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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for 3-Methoxytyramine (HMDB00022)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:57:38
Accession Number HMDB00022
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB06022
Common Name 3-Methoxytyramine
Description The O-methylated derivative of dopamine. Dopamine is methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to make 3-Methoxytyramine. This compound can be broken down to homovanillic acid by monoamine oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Elevated concentrations of this compound are indicated for a variety of brain and carcinoid tumors as well as certain mental disorders.
Synonyms
  1. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl amine
  2. 3-Methoxytyramine
  3. 3-O-methyldopamine
  4. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
  5. 4-(2-amino-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
  6. 4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methoxy-Phenol
  7. 5-(2-aminoethyl)guaiacol
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
Chemical Formula C9H13NO2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Alcohols
Class
  • Catecholamines and Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Dopamines
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • phenol or hydroxyhetarene
  • alkyl aryl ether
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • aromatic compound
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 167.205
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 167.094635
Isomeric SMILES COC1=C(O)C=CC(CCN)=C1
Canonical SMILES COC1=C(O)C=CC(CCN)=C1
KEGG Compound ID C05587 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46076 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00022 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00022 Link Image
METLIN ID 5094 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1669 Link Image
PubChem Substance 3885186 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 554-52-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H13NO2/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3
Synthesis Reference Kametani, Tetsuji; Takano, Seiichi; Karibe, Etsuo. Syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. LXXXVII. Simplified synthesis of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-tosyloxyphenethylamine. Yakugaku Zasshi (1963), 83(11), 1035-9.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 5.36 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.08 [SANGSTER (1994)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.04 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.8 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Brain —
Most Tissues —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.0025 (0.0016-0.0029) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0014 +/- 0.0002 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Loeffler DA, LeWitt PA, DeMaggio AJ, Juneau PL, Milbury PE, Matson WR: Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1995;9(1):45-53. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.014 (0.0052-0.028) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.6 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guo K, Li L: Differential (12)C-/(13)C-Isotope Dansylation Labeling and Fast Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Absolute and Relative Quantification of the Metabolome. Anal Chem. 2009 Mar 23. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0005 +/- 0.0003 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Parkinson's disease
Comments Not Available
References
  • Loeffler DA, LeWitt PA, DeMaggio AJ, Juneau PL, Milbury PE, Matson WR: Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1995;9(1):45-53. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Parkinson's disease
  • Loeffler DA, LeWitt PA, DeMaggio AJ, Juneau PL, Milbury PE, Matson WR: Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1995;9(1):45-53. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism SMP00006 Link Image map00350 Link Image
General References
