1. 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
2. Agifutol S
3. Bakezyme RX
4. Copren
5. Deltathione
6. GSH
7. Glutathion
8. Glutathione
9. Glutathione red
10. Glutathione reduced
11. Glutathione-SH
12. Glutatiol
13. Glutatione
14. Glutide
15. Glutinal
16. L-g-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine
17. L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine
18. Isethion
19. L-Glutathione
20. L-Glutathione reduce
21. L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
22. L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
23. Ledac
24. Neuthion
25. Reduced glutathione
26. Tathion
27. Tathione
28. Triptide
29. gamma-Glutamylcysteinylglycine
30. gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
31. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine
32. red. glutathione

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
• endoplasmic reticulum
• Extracellular
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cellular Cytoplasm
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 271900 (Canavan disease)
• 126200 (Multiple sclerosis)

1. Djurhuus R, Segadal K, Svardal AM: Glutathione in blood cells decreases without DNA breaks after a simulated saturation dive to 250 msw. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Jun;77(6):597-604. [PubMed ]
2. Bayir H, Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin V, Ruppel RA, Adelson PD, Graham SH, Janesko K, Clark RS, Kochanek PM: Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatr Res. 2002 May;51(5):571-8. [PubMed ]
3. Hung CR: Effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in diabetic rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct 7;11(37):5853-8. [PubMed ]
4. Grattagliano I, Portincasa P, Palmieri VO, Palasciano G: Contribution of canalicular glutathione efflux to bile formation. From cholestasis associated alterations to pharmacological intervention to modify bile flow. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2005 Jun;5(2):153-61. [PubMed ]
5. Calvo-Marzal P, Chumbimuni-Torres KY, Hoehr NF, Kubota LT: Determination of glutathione in hemolysed erythrocyte with amperometric sensor based on TTF-TCNQ. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Sep;371(1-2):152-8. Epub 2006 May 2. [PubMed ]
6. Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Ravagna A, Bella R, Butterfield DA, Calvani M, Pennisi G, Giuffrida Stella AM: Disruption of thiol homeostasis and nitrosative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis: evidence for a protective role of acetylcarnitine. Neurochem Res. 2003 Sep;28(9):1321-8. [PubMed ]
7. Sohlenius-Sternbeck AK, Schmidt S: Impaired glutathione-conjugating capacity by cryopreserved human and rat hepatocytes. Xenobiotica. 2005 Jul;35(7):727-36. [PubMed ]
8. Iida M, Yasuhara T, Mochizuki H, Takakura H, Yanagisawa T, Kubo H: Two Japanese brothers with hereditary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(1):49-55. [PubMed ]
9. Briz O, Romero MR, Martinez-Becerra P, Macias RI, Perez MJ, Jimenez F, San Martin FG, Marin JJ: OATP8/1B3-mediated cotransport of bile acids and glutathione: an export pathway for organic anions from hepatocytes? J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 13;281(41):30326-35. Epub 2006 Jul 28. [PubMed ]
10. Czeczot H, Scibior D, Skrzycki M, Podsiad M: [Antioxidant barrier in patients with gastric cancer--preliminary study] Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Oct;19(112):521-5. [PubMed ]
11. Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18. [PubMed ]
12. Czeczot H, Scibior D, Skrzycki M, Podsiad M: Glutathione and GSH-dependent enzymes in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biochim Pol. 2006;53(1):237-42. Epub 2006 Jan 9. [PubMed ]
13. Kawakami Y, Monobe M, Kuwabara K, Fujita T, Maeda M, Fujino O, Kojima S, Fukunaga Y: A comparative study of nitric oxide, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activities in cerebrospinal fluid from children with convulsive diseases/children with aseptic meningitis. Brain Dev. 2006 May;28(4):243-6. Epub 2006 Jan 10. [PubMed ]
14. Kaynar H, Meral M, Turhan H, Keles M, Celik G, Akcay F: Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, total glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 2005 Sep 28;227(2):133-9. Epub 2005 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
15. Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, Ho YP, Ho KY, Wu YM, Hung CC: Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005 Oct;40(5):378-84. [PubMed ]
16. Wielandt AM, Vollrath V, Farias M, Chianale J: Bucillamine induces glutathione biosynthesis via activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Aug 14;72(4):455-62. Epub 2006 Jun 27. [PubMed ]
17. Oztezcan S, Balkan J, Dogru-Abbasoglu S, Cevikbas U, Aykac-Toker G, Uysal M: Resistance of erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation in cirrhotic rats. Arch Med Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;36(5):459-63. [PubMed ]
18. Schulpis KH, Papassotiriou I, Parthimos T, Tsakiris T, Tsakiris S: The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte membrane. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;60(5):593-7. [PubMed ]
19. Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Hoffmaster KA, Nezasa K, Tallman MN, Brouwer KL: Integration of hepatic drug transporters and phase II metabolizing enzymes: mechanisms of hepatic excretion of sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione metabolites. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006 Apr;27(5):447-86. Epub 2006 Feb 10. [PubMed ]
20. Iwasaki Y, Hoshi M, Ito R, Saito K, Nakazawa H: Analysis of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in human saliva using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Jul 24;839(1-2):74-9. Epub 2006 Apr 18. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Prostaglandin E synthase
2. Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial precursor
3. Lactoylglutathione lyase
4. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 precursor
5. Glutathione synthetase
6. Leukotriene C4 synthase
7. Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2
8. Glutathione peroxidase 7 precursor
9. Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase precursor
10. Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1
11. Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase
12. Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1
13. Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3
14. Glutathione S-transferase A1
15. Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
16. Glutathione S-transferase theta-2
17. Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4
18. Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5
19. Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2
20. Glutathione transferase omega-1
21. Glutathione S-transferase A5
22. Glutathione S-transferase A2
23. Glutathione peroxidase 6 precursor
24. Glutathione S-transferase A3
25. Glutathione S-transferase A4
26. Glutathione peroxidase 1
27. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial precursor
28. Glutathione peroxidase 3 precursor
29. Glutathione transferase omega-2
30. Glutathione S-transferase theta-1
31. Glutathione peroxidase 2
32. Glutathione S-transferase P
33. Glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthase
34. RalA-binding protein 1
35. Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like protein
36. Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 homolog
37. Uncharacterized protein GSTZ1
38. GGTL3 protein (Fragment)
39. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1
40. Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Glutathione S-transferase A3, isoform CRA_b)
41. cDNA FLJ75746, highly similar to Homo sapiens glutathione S- transferase M4 (GSTM4), transcript variant 1, mRNA (Glutathione S- transferase M4, isoform CRA_d)
42. LOC51064 protein (Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1, isoform CRA_d) (Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1) (cDNA FLJ78056)
43. cDNA FLJ76401, highly similar to Homo sapiens microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1), transcript variant 1b, mRNA (Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1, isoform CRA_a)
44. cDNA PSEC0100 fis, clone NT2RP2002927, highly similar to Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (Thioredoxin domain containing 12) (Endoplasmic reticulum)
45. cDNA, FLJ96415, Homo sapiens glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4), mRNA (Glutathione S-transferase A4, isoform CRA_b)
46. cDNA, FLJ92385, Homo sapiens microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (MGST3), mRNA (Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3, isoform CRA_a)
47. cDNA FLJ32487 fis, clone SKNSH1000002, highly similar to Prostaglandin E synthase 2 (EC 5.3.99.3)

