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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-20 22:13:20 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:49 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001713
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0062774
  • HMDB01713
  • HMDB62774
Metabolite Identification
Common Namem-Coumaric acid
Descriptionm-Coumaric acid, also known as 3-coumarate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. m-Coumaric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. m-Coumaric acid (CAS: 588-30-7) is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora. Outside of the human body, m-Coumaric acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as olives, corns, and beers. m-Coumaric acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, strawberries, grape wines, garden tomato, and bilberries. MCT-mediated absorption of phenolic compounds per se and their colonic metabolites would exert a significant impact on human health (PMID:16870009 , 15479001 , 15479001 ). m-Coumaric acid is transported by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT). The amount of this compound in human biofluids is diet-dependant. m-Coumaric acid is detected after the consumption of whole grain.
Structure
Data?1676999749
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acidChEBI
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acidChEBI
(e)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acidChEBI
m-Hydroxycinnamic acidChEBI
trans-3-HydroxycinnamateChEBI
trans-3-Hydroxycinnamic acidChEBI
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoateKegg
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoateGenerator
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylateGenerator
(e)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoateGenerator
3-CoumarateGenerator
m-HydroxycinnamateGenerator
(2E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acidGenerator
m-CoumarateGenerator
3'-HydroxycinnamateHMDB
3'-Hydroxycinnamic acidHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoateHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acidHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylateHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylsaeureHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoateHMDB
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acidHMDB
3-HydroxycinnamateHMDB
3-Hydroxycinnamic acidHMDB
m-Hydroxy-cinnamateHMDB
m-Hydroxy-cinnamic acidHMDB
3-Coumaric acid, (e)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Meta-coumaric acidMeSH, HMDB
(E)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acidHMDB
(E)-3-Hydroxycinnamic acidHMDB
trans-3-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acidHMDB
trans-m-Coumaric acidHMDB
trans-m-Hydroxycinnamic acidHMDB
trans-3-CoumarateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC9H8O3
Average Molecular Weight164.158
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight164.047344122
IUPAC Name(2E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
Traditional Namem-coumaric acid
CAS Registry Number14755-02-3
SMILES
OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-3-1-2-7(6-8)4-5-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b5-4+
InChI KeyKKSDGJDHHZEWEP-SNAWJCMRSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassCinnamic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassHydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentHydroxycinnamic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cinnamic acid
  • Coumaric acid
  • Coumaric acid or derivatives
  • Hydroxycinnamic acid
  • Styrene
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point192 - 194 °CNot Available
Boiling Point373.00 to 374.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility27090 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP0.928 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.04 g/LALOGPS
logP1.71ALOGPS
logP1.83ChemAxon
logS-2.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.01ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity45.04 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.37 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+134.28632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.57132859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+132.52830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-130.03730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-165.730932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+140.63230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+134.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+129.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+138.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+139.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-132.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-133.632859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
m-Coumaric acidOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC=C13291.0Standard polar33892256
m-Coumaric acidOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC=C11631.2Standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acidOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC=C11758.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
m-Coumaric acid,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)/C=C/C1=CC=CC(O)=C11912.0Semi standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acid,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O)=C11856.9Semi standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)/C=C/C1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C11880.6Semi standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)/C=C/C1=CC=CC(O)=C12164.0Semi standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O)=C12121.9Semi standard non polar33892256
m-Coumaric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)/C=C/C1=CC=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C12381.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-0udl-1691000000-331053d0d0b85549ac0b2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udl-1691000000-331053d0d0b85549ac0b2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-1891000000-049e1d80dd47b23e8c282017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-02t9-2900000000-91ffd4c10eaed6a176322017-07-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00y3-6390000000-f1a30e2fb9cd1fb113412017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-03xr-7900000000-61ee2ad0ad164a1f75502015-03-01Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-03xr-0900000000-4259219e89806dfe26022012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-014i-4900000000-2157a17ec65ead35585e2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-00kf-9300000000-3325dd31a734dd4659bb2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-be33d196fbb525019f072012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-d256885fb0f35d3d66802012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-be33d196fbb525019f072017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-d256885fb0f35d3d66802017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-1900000000-87be0242c9f5b426f6b82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-9000000000-9e4128fa078e73e71cba2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-d256885fb0f35d3d66802021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-1865c168df491277a4d32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-296d14129321002679a32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kf-9700000000-6d29cdde66b32806de5f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-9da76da83e0462c48acf2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-bf33c5b8f5901c60b3322021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-2900000000-11ae76e2fe36da1dfbe62021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-b6bf0b46b2fa8324cf712021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 