  1. Leysen JE, Wynants J, Eens A, Janssen PA: Ketanserin reduces a particular monoamine pool in peripheral tissues. Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Mar;35(3):375-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Faraj BA, Lawson DH, Nixon DW, Murray DR, Camp VM, Ali FM, Black M, Stacciarini W, Tarcan Y: Melanoma detection by enzyme-radioimmunoassay of L-dopa, dopamine, and 3-O-methyldopamine in urine. Clin Chem. 1981 Jan;27(1):108-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Muskiet FA, Thomasson CG, Gerding AM, Fremouw-Ottevangers DC, Nagel GT, Wolthers BG: Determination of catecholamines and their 3-O-methylated metabolites in urine by mass fragmentography with use of deuterated internal standards. Clin Chem. 1979 Mar;25(3):453-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Sparks DL, Hunsaker JC 3rd, Slevin JT: Postmortem accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine in the brain. N Engl J Med. 1984 Aug 23;311(8):540. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Peterson ZD, Collins DC, Bowerbank CR, Lee ML, Graves SW: Determination of catecholamines and metanephrines in urine by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Sep 5;776(2):221-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Beck O, Faull KF: Extractive acylation and mass spectrometric assay of 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine in cerebrospinal fluid. Anal Biochem. 1985 Sep;149(2):492-500. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Oeltmann T, Carson R, Shannon JR, Ketch T, Robertson D: Assessment of O-methylated catecholamine levels in plasma and urine for diagnosis of autonomic disorders. Auton Neurosci. 2004 Nov 30;116(1-2):1-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Yui K, Ikemoto S, Goto K: Factors for susceptibility to episode recurrence in spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun;965:292-304. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Uchikura K, Horikawa R, Tanimura T, Kabasawa Y: Determination of catecholamines by radioenzymatic assay using ion-pair liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1981 Apr 10;223(1):41-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Carlsson A, Lindqvist M, Kehr W: Postmortal accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine in brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1974;284(4):365-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Shoup RE, Kissinger PT: Determination of urinary normetanephrine, metanephrine, and 3-methoxytyramine by liquid chromatography, with amperometric detection. Clin Chem. 1977 Jul;23(7):1268-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Wester P, Puu G, Reiz S, Winblad B, Wester PO: Increased monoamine metabolite concentrations and cholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute stroke. Acta Neurol Scand. 1987 Dec;76(6):473-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S: The role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic hyperactivity in the development of spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis and susceptibility to episode recurrence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Oct;1025:296-306. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Rajput AH, Fenton ME, Di Paolo T, Sitte H, Pifl C, Hornykiewicz O: Human brain dopamine metabolism in levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004 Jun;10(4):221-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
  2. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
  3. Catechol O-methyltransferase
  4. cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5393
Enzyme 1 Name Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Monoamine oxidase type B
  2. MAO-B
Enzyme 1 Gene Name MAOB
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B 
MSNKCDVVVVGGGISGMAAAKLLHDSGLNVVVLEARDRVGGRTYTLRNQKVKYVDLGGSY
VGPTQNRILRLAKELGLETYKVNEVERLIHHVKGKSYPFRGPFPPVWNPITYLDHNNFWR
TMDDMGREIPSDAPWKAPLAEEWDNMTMKELLDKLCWTESAKQLATLFVNLCVTAETHEV
SALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIISTTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDRVKLERPVIYIDQ
TRENVLVETLNHEMYEAKYVISAIPPTLGMKIHFNPPLPMMRNQMITRVPLGSVIKCIVY
YKEPFWRKKDYCGTMIIDGEEAPVAYTLDDTKPEGNYAAIMGFILAHKARKLARLTKEER
LKKLCELYAKVLGSLEALEPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTTYFPPGILTQYGRVLRQPVDR
IYFAGTETATHWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREILHAMGKIPEDEIWQSEPESVDVPAQPITTT
FLERHLPSVPGLLRLIGLTTIFSATALGFLAHKRGLLVRV
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 520
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 58764
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.55
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + ammonia + H2O2
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 490-516
