	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-004i-9822000000-670f784e69ef56047333	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-004i-9200000000-2ecd5ee7eb283c5cd990	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-004i-0201900000-9ca110d3800e4ebfad43	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-0900000000-dad8835a4b26b1df86c4	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-2900000000-83b0eb52fe05e7097aff	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-004i-0001900000-59ea8d394aed62700202	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-00b9-0614900000-08f09a377f03019f4457	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-0911000000-de2b56b98b01c6409b09	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-7d75ca5105912446e47b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-00di-2900000000-d632b8688f17a7a01de0	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-004i-0001900000-59ea8d394aed62700202	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00b9-0614900000-08f09a377f03019f4457	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00di-0911000000-50220cd41629c569db2d	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-b063cac7c36e5528d334	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00di-2900000000-d632b8688f17a7a01de0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-0000900000-08198f6dfeaa404b8b0f	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-9100200000-2d9e7e5d87267ce83dcc	2016-09-12	View Spectrum

NMR

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Tissue Locations

Brain
Erythrocyte
Fibroblasts

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Thiamine Metabolism
Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation
Citric Acid Cycle
Congenital lactic acidosis		Not Available
Fumarase deficiency		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0.0032 +/- 0.0022 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12111441	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.034 (0-0.066) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Cerebrocortical Degeneration	17642321	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0.0025 +/- 0.0017 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	12111441	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Cerebrocortical degeneration
Holtershinken M, Hohling A, Witte B, Scholz H: [Thiamine and its derivates in cattle blood measured by HPLC in healthy animals, in patients suffering from CCN and in their cohorts]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2007 Jun;114(6):212-8. [PubMed:17642321 ]
Alzheimer's disease
Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44. [PubMed:12111441 ]

Associated OMIM IDs

104300 (Alzheimer's disease)

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB01987

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

THIAMINE-PYROPHOSPHATE

BiGG ID

33732

Wikipedia Link

Thiamine pyrophosphate

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

ChEBI ID

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

THMPP

MarkerDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Zabrodskaya, S. V.; Oparin, D. A.; Ostrovskii, Yu. M. Selective synthesis of thiamine diphosphate. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1989), 59(1), 226-7.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Floridi A, Pupita M, Palmerini CA, Fini C, Alberti Fidanza A: Thiamine pyrophosphate determination in whole blood and erythrocytes by high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1984;54(2-3):165-71. [PubMed:6500839 ]
Essama-Tjani JC, Guilland JC, Fuchs F, Lombard M, Richard D: Changes in thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, beta-carotene, vitamins, C, A, D and E status of French Elderly Subjects during the first year of institutionalization. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2000 Mar;70(2):54-64. [PubMed:10804457 ]
Warnock LG: The measurement of erythrocyte thiamin pyrophosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1982 Nov 1;126(2):394-7. [PubMed:7158773 ]
Lynch PL, Trimble ER, Young IS: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiamine diphosphate in erythrocytes using internal standard methodology. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Nov 7;701(1):120-3. [PubMed:9389346 ]
Naito E, Ito M, Yokota I, Saijo T, Ogawa Y, Kuroda Y: Diagnosis and molecular analysis of three male patients with thiamine-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. J Neurol Sci. 2002 Sep 15;201(1-2):33-7. [PubMed:12163191 ]
Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Hernanz A, Fernandez-Vivancos E, Medina S, de Bustos F, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Sayed Y: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Jul;109(7-8):1035-44. [PubMed:12111441 ]
Baines M: Improved high performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiamin diphosphate in erythrocytes. Clin Chim Acta. 1985 Nov 29;153(1):43-8. [PubMed:4075519 ]
Duffy P, Morris H, Neilson G: Thiamin status of a Melanesian population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Aug;34(8):1584-92. [PubMed:7270482 ]
Kjosen B, Seim SH: The transketolase assay of thiamine in some diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Oct;30(10):1591-6. [PubMed:910736 ]
Winston AP, Jamieson CP, Madira W, Gatward NM, Palmer RL: Prevalence of thiamin deficiency in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2000 Dec;28(4):451-4. [PubMed:11054793 ]
Foulon V, Sniekers M, Huysmans E, Asselberghs S, Mahieu V, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M: Breakdown of 2-hydroxylated straight chain fatty acids via peroxisomal 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase: a revised pathway for the alpha-oxidation of straight chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):9802-12. Epub 2005 Jan 11. [PubMed:15644336 ]
Levy S, Herve C, Delacoux E, Erlinger S: Thiamine deficiency in hepatitis C virus and alcohol-related liver diseases. Dig Dis Sci. 2002 Mar;47(3):543-8. [PubMed:11911339 ]
Talwar D, Davidson H, Cooney J, St JO'Reilly D: Vitamin B(1) status assessed by direct measurement of thiamin pyrophosphate in erythrocytes or whole blood by HPLC: comparison with erythrocyte transketolase activation assay. Clin Chem. 2000 May;46(5):704-10. [PubMed:10794754 ]
Fidanza F, Simonetti MS, Floridi A, Codini M, Fidanza R: Comparison of methods for thiamin and riboflavin nutriture in man. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1989;59(1):40-7. [PubMed:2722424 ]
Tate JR, Nixon PF: Measurement of Michaelis constant for human erythrocyte transketolase and thiamin diphosphate. Anal Biochem. 1987 Jan;160(1):78-87. [PubMed:3565758 ]
Frank T, Bitsch R, Maiwald J, Stein G: High thiamine diphosphate concentrations in erythrocytes can be achieved in dialysis patients by oral administration of benfontiamine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;56(3):251-7. [PubMed:10952481 ]
Shimon I, Almog S, Vered Z, Seligmann H, Shefi M, Peleg E, Rosenthal T, Motro M, Halkin H, Ezra D: Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy. Am J Med. 1995 May;98(5):485-90. [PubMed:7733128 ]
Lavoie J, Butterworth RF: Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in brains of alcoholics in the absence of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Aug;19(4):1073-7. [PubMed:7485819 ]
Casteels M, Foulon V, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP: Alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids and its thiamine dependence. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Apr;270(8):1619-27. [PubMed:12694175 ]
Singleton CK, Martin PR: Molecular mechanisms of thiamine utilization. Curr Mol Med. 2001 May;1(2):197-207. [PubMed:11899071 ]
Schenk G, Duggleby RG, Nixon PF: Properties and functions of the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme transketolase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 Dec;30(12):1297-318. [PubMed:9924800 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:: PDHB
Uniprot ID:: P11177
Molecular weight:: 39233.1