6V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0900000000-1065251e7cf92f3435332021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-0a87c81608b3fbcee7c92021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0900000000-b5ad37fb931b464df7d52017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-1900000000-c66c146ee9509bf8a4132017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0fvi-9700000000-fcc332df0fcb818fe0e02017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-408ac0dd8153541887502017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-146bae2da386ca2d4f1a2017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - m-Coumaric acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014m-3900000000-235b38f342376d1c9f902017-06-28Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.022 +/- 0.009 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.014 +/- 0.006 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.046 +/- 0.012 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.051 +/- 0.017 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.012 +/- 0.006 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.007 +/- 0.002 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.008 +/- 0.002 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.881 +/- 0.878 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot Available
Normal
      Not Available
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-3.4 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedBoth
Normal
details
FecesDetected and Quantified2.0103 +/- 0.548 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected and Quantified2.0712 +/- 0.426 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected and Quantified0.201 (0.0305-1.0843) nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified11.192 +/- 7.46 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.270 +/- 0.620 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.360 +/- 0.873 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableConsuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 463 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.032 +/- 0.059 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.078 +/- 0.085 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.052 +/- 0.065 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.092 +/- 0.092 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.17 +/- 0.15 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.019 +/- 0.013 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.013 +/- 0.0065 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.148 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.251 +/- 0.409 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.012 +/- 0.003 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
UrineDetected and Quantified18.808 +/- 9.712 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.345 +/- 5.041 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound ID463
FooDB IDFDB002590
KNApSAcK IDC00052344
Chemspider ID553147
KEGG Compound IDC12621
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkM-coumaric_acid
METLIN ID305
PubChem Compound637541
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID32357
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000341
Good Scents IDrw1417071
References
Synthesis ReferenceNeish, A. C. Formation of m- and p-coumaric acids by enzymic deamination of the corresponding isomers of tyrosine. Phytochemistry (Elsevier) (1961), 1 1-24.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
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  2. Baba S, Osakabe N, Natsume M, Yasuda A, Muto Y, Hiyoshi K, Takano H, Yoshikawa T, Terao J: Absorption, metabolism, degradation and urinary excretion of rosmarinic acid after intake of Perilla frutescens extract in humans. Eur J Nutr. 2005 Feb;44(1):1-9. Epub 2004 Feb 18. [PubMed:15309457 ]
  3. Gonthier MP, Verny MA, Besson C, Remesy C, Scalbert A: Chlorogenic acid bioavailability largely depends on its metabolism by the gut microflora in rats. J Nutr. 2003 Jun;133(6):1853-9. [PubMed:12771329 ]
  4. Kim MJ, Choi SJ, Kim HK, Kim CJ, Hong B, Kim YJ, Shin DH: Activation effects of Allium tuberosum Rottl. on choline acetyltransferase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Jan;71(1):226-30. Epub 2007 Jan 7. [PubMed:17213651 ]
  5. Shahidi F, Alasalvar C, Liyana-Pathirana CM: Antioxidant phytochemicals in hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut byproducts. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Feb 21;55(4):1212-20. Epub 2007 Jan 24. [PubMed:17249682 ]
  6. Liu HL, Wan X, Huang XF, Kong LY: Biotransformation of sinapic acid catalyzed by Momordica charantia peroxidase. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Feb 7;55(3):1003-8. [PubMed:17263505 ]
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  8. Luceri C, Giannini L, Lodovici M, Antonucci E, Abbate R, Masini E, Dolara P: p-Coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, inhibits platelet activity in vitro and in vivo. Br J Nutr. 2007 Mar;97(3):458-63. [PubMed:17313706 ]
  9. Funk C, Braune A, Grabber JH, Steinhart H, Bunzel M: Moderate ferulate and diferulate levels do not impede maize cell wall degradation by human intestinal microbiota. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Mar 21;55(6):2418-23. Epub 2007 Feb 24. [PubMed:17319685 ]
  10. Grande MJ, Lopez RL, Abriouel H, Valdivia E, Ben Omar N, Maqueda M, Martinez-Canamero M, Galvez A: Treatment of vegetable sauces with enterocin AS-48 alone or in combination with phenolic compounds to inhibit proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus. J Food Prot. 2007 Feb;70(2):405-11. [PubMed:17340876 ]
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  12. Efdi M, Itoh T, Akao Y, Nozawa Y, Koketsu M, Ishihara H: The isolation of secondary metabolites and in vitro potent anti-cancer activity of clerodermic acid from Enicosanthum membranifolium. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Jun 1;15(11):3667-71. Epub 2007 Mar 18. [PubMed:17400462 ]
  13. Azzini E, Bugianesi R, Romano F, Di Venere D, Miccadei S, Durazzo A, Foddai MS, Catasta G, Linsalata V, Maiani G: Absorption and metabolism of bioactive molecules after oral consumption of cooked edible heads of Cynara scolymus L. (cultivar Violetto di Provenza) in human subjects: a pilot study. Br J Nutr. 2007 May;97(5):963-9. [PubMed:17408528 ]
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Enzymes

General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
m-Coumaric acid → 6-{3-[(1E)-2-carboxyeth-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
m-Coumaric acid → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(2E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
General function:
sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of phenolic monoamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) and phenolic and catechol drugs.
Gene Name:
SULT1A3
Uniprot ID:
P0DMM9
Molecular weight:
34195.96
Reactions
m-Coumaric acid → (2E)-3-[3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]prop-2-enoic aciddetails