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 398415 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P27338 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AOFB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 2BK3 Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1560 bp 
ATGAGCAACAAATGCGACGTGGTCGTGGTGGGGGGCGGCATCTCAGGTATGGCAGCAGCC
AAACTTCTGCATGACTCTGGACTGAATGTGGTTGTTCTGGAAGCCCGGGACCGTGTGGGA
GGCAGGACTTACACTCTTAGGAACCAAAAGGTTAAATATGTGGACCTTGGAGGATCCTAT
GTTGGACCAACCCAGAATCGTATCTTGAGATTAGCCAAGGAGCTAGGATTGGAGACCTAC
AAAGTGAATGAGGTTGAGCGTCTGATCCACCATGTAAAGGGCAAATCATACCCCTTCAGG
GGGCCATTCCCACCTGTATGGAATCCAATTACCTACTTAGATCATAACAACTTTTGGAGG
ACAATGGATGACATGGGGCGAGAGATTCCGAGTGATGCCCCATGGAAGGCTCCCCTTGCA
GAAGAGTGGGACAACATGACAATGAAGGAGCTACTGGACAAGCTCTGCTGGACTGAATCT
GCAAAGCAGCTTGCCACTCTCTTTGTGAACCTGTGTGTCACTGCAGAGACCCATGAGGTC
TCTGCTCTCTGGTTCCTGTGGTATGTGAAGCAGTGTGGAGGCACAACAAGAATCATCTCG
ACAACAAATGGAGGACAGGAGAGGAAATTTGTGGGCGGATCTGGTCAAGTGAGTGAGCGG
ATAATGGACCTCCTTGGAGACCGAGTGAAGCTGGAGAGGCCTGTGATCTACATTGACCAG
ACAAGAGAAAATGTCCTTGTGGAGACCCTAAACCATGAGATGTATGAGGCTAAATATGTG
ATTAGTGCTATTCCTCCTACTCTGGGCATGAAGATTCACTTCAATCCCCCTCTGCCAATG
ATGAGAAACCAGATGATCACTCGTGTGCCTTTGGGTTCAGTCATCAAGTGTATAGTTTAT
TATAAAGAGCCTTTCTGGAGGAAAAAGGATTACTGTGGAACCATGATTATTGATGGAGAA
GAAGCTCCAGTTGCCTACACGTTGGATGATACCAAACCTGAAGGCAACTATGCTGCCATA
ATGGGATTTATCCTGGCCCACAAAGCCAGAAAACTGGCACGTCTTACCAAAGAGGAAAGG
TTGAAGAAACTTTGTGAACTCTATGCCAAGGTTCTGGGTTCCCTAGAAGCTCTGGAGCCA
GTGCATTATGAAGAAAAGAACTGGTGTGAGGAGCAGTACTCTGGGGGCTGCTACACAACT
TATTTCCCCCCTGGGATCCTGACTCAATATGGAAGGGTTCTACGCCAGCCAGTGGACAGG
ATTTACTTTGCAGGCACCGAGACTGCCACACACTGGAGCGGCTACATGGAGGGGGCTGTA
GAGGCCGGGGAGAGAGCAGCCCGAGAGATCCTGCATGCCATGGGGAAGATTCCAGAGGAT
GAAATCTGGCAGTCAGAACCAGAGTCTGTGGATGTCCCTGCACAGCCCATCACCACCACC
TTTTTGGAGAGACATTTGCCCTCCGTGCCAGGCCTGCTCAGGCTGATTGGATTGACCACC
ATCTTTTCAGCAACGGCTCTTGGCTTCCTGGCCCACAAAAGGGGGCTACTTGTGAGAGTC
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID S62734 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID MAOB Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID MAOB Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:6834 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location X
Enzyme 1 Locus Xp11.23
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Grimsby J, Chen K, Wang LJ, Lan NC, Shih JC: Human monoamine oxidase A and B genes exhibit identical exon-intron organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3637-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bach AW, Lan NC, Johnson DL, Abell CW, Bembenek ME, Kwan SW, Seeburg PH, Shih JC: cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of differences in enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4934-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chen K, Wu HF, Shih JC: The deduced amino acid sequences of human platelet and frontal cortex monoamine oxidase B are identical. J Neurochem. 1993 Jul;61(1):187-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Zhu QS, Grimsby J, Chen K, Shih JC: Promoter organization and activity of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes. J Neurosci. 1992 Nov;12(11):4437-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Newton-Vinson P, Hubalek F, Edmondson DE: High-level expression of human liver monoamine oxidase B in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif. 2000 Nov;20(2):334-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Binda C, Newton-Vinson P, Hubalek F, Edmondson DE, Mattevi A: Structure of human monoamine oxidase B, a drug target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nat Struct Biol. 2002 Jan;9(1):22-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5401
Enzyme 2 Name Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Monoamine oxidase type A
  2. MAO-A
Enzyme 2 Gene Name MAOA
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 
MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGGRTYTIRNEHV
DYVDVGGAYVGPTQNRILRLSKELGIETYKVNVSERLVQYVKGKTYPFRGAFPPVWNPIA
YLDYNNLWRTIDNMGKEIPTDAPWEAQHADKWDKMTMKELIDKICWTKTARRFAYLFVNI
NVTSEPHEVSALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIFSVTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDQVKL
NHPVTHVDQSSDNIIIETLNHEHYECKYVINAIPPTLTAKIHFRPELPAERNQLIQRLPM
GAVIKCMMYYKEAFWKKKDYCGCMIIEDEDAPISITLDDTKPDGSLPAIMGFILARKADR
LAKLHKEIRKKKICELYAKVLGSQEALHPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTAYFPPGIMTQYG
RVIRQPVGRIFFAGTETATKWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREVLNGLGKVTEKDIWVQEPESKD
VPAVEITHTFWERNLPSVSGLLKIIGFSTSVTALGFVLYKYKLLPRS
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 527