1. Microsomal glutathione S- transferase 1-like 1
2. MGST1-L1
3. p53-induced apoptosis protein 12

MPAHSLVMSSPALPAFLLCSTLLVIKMYVVAIITGQVRLRKKAFANPEDALRHGGPQYCR
SDPDVERCLRAHRNDMETIYPFLFLGFVYSFLGPNPFVAWMHFLVFLVGRVAHTVAYLGK
LRAPIRSVTYTLAQLPCASMALQILWEAARHL

• Arachidonic acid metabolism (map00590 )

• (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate

• MAPEG (PF01124 )

• 1-31

ATGCCTGCCCACAGCCTGGTGATGAGCAGCCCGGCCCTCCCGGCCTTCCTGCTCTGCAGC
ACGCTGCTGGTCATCAAGATGTACGTGGTGGCCATCATCACGGGCCAAGTGAGGCTGCGG
AAGAAGGCCTTTGCCAACCCCGAGGATGCCCTGAGACACGGAGGAGGCCCCCAGTATTGC
AGGAGCGACCCCGACGTGGAACGCTGCCTCAGGGCCCACCGGAACGACATGGAGACCATC
TACCCCTTCCTTTTCCTGGGCTTCGTCTACTCCTTTCTGGGTCCTAACCCTTTTGTCGCC
TGGATGCACTTCCTGGTCTTCCTCGTGGGCCGTGTGGCACACACCGTGGCCTACCTGGGG
AAGCTGCGGGCACCCATCCGCTCCGTGACCTACACCCTGGCCCAGCTCCCCTGCGCCTCC
ATGGCTCTGCAGATCCTCTGGGAAGCGGCCCGCCACCTGTGA

1. Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier JL, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: A model for p53-induced apoptosis. Nature. 1997 Sep 18;389(6648):300-5. [PubMed ]
2. Jakobsson PJ, Thoren S, Morgenstern R, Samuelsson B: Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 22;96(13):7220-5. [PubMed ]
3. Forsberg L, Leeb L, Thoren S, Morgenstern R, Jakobsson P: Human glutathione dependent prostaglandin E synthase: gene structure and regulation. FEBS Lett. 2000 Apr 7;471(1):78-82. [PubMed ]

1. GR
2. GRase

MALLPRALSAGAGPSWRRAARAFRGFLLLLPEPAALTRALSRAMACRQEPQPQGPPPAAG
AVASYDYLVIGGGSGGLASARRAAELGARAAVVESHKLGGTCVNVGCVPKKVMWNTAVHS
EFMHDHADYGFPSCEGKFNWRVIKEKRDAYVSRLNAIYQNNLTKSHIEIIRGHAAFTSDP
KPTIEVSGKKYTAPHILIATGGMPSTPHESQIPGASLGITSDGFFQLEELPGRSVIVGAG
YIAVEMAGILSALGSKTSLMIRHDKVLRSFDSMISTNCTEELENAGVEVLKFSQVKEVKK
TLSGLEVSMVTAVPGRLPVMTMIPDVDCLLWAIGRVPNTKDLSLNKLGIQTDDKGHIIVD
EFQNTNVKGIYAVGDVCGKALLTPVAIAAGRKLAHRLFEYKEDSKLDYNNIPTVVFSHPP
IGTVGLTEDEAIHKYGIENVKTYSTSFTPMYHAVTKRKTKCVMKMVCANKEEKVVGIHMQ
GLGCDEMLQGFAVAVKMGATKADFDNTVAIHPTSSEELVTLR

• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+

• Pyr_redox (PF00070 )
• Pyr_redox_2 (PF07992 )
• Pyr_redox_dim (PF02852 )

• 1-37

ATGGCCTGCAGGCAGGAGCCGCAGCCGCAGGGCCCGCCGCCCGCTGCTGGCGCCGTGGCC
TCCTATGACTACCTGGTGATCGGGGGCGGCTCGGGCGGGCTGGCCAGCGCGCGCAGGGCG
GCCGAGCTGGGTGCCAGGGCCGCCGTGGTGGAGAGCCACAAGCTGGGTGGCACTTGCGTG
AATGTTGGATGTGTACCCAAAAAGGTAATGTGGAACACAGCTGTCCACTCTGAATTCATG
CATGATCATGCTGATTATGGCTTTCCAAGTTGTGAGGGTAAATTCAATTGGCGTGTTATT
AAGGAAAAGCGGGATGCCTATGTGAGCCGCCTGAATGCCATCTATCAAAACAATCTCACC
AAGTCCCATATAGAAATCATCCGTGGCCATGCAGCCTTCACGAGTGATCCCAAGCCCACA
ATAGAGGTCAGTGGGAAAAAGTACACCGCCCCACACATCCTGATCGCCACAGGTGGTATG
CCCTCCACCCCTCATGAGAGCCAGATCCCCGGTGCCAGCTTAGGAATAACCAGCGATGGA
TTTTTTCAGCTGGAAGAATTGCCCGGCCGCAGCGTCATTGTTGGTGCAGGTTACATTGCT
GTGGAGATGGCAGGGATCCTGTCAGCCCTGGGTTCTAAGACATCACTGATGATACGGCAT
GATAAGGTACTTAGAAGTTTTGATTCAATGATCAGCACCAACTGCACGGAGGAGCTGGAG
AACGCTGGCGTGGAGGTGCTGAAGTTCTCCCAGGTCAAGGAGGTTAAAAAGACTTTGTCG
GGCTTGGAAGTCAGCATGGTTACTGCAGTTCCCGGTAGGCTACCAGTCATGACCATGATT
CCAGATGTTGACTGCCTGCTCTGGGCCATTGGGCGGGTCCCGAATACCAAGGACCTGAGT
TTAAACAAACTGGGGATTCAAACCGATGACAAGGGTCATATCATCGTAGACGAATTCCAG
AATACCAACGTCAAAGGCATCTATGCAGTTGGGGATGTATGTGGAAAAGCTCTTCTTACT
CCAGTTGCAATAGCTGCTGGCCGAAAACTTGCCCATCGACTTTTTGAATATAAGGAAGAT
TCCAAATTAGATTATAACAACATCCCAACTGTGGTCTTCAGCCACCCCCCTATTGGGACA
GTGGGACTCACGGAAGATGAAGCCATTCATAAATATGGAATAGAAAATGTGAAGACCTAT
TCAACGAGCTTTACCCCGATGTATCACGCAGTTACCAAAAGGAAAACAAAATGTGTGATG
AAAATGGTCTGTGCTAACAAGGAAGAAAAGGTGGTTGGGATCCATATGCAGGGACTTGGG
TGTGATGAAATGCTGCAGGGTTTTGCTGTTGCAGTGAAGATGGGAGCAACGAAGGCAGAC
TTTGACAACACAGTCGCCATTCACCCTACCTCTTCAGAAGAGCTGGTCACACTTCGTTGA