Reactions

Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxide	details
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:: PDHA1
Uniprot ID:: P08559
Molecular weight:: 43295.255

Reactions

Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxide	details
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:: PDHA2
Uniprot ID:: P29803
Molecular weight:: 42932.855

Reactions

Pyruvic acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxide	details
2-(a-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

4. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:: BCKDHB
Uniprot ID:: P21953
Molecular weight:: 43122.065

Reactions

alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details
Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

5. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:: The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:: BCKDHA
Uniprot ID:: P12694
Molecular weight:: 50470.58

Reactions

alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
2-Methyl-1-hydroxypropyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details
Ketoleucine + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
3-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(3-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Carbon dioxide	details
2-Methyl-1-hydroxybutyl-ThPP + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

6. 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity
Specific function:: The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Gene Name:: OGDH
Uniprot ID:: Q02218
Molecular weight:: 48179.59

Reactions

Oxoglutaric acid + Thiamine pyrophosphate → 3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphate + Carbon dioxide	details
3-Carboxy-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphate + Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine → [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

7. Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1

General function:: Involved in thiamin diphosphokinase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Can also catalyze the phosphorylation of pyrithiamine to pyrithiamine pyrophosphate.
Gene Name:: TPK1
Uniprot ID:: Q9H3S4
Molecular weight:: 27265.05

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + Thiamine → Adenosine monophosphate + Thiamine pyrophosphate	details
Adenosine triphosphate + Thiamine pyrophosphate → ADP + Thiamine triphosphate	details

Enzyme Details

8. Transketolase-like protein 1

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).
Gene Name:: TKTL1
Uniprot ID:: P51854
Molecular weight:: 59302.195

Enzyme Details

9. Transketolase

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate.
Gene Name:: TKT
Uniprot ID:: P29401
Molecular weight:: 67876.95

Enzyme Details

10. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:: Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N-glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. Also hydrolyzes GDP and IDP but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a key role in the AKT1-PTEN signaling pathway by promoting glycolysis in proliferating cells in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ENTPD5
Uniprot ID:: O75356
Molecular weight:: 47516.985

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Showing metabocard for Thiamine pyrophosphate (HMDB0001372)

MOL for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

3D MOL for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

3D SDF for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

3D-SDF for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

PDB for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

3D PDB for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

SMILES for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

INCHI for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

Structure for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

3D Structure for HMDB0001372 (Thiamine pyrophosphate)

Collision Cross Sections

Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

GC-MS

LC-MS/MS

NMR

Enzymes

Reactions

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