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 59682
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 7.96
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + ammonia + H2O2
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 498-518
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 187353 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21397 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AOFA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1O5W Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1584 bp 
ATGGAGAATCAAGAGAAGGCGAGTATCGCGGGCCACATGTTCGACGTAGTCGTGATCGGA
GGTGGCATTTCAGGACTATCTGCTGCCAAACTCTTGACTGAATATGGCGTTAGTGTTTTG
GTTTTAGAAGCTCGGGACAGGGTTGGAGGAAGAACATATACTATAAGGAATGAGCATGTT
GATTACGTAGATGTTGGTGGAGCTTATGTGGGACCAACCCAAAACAGAATCTTACGCTTG
TCTAAGGAGCTGGGCATAGAGACTTACAAAGTGAATGTCAGTGAGCGTCTCGTTCAATAT
GTCAAGGGGAAAACATATCCATTTCGGGGCGCCTTTCCACCAGTATGGAATCCCATTGCA
TATTTGGATTACAATAATCTGTGGAGGACAATAGATAACATGGGGAAGGAGATTCCAACT
GATGCACCCTGGGAGGCTCAACATGCTGACAAATGGGACAAAATGACCATGAAAGAGCTC
ATTGACAAAATCTGCTGGACAAAGACTGCTAGGCGGTTTGCTTATCTTTTTGTGAATATC
AATGTGACCTCTGAGCCTCACGAAGTGTCTGCCCTGTGGTTCTTGTGGTATGTGAAGCAG
TGCGGGGGCACCACTCGGATATTCTCTGTCACCAATGGTGGCCAGGAACGGAAGTTTGTA
GGTGGATCTGGTCAAGTGAGCGAACGGATAATGGACCTCCTCGGAGACCAAGTGAAGCTG
AACCATCCTGTCACTCACGTTGACCAGTCAAGTGACAACATCATCATAGAGACGCTGAAC
CATGAACATTATGAGTGCAAATACGTAATTAATGCGATCCCTCCGACCTTGACTGCCAAG
ATTCACTTCAGACCAGAGCTTCCAGCAGAGAGAAACCAGTTAATTCAGCGGCTTCCAATG
GGAGCTGTCATTAAGTGCATGATGTATTACAAGGAGGCCTTCTGGAAGAAGAAGGATTAC
TGTGGCTGCATGATCATTGAAGATGAAGATGCTCCAATTTCAATAACCTTGGATGACACC
AAGCCTGATGGGTCACTGCCTGCCATCATGGGCTTCATTCTTGCCCGGAAAGCTGATCGA
CTTGCTAAGCTACATAAGGAAATAAGGAAGAAGAAAATCTGTGAGCTCTATGCCAAAGTG
CTGGGATCCCAAGAAGCTTTACATCCAGTGCATTATGAAGAGAAGAACTGGTGTGAGGAG
CAGTACTCTGGGGGCTGCTACACGGCCTACTTCCCTCCTGGGATCATGACTCAATATGGA
AGGGTGATTCGTCAACCCGTGGGCAGGATTTTCTTTGCGGGCACAGAGACTGCCACAAAG
TGGAGCGGCTACATGGAAGGGGCAGTTGAGGCTGGAGAACGAGCAGCTAGGGAGGTCTTA
AATGGTCTCGGGAAGGTGACCGAGAAAGATATCTGGGTACAAGAACCTGAATCAAAGGAC
GTTCCAGCGGTAGAAATCACCCACACCTTCTGGGAAAGGAACCTGCCCTCTGTTTCTGGC
CTGCTGAAGATCATTGGATTTTCCACATCAGTAACTGCCCTGGGGTTTGTGCTGTACAAA
TACAAGCTCCTGCCACGGTCTTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M68840 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:6833 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location X
Enzyme 2 Locus Xp11.3
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Hsu YP, Weyler W, Chen S, Sims KB, Rinehart WB, Utterback MC, Powell JF, Breakefield XO: Structural features of human monoamine oxidase A elucidated from cDNA and peptide sequences. J Neurochem. 1988 Oct;51(4):1321-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bach AW, Lan NC, Johnson DL, Abell CW, Bembenek ME, Kwan SW, Seeburg PH, Shih JC: cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of differences in enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4934-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zhu QS, Grimsby J, Chen K, Shih JC: Promoter organization and activity of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes. J Neurosci. 1992 Nov;12(11):4437-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Denney RM: The promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene. Prog Brain Res. 1995;106:57-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Denney RM, Sharma A, Dave SK, Waguespack A: A new look at the promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene: mapping transcription initiation sites and capacity to drive luciferase expression. J Neurochem. 1994 Sep;63(3):843-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chen SA, Weyler W: Partial amino acid sequence analysis of human placenta monoamine oxidase A and bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 14;156(1):445-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Weyler W: Monoamine oxidase A from human placenta and monoamine oxidase B from bovine liver both have one FAD per subunit. Biochem J. 1989 Jun 15;260(3):725-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Li M, Hubalek F, Newton-Vinson P, Edmondson DE: High-level expression of human liver monoamine oxidase A in Pichia pastoris: comparison with the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Feb;24(1):152-62. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5504
Enzyme 3 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Catechol O-methyltransferase 
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 271
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 30037