1. Tutic M, Lu XA, Schirmer RH, Werner D: Cloning and sequencing of mammalian glutathione reductase cDNA. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Mar 30;188(3):523-8. [PubMed ]
2. Kelner MJ, Montoya MA: Structural organization of the human glutathione reductase gene: determination of correct cDNA sequence and identification of a mitochondrial leader sequence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Mar 16;269(2):366-8. [PubMed ]
3. Krauth-Siegel RL, Blatterspiel R, Saleh M, Schiltz E, Schirmer RH, Untucht-Grau R: Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. The sequences of the NADPH domain and of the interface domain. Eur J Biochem. 1982 Jan;121(2):259-67. [PubMed ]
4. Krohne-Ehrich G, Schirmer RH, Untucht-Grau R: Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Isolation of the enzyme and sequence analysis of the redox-active peptide. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Oct 17;80(1):65-71. [PubMed ]
5. Thieme R, Pai EF, Schirmer RH, Schulz GE: Three-dimensional structure of glutathione reductase at 2 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1981 Nov 15;152(4):763-82. [PubMed ]
6. Karplus PA, Schulz GE: Refined structure of glutathione reductase at 1.54 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1987 Jun 5;195(3):701-29. [PubMed ]
7. Savvides SN, Karplus PA: Kinetics and crystallographic analysis of human glutathione reductase in complex with a xanthene inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 5;271(14):8101-7. [PubMed ]
8. Stoll VS, Simpson SJ, Krauth-Siegel RL, Walsh CT, Pai EF: Glutathione reductase turned into trypanothione reductase: structural analysis of an engineered change in substrate specificity. Biochemistry. 1997 May 27;36(21):6437-47. [PubMed ]
9. Becker K, Savvides SN, Keese M, Schirmer RH, Karplus PA: Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO-carriers. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Apr;5(4):267-71. [PubMed ]

1. Methylglyoxalase
2. Aldoketomutase
3. Glyoxalase I
4. Glx I
5. Ketone-aldehyde mutase
6. S-D- lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyase

MAEPQPPSGGLTDEAALSCCSDADPSTKDFLLQQTMLRVKDPKKSLDFYTRVLGMTLIQK
CDFPIMKFSLYFLAYEDKNDIPKEKDEKIAWALSRKATLELTHNWGTEDDETQSYHNGNS
DPRGFGHIGIAVPDVYSACKRFEELGVKFVKKPDDGKMKGLAFIQDPDGYWIEILNPNKM
ATLM

• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal

• Glyoxalase (PF00903 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGAACCGCAGCCCCCGTCCGGCGGCCTCACGGACGAGGCCGCCCTCAGTTGCTGC
TCCGACGCGGACCCCAGTACCAAGGATTTTCTATTGCAGCAGACCATGCTACGAGTGAAG
GATCCTAAGAAGTCACTGGATTTTTATACTAGAGTTCTTGGAATGACGCTAATCCAAAAA
TGTGATTTTCCCATTATGAAGTTTTCACTCTACTTCTTGGCTTATGAGGATAAAAATGAC
ATCCCTAAAGAAAAAGATGAAAAAATAGCCTGGGCGCTCTCCAGAAAAGCTACACTTGAG
CTGACACACAATTGGGGCACTGAAGATGATGCGACCCAGAGTTACCACAATGGCAATTCA
GACCCTCGAGGATTCGGTCATATTGGAATTGCTGTTCCTGATGTATACAGTGCTTGTAAA
AGGTTTGAAGAACTGGGAGTCAAATTTGTGAAGAAACCTGATGATGGTAAAATGAAAGGC
CTGGCATTTATTCAAGATCCTGATGGCTACTGGATTGAAATTTTGAATCCTAACAAAATG
GCAACCTTAATGTAG

1. Kim NS, Umezawa Y, Ohmura S, Kato S: Human glyoxalase I. cDNA cloning, expression, and sequence similarity to glyoxalase I from Pseudomonas putida. J Biol Chem. 1993 May 25;268(15):11217-21. [PubMed ]
2. Ranganathan S, Walsh ES, Godwin AK, Tew KD: Cloning and characterization of human colon glyoxalase-I. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 15;268(8):5661-7. [PubMed ]
3. Ridderstrom M, Mannervik B: Optimized heterologous expression of the human zinc enzyme glyoxalase I. Biochem J. 1996 Mar 1;314 ( Pt 2):463-7. [PubMed ]
4. Ranganathan S, Ciaccio PJ, Walsh ES, Tew KD: Genomic sequence of human glyoxalase-I: analysis of promoter activity and its regulation. Gene. 1999 Nov 15;240(1):149-55. [PubMed ]
5. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
6. Cameron AD, Olin B, Ridderstrom M, Mannervik B, Jones TA: Crystal structure of human glyoxalase I--evidence for gene duplication and 3D domain swapping. EMBO J. 1997 Jun 16;16(12):3386-95. [PubMed ]
7. Ridderstrom M, Cameron AD, Jones TA, Mannervik B: Involvement of an active-site Zn2+ ligand in the catalytic mechanism of human glyoxalase I. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21;273(34):21623-8. [PubMed ]
8. Cameron AD, Ridderstrom M, Olin B, Kavarana MJ, Creighton DJ, Mannervik B: Reaction mechanism of glyoxalase I explored by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the human enzyme in complex with a transition state analogue. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 12;38(41):13480-90. [PubMed ]

1. Gamma- glutamyltransferase 1
2. GGT 1
3. CD224 antigen[Contains: Gamma- glutamyltranspeptidase 1 heavy chain
4. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 light chain]

MKKKLVVLGLLAVVLVLVIVGLCLWLPSASKEPDNHVYTRAAVAADAKQCSKIGRDALRD
GGSAVDAAIAALLCVGLMNAHSMGIGGGLFLTIYNSTTRKAEVINAREVAPRLAFATMFN
SSEQSQKGGLSVAVPGEIRGYELAHQRHGRLPWARLFQPSIQLARQGFPVGKGLAAALEN
KRTVIEQQPVLCEVFCRDRKVLREGERLTLPQLADTYETLAIEGAQAFYNGSLTAQIVKD
IQAAGGIVTAEDLNNYRAELIEHPLNISLGDVVLYMPSAPLSGPVLALILNILKGYNFSR
ESVESPEQKGLTYHRIVEAFRFAYAKRTLLGDPKFVDVTEVVRNMTSEFFAAQLRAQISD
DTTHPISYYKPEFYTPDDGGTAHLSVVAEDGSAVSATSTINLYFGSKVRSPVSGILFNNE
MDDFSSPSITNEFGVPPSPANFIQPGKQPLSSMCPTIMVGQDGQVRMVVGAAGGTQITTA
TALAIIYNLWFGYDVKRAVEEPRLHNQLLPNVTTVERNIDQAVTAALETRHHHTQIASTF
IAVVQAIVRTAGGWAAASDSRKGGEPAGY

• Arachidonic acid metabolism (map00590 )
• Cyanoamino acid metabolism (map00460 )
• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )
• Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism (map00430 )

• (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid

• G_glu_transpept (PF01019 )

• 1-30

ATGAAGAAGAAGTTAGTGGTGCTGGGCCTGCTGGCCGTGGTCCTGGTGCTGGTCATTGTC
GGCCTCTGTCTCTGGCTGCCCTCAGCCTCCAAGGAACCTGACAACCATGTGTACACCAGG
GCTGCCGTGGCCGCGGATGCCAAGCAGTGCTCGAAGATTGGGAGGGATGCACTGCGGGAC
GGTGGCTCTGCGGTGGATGCAGCCATTGCAGCCCTGTTGTGTGTGGGGCTCATGAATGCC
CACAGCATGGGCATCGGGGGTGGCCTCTTCCTCACCATCTACAACAGCACCACACGAAAA
GCTGAGGTCATCAACGCCCGCGAGGTGGCCCCCAGGCTGGCCTTTGCCACCATGTTCAAC
AGCTCGGAGCAGTCCCAGAAGGGGGGGCTGTCGGTGGCGGTGCCTGGGGAGATCCGAGGC
TATGAGCTGGCACACCAGCGGCATGGGCGGCTGCCCTGGGCTCGCCTCTTCCAGCCCAGC
ATCCAGCTGGCCCGCCAGGGCTTCCCCGTGGGCAAGGGCTTGGCGGCAGCCCTGGAAAAC
AAGCGGACCGTCATCGAGCAGCAGCCTGTCTTGTGTGAGGTGTTCTGCCGGGATAGAAAG
GTGCTTCGGGAGGGGGAGAGACTGACCCTGCCGCAGCTGGCTGACACCTACGAGACGCTG
GCCATCGAGGGTGCCCAGGCCTTCTACAACGGCAGCCTCACGGCCCAGATTGTGAAGGAC
ATCCAGGCGGCCGGGGGCATTGTGACAGCTGAGGACCTGAACAACTACCGTGCTGAGCTG
ATCGAGCACCCGCTGAACATCAGCCTGGGAGACGCGGTGCTGTACATGCCCAGTGCGCCG
CTCAGCGGGCCCGTGCTGGCCCTCATCCTCAACATCCTCAAAGGGTACAACTTCTCCCGG
GAGAGCGTGGAGAGCCCCGAGCAGAAGGGCCTGACGTACCACCGCATCGTAGAGGCTTTC
CGGTTTGCCTACGCCAAGAGGACCCTGCTTGGGGACCCCAAGTTTGTGGATGTGACTGAG
GTGGTCCGCAACATGACCTCCGAGTTCTTCGCTGCCCAGCTCCGGGCCCAGATCTCTGAC
GACACCACTCACCCGATCTCCTACTACAAGCCCGAGTTCTACACGCCGGATGACGGGGGC
ACTGCTCACCTGTCTGTCGTCGCAGAGGACGGCAGTGCTGTGTCCGCCACCAGCACCATC
AACCTCTACTTTGGCTCCAAGGTCCGCTCCCCGGTCAGCGGGATCCTGTTCAATAATGAA
ATGGACGACTTCAGCTCTCCCAGCATCACCAACGAGTTTGGGGTACCCCCCTCACCTGCC
AATTTCATCCAGCCAGGGAAGCAGCCGCTCTCGTCCATGTGCCCGACGATCATGGTGGGC
CAGGACGGCCAGGTCCGGATGGTGGTGGGAGCTGCTGGGGGCACACAGATCACCACGGCC
ACTGCACTGGCCATCATCTACAACCTCTGGTTCGGCTATGACGTGAAGCGGGCCGTGGAG
GAGCCCCGGCTGCACAACCAGCTTCTGCCCAACGTCACGACAGTGGAGAGAAACATTGAC
CAGGCAGTGACTGCAGCCCTGGAGACCCGGCACCATCACACCCAGATCGCGTCCACCTTC
ATCGCTGTGGTGCAAGCCATCGTCCGCACGGCTGGTGGCTGGGCAGCTGCCTCGGACTCC
AGGAAAGGCGGGGAGCCTGCCGGCTACTGA

1. Rajpert-De Meyts E, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8840-4. [PubMed ]
2. Sakamuro D, Yamazoe M, Matsuda Y, Kangawa K, Taniguchi N, Matsuo H, Yoshikawa H, Ogasawara N: The primary structure of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Gene. 1988 Dec 15;73(1):1-9. [PubMed ]
3. Pitot HC, Goodspeed D, Dunn T, Hendrich S, Maronpot RR, Moran S: Regulation of the expression of some genes for enzymes of glutathione metabolism in hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Jan;97(1):23-34. [PubMed ]
4. Goodspeed DC, Dunn TJ, Miller CD, Pitot HC: Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cDNA: comparison of hepatoma and kidney mRNA in the human and rat. Gene. 1989 Mar 15;76(1):1-9. [PubMed ]
5. Pawlak A, Cohen EH, Octave JN, Schweickhardt R, Wu SJ, Bulle F, Chikhi N, Baik JH, Siegrist S, Guellaen G: An alternatively processed mRNA specific for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in human tissues. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25;265(6):3256-62. [PubMed ]
6. Courtay C, Oster T, Michelet F, Visvikis A, Diederich M, Wellman M, Siest G: Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma-glutamyltransferase polypeptide in human tissues. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Jun 23;43(12):2527-33. [PubMed ]
7. Wetmore LA, Gerard C, Drazen JM: Human lung expresses unique gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 15;90(16):7461-5. [PubMed ]
8. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed ]
9. Tate SS, Khadse V, Wellner D: Renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases: structural and immunological studies. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 May 1;262(2):397-408. [PubMed ]
10. Chikhi N, Holic N, Guellaen G, Laperche Y: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene organization and expression: a comparative analysis in rat, mouse, pig and human species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Apr;122(4):367-80. [PubMed ]
11. Tate SS, Ross ME: Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit. J Biol Chem. 1977 Sep 10;252(17):6042-5. [PubMed ]
12. Tate SS, Galbraith RA: In vitro translation and processing of human hepatoma cell (Hep G2) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Aug 15;154(3):1167-73. [PubMed ]
13. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N: Significance of Arg-107 and Glu-108 in the catalytic mechanism of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Identification by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):3980-5. [PubMed ]
14. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N, Meister A: Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mutants involving conserved aspartate residues and the unique cysteine residue of the light subunit. J Biol Chem. 1995 May 26;270(21):12471-5. [PubMed ]
15. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Anderson ME, Taniguchi N, Meister A: Involvement of Ser-451 and Ser-452 in the catalysis of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 22;270(38):22223-8. [PubMed ]
16. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N: Effects of substitutions of the conserved histidine residues in human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1996 Jun;119(6):1166-70. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione synthase
2. GSH synthetase
3. GSH-S