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 5.15
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • O-methyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • methyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
Process
—
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 180920 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COMT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >816 bp 
ATGCCGGAGGCCCCGCCTCTGCTGTTGGCAGCTGTGTTGCTGGGCCTGGTGCTGCTGGTG
GTGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTGAGGCACTGGGGCTGGGGCCTGTGCCTTATCGGCTGGAACGAG
TTCATCCTGCAGCCCATCCACAACCTGCTCATGGGTGACACCAAGGAGCAGCGCATCCTG
AACCACGTGCTGCAGCATGCGGAGCCCGGGAACGCACAGAGCGTGCTGGAGGCCATTGAC
ACCTACTGCGAGCAGAAGGAGTGGGCCATGAACGTGGGCGACAAGAAAGGCAAGATCGTG
GACGCCGTGATTCAGGAGCACCAGCCCTCCGTGCTGCTGGAGCTGGGGGCCTACTGTGGC
TACTCAGCTGTGCGCATGGCCCGCCTGCTGTCACCAGGGGCGAGGCTCATCACCATCGAG
ATCAACCCCGACTGTGCCGCCATCACCCAGCGGATGGTGGATTTCGCTGGCGTGAAGGAC
AAGGTCACCCTTGTGGTTGGAGCGTCCCAGGACATCATCCCCCAGCTGAAGAAGAAGTAT
GATGTGGACACACTGGACATGGTCTTCCTCGACCACTGGAAGGACCGGTACCTGCCGGAC
ACGCTTCTCTTGGAGGAATGTGGCCTGCTGCGGAAGGGGACAGTGCTACTGGCTGACAAC
GTGATCTGCCCAGGTGCGCCAGACTTCCTAGCACACGTGCGCGGGAGCAGCTGCTTTGAG
TGCACACACTACCAATCGTTCCTGGAATACAGGGAGGTGGTGGACGGCCTGGAGAAGGCC
ATCTACAAGGGCCCAGGCAGCGAAGCAGGGCCCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M65212 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:2228 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 3 Locus 22q11.21-q11.23|22q11.21
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Lundstrom K, Salminen M, Jalanko A, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Cloning and characterization of human placental catechol-O-methyltransferase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;10(3):181-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bertocci B, Miggiano V, Da Prada M, Dembic Z, Lahm HW, Malherbe P: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase: cloning and expression of the membrane-associated form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1416-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tenhunen J, Salminen M, Lundstrom K, Kiviluoto T, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Genomic organization of the human catechol O-methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Aug 1;223(3):1049-59. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tilgmann C, Kalkkinen N: Purification and partial sequence analysis of the soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase from human placenta: comparison to the rat liver enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):995-1002. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ulmanen I, Lundstrom K: Cell-free synthesis of rat and human catechol O-methyltransferase. Insertion of the membrane-bound form into microsomal membranes in vitro. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Dec 18;202(3):1013-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Jun;6(3):243-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 16425
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name MAOB
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a) 
MSNKCDVVVVGGGISGMAAAKLLHDSGLNVVVLEARDRVGGRTYTLRNQKVKYVDLGGSY
VGPTQNRILRLAKELGLETYKVNEVERLIHHVKGKSYPFRGPFPPVWNPITYLDHNNFWR
TMDDMGREIPSDAPWKAPLAEEWDNMTMKELLDKLCWTESAKQLATLFVNLCVTAETHEV
SALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIISTTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDRVKLERPVIYIDQ
TRENVLVETLNHEMYEAKYVISAIPPTLGMKIHFNPPLPMMRNQMITRVPLGSVIKCIVY
YKEPFWRKKDYCGTMIIDGEEAPVAYTLDDTKPEGNYAAIMGFILAHKARKLARLTKEER
LKKLCELYAKVLGSLEALEPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTTYFPPGILTQYGRVLRQPVDR
IYFAGTETATHWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREILHAMGKIPEDEIWQSEPESVDVPAQPITTT
FLERHLPSVPGLLRLIGLTTIFSATALGFLAHKRGLLVRV
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 520
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 58764
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.55
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 4 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R6R3 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R6R3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID 2BK3 Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB File Show
Enzyme 4 3D Structure
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK312679 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID B2R6R3 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available