MATNWGSLLQDKQQLEELARQAVDRALAEGVLLRTSQEPTSSEVVSYAPFTLFPSLVPSA
LLEQAYAVQMDFNLLVDAVSQNAAFLEQTLSSTIKQDDFTARLFDIHKQVLKEGIAQTVF
LGLNRSDYMFQRSADGSPALKQIEINTISASFGGLASRTPAVHRHVLSVLSKTKEAGKIL
SNNPSKGLALGIAKAWELYGSPNALVLLIAQEKERNIFDQRAIENELLARNIHVIRRTFE
DISEKGSLDQDRRLFVDGQEIAVVYFRDGYMPRQYSLQNWEARLLLERSHAAKCPDIATQ
LAGTKKVQQELSRPGMLEMLLPGQPEAVARLRATFAGLYSLDVGEEGDQAIAEALAAPSR
FVLKPQREGGGNNLYGEEMVQALKQLKDSEERASYILMEKIEPEPFENCLLRPGSPARVV
QCISELGIFGVYVRQEKTLVMNKHVGHLLRTKAIEHADGGVAAGVAVLDNPYPV

• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine = ADP + phosphate + glutathione

• GSH_synth_ATP (PF03917 )
• GSH_synthase (PF03199 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCACCAACTGGGGGAGCCTCTTGCAGGATAAACAGCAGCTAGAGGAGCTGGCACGG
CAGGCCGTGGACCGGGCCCTGGCTGAGGGAGTATTGCTGAGGACCTCACAGGAGCCCACT
TCCTCGGAGGTGGTGAGCTATGCCCCATTCACGCTCTTCCCCTCACTGGTCCCCAGTGCC
CTGCTGGAGCAAGCCTATGCTGTGCAGATGGACTTCAACCTGCTAGTGGATGCTGTCAGC
CAGAACGCTGCCTTCCTGGAGCAAACTCTTTCCAGCACCATCAAACAGGATGACTTTACC
GCTCGTCTCTTTGACATCCACAAGCAAGTCCTAAAAGAGGGCATTGCCCAGACTGTGTTC
CTGGGCCTGAATCGCTCAGACTACATGTTCCAGCGCAGCGCAGATGGCTCCCCAGCCCTG
AAACAGATCGAAATCAACACCATCTCTGCCAGCTTTGGGGGCCTGGCCTCCCGGACCCCA
GCTGTGCACCGACATGTTCTCAGTGTCCTGAGTAAGACCAAAGAAGCTGGCAAGATCCTC
TCTAATAATCCCAGCAAGGGACTGGCCCTGGGAATTGCCAAAGCCTGGGAGCTCTACGGC
TCACCCAATGCTCTGGTGCTACTGATTGCTCAAGAGAAGGAAAGAAACATATTTGACCAG
CGTGCCATAGAGAATGAGCTACTGGCCAGGAACATCCATGTGATCCGACGAACATTTGAA
GATATCTCTGAAAAGGGGTCTCTGGACCAAGACCGAAGGCTGTTTGTGGATGGCCAGGAA
ATTGCTGTGGTTTACTTCCGGGATGGCTACATGCCTCGTCAGTACAGTCTACAGAATTGG
GAAGCACGTCTACTGCTGGAGAGGTCACATGCTGCCAAGTGCCCAGACATTGCCACCCAG
CTGGCTGGGACTAAGAAGGTGCAGCAGGAGCTAAGCAGGCCGGGCATGCTGGAGATGTTG
CTCCCTGGCCAGCCTGAGGCTGTGGCCCGCCTCCGCGCCACCTTTGCTGGCCTCTACTCA
CTGGATGTGGGTGAAGAAGGGGACCAGGCCATCGCCGAGGCCCTTGCTGCCCCTAGCCGG
TTTGTGCTAAAGCCCCAGAGAGAGGGTGGAGGTAACAACCTATATGGGGAGGAAATGGTA
CAGGCCCTGAAACAGCTGAAGGACAGTGAGGAGAGGGCCTCCTACATCCTCATGGAGAAG
ATCGAACCTGAGCCTTTTGAGAATTGCCTGCTACGGCCTGGCAGCCCTGCCCGAGTGGTC
CAGTGCATTTCAGAGCTGGGCATCTTTGGGGTCTATGTCAGGCAGGAAAAGACACTCGTG
ATGAACAAGCACGTGGGGCATCTACTTCGAACCAAAGCCATCGAGCATGCAGATGGTGGT
GTGGCAGCGGGAGTGGCAGTCCTGGACAACCCATACCCTGTGTGA

1. Gali RR, Board PG: Sequencing and expression of a cDNA for human glutathione synthetase. Biochem J. 1995 Aug 15;310 ( Pt 1):353-8. [PubMed ]
2. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
3. Shi ZZ, Habib GM, Rhead WJ, Gahl WA, He X, Sazer S, Lieberman MW: Mutations in the glutathione synthetase gene cause 5-oxoprolinuria. Nat Genet. 1996 Nov;14(3):361-5. [PubMed ]
4. Dahl N, Pigg M, Ristoff E, Gali R, Carlsson B, Mannervik B, Larsson A, Board P: Missense mutations in the human glutathione synthetase gene result in severe metabolic acidosis, 5-oxoprolinuria, hemolytic anemia and neurological dysfunction. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Jul;6(7):1147-52. [PubMed ]

1. Leukotriene-C(4synthase
2. LTC4 synthase

MKDEVALLAAVTLLGVLLQAYFSLQVISARRAFRVSPPLTTGPPEFERVYRAQVNCSEYF
PLFLATLWVAGIFFHEGAAALCGLVYLFARLRYFQGYARSAQLRLAPLYASARALWLLVA
LAALGLLAHFLPAALRAALLGRLRTLLPWA

• Arachidonic acid metabolism (map00590 )

• leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

• MAPEG (PF01124 )

• 1-23

ATGAAGGACGAGGTAGCTCTACTGGCTGCTGTCACCCTCCTGGGAGTCCTGCTGCAAGCC
TACTTCTCCCTGCAGGTGATCTCGGCGCGCAGGGCCTTCCGCGTGTCGCCGCCGCTCACC
ACCGGCCCACCCGAGTTCGAGCGCGTCTACCGAGCCCAGGTGAACTGCAGCGAGTACTTC
CCGCTGTTCCTCGCCACGCTCTGGGTCGCCGGCATCTTCTTTCATGAAGGGGCGGCGGCC
CTGTGCGGCCTGGTCTACCTGTTCGCGCGCCTCCGCTACTTCCAGGGCTACGCGCGCTCC
GCGCAGCTCAGGCTGGCACCGCTGTACGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCCTCTGGCTGCTGGTGGCG
CTGGCTGCGCTCGGCCTGCTCGCCCACTTCCTCCCGGCCGCGCTGCGCGCCGCGCTCCTC
GGACGGCTCCGGACGCTGCTGCCGTGGGCCTGA

1. Lam BK, Penrose JF, Freeman GJ, Austen KF: Expression cloning of a cDNA for human leukotriene C4 synthase, an integral membrane protein conjugating reduced glutathione to leukotriene A4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 2;91(16):7663-7. [PubMed ]
2. Welsch DJ, Creely DP, Hauser SD, Mathis KJ, Krivi GG, Isakson PC: Molecular cloning and expression of human leukotriene-C4 synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9745-9. [PubMed ]
3. Penrose JF, Spector J, Baldasaro M, Xu K, Boyce J, Arm JP, Austen KF, Lam BK: Molecular cloning of the gene for human leukotriene C4 synthase. Organization, nucleotide sequence, and chromosomal localization to 5q35. J Biol Chem. 1996 May 10;271(19):11356-61. [PubMed ]
4. Bigby TD, Hodulik CR, Arden KC, Fu L: Molecular cloning of the human leukotriene C4 synthase gene and assignment to chromosome 5q35. Mol Med. 1996 Sep;2(5):637-46. [PubMed ]
5. Nicholson DW, Ali A, Vaillancourt JP, Calaycay JR, Mumford RA, Zamboni RJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW: Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):2015-9. [PubMed ]

1. GSTM2-2
2. GST class-mu 2

MPMTLGYWNIRGLAHSIRLLLEYTDSSYEEKKYTMGDAPDYDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNL
PYLIDGTHKITQSNAILRYIARKHNLCGESEKEQIREDILENQFMDSRMQLAKLCYDPDF
EKLKPEYLQALPEMLKLYSQFLGKQPWFLGDKITFVDFIAYDVLERNQVFEPSCLDAFPN
LKDFISRFEGLEKISAYMKSSRFLPRPVFTKMAVWGNK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGCCCATGACACTGGGGTACTGGAACATCCGCGGGCTGGCCCATTCCATCCGCCTGCTC
CTGGAATACACAGACTCAAGCTACGAGGAAAAGAAGTACACGATGGGGGACGCTCCTGAT
TATGACAGAAGCCAGTGGCTGAATGAAAAATTCAAGCTGGGCCTGGACTTTCCCAATCTG
CCCTACTTGATTGATGGGACTCACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATCCTGCGGTACATT
GCCCGCAAGCACAACCTGTGCGGGGAATCAGAAAAGGAGCAGATTCGCGAAGACATTTTG
GAGAACCAGTTTATGGACAGCCGTATGCAGCTGGCCAAACTCTGCTATGACCCAGATTTT
GAGAAACTGAAACCAGAATACCTGCAGGCACTCCCTGAAATGCTGAAGCTCTACTCACAG
TTTCTGGGGAAGCAGCCATGGTTTCTTGGGGACAAGATCACCTTTGTGGATTTCATCGCT
TATGATGTCCTTGAGAGAAACCAAGTATTTGAGCCCAGCTGCCTGGATGCCTTCCCAAAC
CTGAAGGACTTCATCTCCCGATTTGAGGGCTTGGAGAAGATCTCTGCCTACATGAAGTCC
AGCCGCTTCCTCCCAAGACCTGTGTTCACAAAGATGGCTGTCTGGGGCAACAAGTAG

1. Vorachek WR, Pearson WR, Rule GS: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a class-mu glutathione transferase from human muscle, the product of the GST4 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4443-7. [PubMed ]
2. Ross VL, Board PG: Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alternatively spliced human Mu class glutathione S-transferase transcript. Biochem J. 1993 Sep 1;294 ( Pt 2):373-80. [PubMed ]
3. Raghunathan S, Chandross RJ, Kretsinger RH, Allison TJ, Penington CJ, Rule GS: Crystal structure of human class mu glutathione transferase GSTM2-2. Effects of lattice packing on conformational heterogeneity. J Mol Biol. 1994 May 20;238(5):815-32. [PubMed ]

1. CL683

MVAATVAAAWLLLWAAACAQQEQDFYDFKAVNIRGKLVSLEKYRGSVSLVVNVASECGFT
DQHYRALQQLQRDLGPHHFNVLAFPCNQFGQQEPDSNKEIESFARRTYSVSFPMFSKIAV
TGTGAHPAFKYLAQTSGKEPTWNFWKYLVAPDGKVVGAWDPTVSVEEVRPQITALVRKLI
LLKREDL

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-19

ATGGTGGCGGCGACGGTGGCAGCGGCGTGGCTGCTCCTGTGGGCTGCGGCCTGCGCGCAG
CAGGAGCAGGACTTCTACGACTTCAAGGCGGTCAACATCCGGGGCAAACTGGTGTCGCTG
GAGAAGTACCGCGGATCGGTGTCCCTGGTGGTGAATGTGGCCAGCGAGTGCGGCTTCACA
GACCAGCACTACCGAGCCCTGCAGCAGCTGCAGCGAGACCTGGGCCCCCACCACTTTAAC
GTGCTCGCCTTCCCCTGCAACCAGTTTGGCCAACAGGAGCCTGACAGCAACAAGGAGATT
GAGAGCTTTGCCCGCCGCACCTACAGTGTCTCATTCCCCATGTTTAGCAAGATTGCAGTC
ACCGGTACTGGTGCCCATCCTGCCTTCAAGTACCTGGCCCAGACTTCTGGGAAGGAGCCC
ACCTGGAACTTCTGGAAGTACCTAGTAGCCCCAGATGGAAAGGTGGTAGGGGCTTGGGAC
CCAACTGTGTCAGTGGAGGAGGTCAGACCCCAGATCACAGCGCTCGTGAGGAAGCTCATC
CTACTGAAGCGAGAAGACTTATAA

1. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed ]

1. Epididymis-specific glutathione peroxidase-like protein
2. EGLP

MTTQLRVVHLLPLLLACFVQTSPKQEKMKMDCHKDEKGTIYDYEAIALNKNEYVSFKQYV
GKHILFVNVATYCGLTAQYPELNALQEELKPYGLVVLGFPCNQFGKQEPGDNKEILPGLK
YVRPGGGFVPSFQLFEKGDVNGEKEQKVFSFLKHSCPHPSEILGTFKSISWDPVKVHDIR
WNFEKFLVGPDGIPVMRWSHRATVSSVKTDILAYLKQFKTK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-21

ATGACTACACAGTTAAGGGTCGTCCATCTGCTTCCCCTTCTCCTAGCCTGCTTTGTGCAA
ACAAGTCCCAAGCAGGAGAAGATGAAGATGGATTGCCACAAAGACGAGAAAGGCACCATC
TATGACTATGAGGCCATCGCACTTAATAAGAATGAATATGTTTCCTTCAAGCAGTATGTG
GGCAAGCACATCCTCTTCGTCAACGTGGCCACCTACTGTGGTCTGACAGCGCAATATCCT
GAACTAAATGCACTCCAGGAGGAGCTGAAGCCCTATGGTCTAGTTGTGTTGGGCTTTCCC
TGCAACCAATTTGGAAAGCAAGAACCAGGAGATAACAAAGAGATTCTTCCTGGGCTCAAG
TATGTCCGTCCAGGGGGAGGATTTGTACCTAGTTTCCAGCTTTTTGAGAAAGGGGATGTG
AATGGTGAAAAAGAACAGAAAGTCTTCAGTTTCTTGAAGCACTCCTGTCCTCATCCCTCT
GAGATTTTGGGCACATTCAAATCTATATCCTGGGACCCTGTAAAGGTCCATGACATCCGT
TGGAACTTTGAAAAGTTCCTGGTGGGGCCTGATGGAATCCCTGTCATGCGCTGGTCCCAC
CGGGCTACGGTCAGCTCAGTCAAGACAGACATCCTGGCGTACTTGAAGCAATTCAAAACC
AAATAG

1. Hall L, Williams K, Perry AC, Frayne J, Jury JA: The majority of human glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5) transcripts are incorrectly spliced: implications for the role of GPX5 in the male reproductive tract. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):5-9. [PubMed ]
2. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]

1. GSTM1-1
2. GST class-mu 1
3. GSTM1a-1a
4. GSTM1b-1b
5. HB subunit 4
6. GTH4

MPMILGYWDIRGLAHAIRLLLEYTDSSYEEKKYTMGDAPDYDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNL
PYLIDGAHKITQSNAILCYIARKHNLCGETEEEKIRVDILENQTMDNHMQLGMICYNPEF
EKLKPKYLEELPEKLKLYSEFLGKRPWFAGNKITFVDFLVYDVLDLHRIFEPKCLDAFPN
LKDFISRFEGLEKISAYMKSSRFLPRPVFSKMAVWGNK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGCCCATGATACTGGGGTACTGGGACATCCGCGGGCTGGCCCACGCCATCCGCCTGCTC
CTGGAATACACAGACTCAAGCTATGAGGAAAAGAAGTACACGATGGGGGACGCTCCTGAT
TATGACAGAAGCCAGTGGCTGAATGAAAAATTCAAGCTGGGCCTGGACTTTCCCAATCTG
CCCTACTTGATTGATGGGGCTCACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAACGCCATCTTGTGCTACATT
GCCCGCAAGCACAACCTGTGTGGGGAGACAGAAGAGGAGAAGATTCGTGTGGACATTTTG
GAGAACCAGACCATGGACAACCATATGCAGCTGGGCATGATCTGCTACAATCCAGAATTT
GAGAAACTGAAGCCAAAGTACTTGGAGGAACTCCCTGAAAAGCTAAAGCTCTACTCAGAG
TTTCTGGGGAAGCGGCCATGGTTTGCAGGAAACAAGATCACTTTTGTAGATTTTCTCGTC
TATGATGTCCTTGACCTCCACCGTATATTTGAGCCCAAGTGCTTGGACGCCTTCCCAAAT
CTGAAGGACTTCATCTCCCGCTTTGAGGGCTTGGAGAAGATCTCTGCCTACATGAAGTCC
AGCCGCTTCCTCCCAAGACCTGTGTTCTCAAAGATGGCTGTCTGGGGCAACAAGTAG

1. DeJong JL, Chang CM, Whang-Peng J, Knutsen T, Tu CP: The human liver glutathione S-transferase gene superfamily: expression and chromosome mapping of an Hb subunit cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 12;16(17):8541-54. [PubMed ]
2. Seidegard J, Vorachek WR, Pero RW, Pearson WR: Hereditary differences in the expression of the human glutathione transferase active on trans-stilbene oxide are due to a gene deletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7293-7. [PubMed ]
3. Zhong S, Spurr NK, Hayes JD, Wolf CR: Deduced amino acid sequence, gene structure and chromosomal location of a novel human class Mu glutathione S-transferase, GSTM4. Biochem J. 1993 Apr 1;291 ( Pt 1):41-50. [PubMed ]
4. Comstock KE, Sanderson BJ, Claflin G, Henner WD: GST1 gene deletion determined by polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jun 25;18(12):3670. [PubMed ]
5. Pearson WR, Vorachek WR, Xu SJ, Berger R, Hart I, Vannais D, Patterson D: Identification of class-mu glutathione transferase genes GSTM1-GSTM5 on human chromosome 1p13. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Jul;53(1):220-33. [PubMed ]
6. Tsuchida S, Maki T, Sato K: Purification and characterization of glutathione transferases with an activity toward nitroglycerin from human aorta and heart. Multiplicity of the human class Mu forms. J Biol Chem. 1990 May 5;265(13):7150-7. [PubMed ]
7. Mannervik B, Alin P, Guthenberg C, Jensson H, Tahir MK, Warholm M, Jornvall H: Identification of three classes of cytosolic glutathione transferase common to several mammalian species: correlation between structural data and enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7202-6. [PubMed ]
8. Alin P, Mannervik B, Jornvall H: Structural evidence for three different types of glutathione transferase in human tissues. FEBS Lett. 1985 Mar 25;182(2):319-22. [PubMed ]
9. Singhal SS, Ahmad H, Sharma R, Gupta S, Haque AK, Awasthi YC: Purification and characterization of human muscle glutathione S-transferases: evidence that glutathione S-transferase zeta corresponds to a locus distinct from GST1, GST2, and GST3. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Feb 15;285(1):64-73. [PubMed ]
10. Singhal SS, Saxena M, Awasthi S, Ahmad H, Sharma R, Awasthi YC: Gender related differences in the expression and characteristics of glutathione S-transferases of human colon. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):19-26. [PubMed ]
11. Hubbard MJ, McHugh NJ: Human ERp29: isolation, primary structural characterisation and two-dimensional gel mapping. Electrophoresis. 2000 Nov;21(17):3785-96. [PubMed ]
12. Patskovsky YV, Patskovska LN, Listowsky I: Functions of His107 in the catalytic mechanism of human glutathione S-transferase hGSTM1a-1a. Biochemistry. 1999 Jan 26;38(4):1193-202. [PubMed ]

1. Glyoxalase II
2. GLX II

MKVEVLPALTDNYMYLVIDDETKEAAIVDPVQPQKVVDAARKHGVKLTTVLTTHHHWDHA
GGNEKLVKLESGLKVYGGDDRIGALTHKITHLSTLQVGSLNVKCLATPCHTSGHICYFVS
KPGGSEPPAVFTGDTLFVAGCGKFYEGTADEMCKALLEVLGRLPPDTRVYCGHEYTINNL
KFARHVEPGNAAIREKLAWAKEKYSIGEPTVPSTLAEEFTYNPFMRVREKTVQQHAGETD
PVTTMRAVRREKDQFKMPRD

• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate

• Lactamase_B (PF00753 )

• None

• None

ATGAAGGTAGAGGTGCTGCCTGCCCTGACCGACAACTACATGTACCTGGTCATTGATGAT
GAGACCAAGGAGGCTGCCATTGTGGATCCGGTGCAGCCCCAGAAGGTCGTGGACGCGGCG
AGAAAGCACGGGGTGAAACTGACCACAGTGCTCACCACCCACCACCACTGGGACCATGCT
GGCGGGAATGAGAAACTGGTCAAGCTGGAGTCGGGACTGAAGGTGTACGGGGGTGACGAC
CGTATCGGGGCCCTGACTCACAAGATCACTCACCTGTCCACACTGCAGGTGGGGTCTCTG
AACGTCAAGTGCCTGGCGACCCCGTGCCACACTTCAGGACACATTTGTTACTTCGTGAGC
AAGCCCGGAGGCTCGGAGCCCCCTGCCGTGTTCACAGGTGACACCTTGTTTGTGGCTGGC
TGCGGGAAGTTCTATGAAGGGACTGCGGATGAGATGTGTAAAGCTCTGCTGGAGGTCTTG
GGCCGGCTCCCCCCGGACACAAGAGTCTACTGTGGCCACGAGTACACCATCAACAACCTC
AAGTTTGCACGCCACGTGGAGCCCGGCAATGCCGCCATCCGGGAGAAGCTGGCCTGGGCC
AAGGAGAAGTACAGCATCGGGGAGCCCACAGTGCCATCCACCCTGGCAGAGGAGTTTACC
TACAACCCCTTCATGAGAGTGAGGGAGAAGACGGTGCAGCAGCACGCAGGTGAGACGGAC
CCGGTGACCACCATGCGGGCCGTGCGCAGGGAGAAGGACCAGTTCAAGATGCCCCGGGAC
TGA

1. Ridderstrom M, Saccucci F, Hellman U, Bergman T, Principato G, Mannervik B: Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of human glyoxalase II. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 5;271(1):319-23. [PubMed ]
2. Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Feb 15;10(4):339-52. [PubMed ]
3. Cameron AD, Ridderstrom M, Olin B, Mannervik B: Crystal structure of human glyoxalase II and its complex with a glutathione thiolester substrate analogue. Structure. 1999 Sep 15;7(9):1067-78. [PubMed ]

1. GST 13-13
2. Glutathione S-transferase subunit 13
3. GST class-kappa
4. GSTK1-1
5. hGSTK1

MGPLPRTVELFYDVLSPYSWLGFEILCRYQNIWNINLQLRPSLITGIMKDSGNKPPGLLP
RKGLYMANDLKLLRHHLQIPIHFPKDFLSVMLEKGSLSAMRFLTAVNLEHPEMLEKASRE
LWMRVWSRNEDITEPQSILAAAEKAGMSAEQAQGLLEKIATPKVKNQLKETTEAACRYGA
FGLPITVAHVDGQTHMLFGSDRMELLAHLLGEKWMGPIPPAVNARL

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• DSBA (PF01323 )

• None

• None

ATGGGGCCCCTGCCGCGCACCGTGGAGCTCTTCTATGACGTGCTGTCCCCCTACTCCTGG
CTGGGCTTCGAGATCCTGTGCCGGTATCAGAATATCTGGAACATCAACCTGCAGTTGCGG
CCCAGCCTCATAACAGGGATCATGAAAGACAGTGGAAACAAGCCTCCAGGTCTGCTTCCC
CGCAAAGGACTATACATGGCAAATGACTTAAAGCTCCTGAGACACCATCTCCAGATTCCC
ATCCACTTCCCCAAGGATTTCTTGTCTGTGATGCTTGAAAAAGGAAGTTTGTCTGCCATG
CGTTTCCTCACCGCCGTGAACTTGGAGCATCCAGAGATGCTGGAGAAAGCGTCCCGGGAG
CTGTGGATGCGCGTCTGGTCAAGGAATGAAGACATCACCGAGCCGCAGAGCATCCTGGCG
GCTGCAGAGAAGGCTGGTATGTCTGCAGAACAAGCCCAGGGACTTCTGGAAAAGATCGCA
ACGCCAAAGGTGAAGAACCAGCTCAAGGAGACCACTGAGGCAGCCTGCAGATACGGAGCC
TTTGGGCTGCCCATCACCGTGGCCCATGTGGATGGCCAAACCCACATGTTATTTGGCTCT
GACCGGATGGAGCTGCTGGCGCACCTGCTGGGAGAGAAGTGGATGGGCCCTATACCTCCA
GCCGTGAATGCCAGACTTTAA

1. Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Genome Res. 2000 Oct;10(10):1546-60. [PubMed ]
2. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed ]

1. GSTM3-3
2. GST class-mu 3
3. hGSTM3-3

MSCESSMVLGYWDIRGLAHAIRLLLEFTDTSYEEKRYTCGEAPDYDRSQWLDVKFKLDLD
FPNLPYLLDGKNKITQSNAILRYIARKHNMCGETEEEKIRVDIIENQVMDFRTQLIRLCY
SSDHEKLKPQYLEELPGQLKQFSMFLGKFSWFAGEKLTFVDFLTYDILDQNRIFDPKCLD
EFPNLKAFMCRFEALEKIAAYLQSDQFCKMPINNKMAQWGNKPVC

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGTCGTGCGAGTCGTCTATGGTTCTCGGGTACTGGGATATTCGTGGGCTGGCGCACGCC
ATCCGCCTGCTCCTGGAGTTCACGGATACCTCTTATGAGGAGAAACGGTACACGTGCGGG
GAAGCTCCTGACTATGATCGAAGCCAATGGCTGGATGTGAAATTCAAGCTAGACCTGGAC
TTTCCTAATCTGCCCTACCTCCTGGATGGGAAGAACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATC
TTGCGCTACATCGCTCGCAAGCACAACATGTGTGGTGAGACTGAAGAAGAAAAGATTCGA
GTGGACATCATAGAGAACCAAGTAATGGATTTCCGCACACAACTGATAAGGCTCTGTTAC
AGCTCTGACCACGAAAAACTGAAGCCTCAGTACTTGGAAGAGCTACCTGGACAACTGAAA
CAATTCTCCATGTTTCTGTGGAAATTCTCATGGTTTGCCGGGGAAAAGCTCACCTTTGTG
GATTTTCTCACCTATGATATCTTGGATCAGAACCGTATATTTGACCCCAAGTGCCTGGAT
GAGTTCCCAAACCTGAAGGCTTTCATGTGCCGTTTTGAGGCTTTGGAGAAAATCGCTGCC
TACTTACAGTCTGATCAGTTCTGCAAGATGCCCATCAACAACAAGATGGCCCAGTGGGGC
AACAAGCCTGTATGCTGA

1. Campbell E, Takahashi Y, Abramovitz M, Peretz M, Listowsky I: A distinct human testis and brain mu-class glutathione S-transferase. Molecular cloning and characterization of a form present even in individuals lacking hepatic type mu isoenzymes. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9188-93. [PubMed ]
2. Patskovsky YV, Huang MQ, Takayama T, Listowsky I, Pearson WR: Distinctive structure of the human GSTM3 gene-inverted orientation relative to the mu class glutathione transferase gene cluster. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Jan 1;361(1):85-93. [PubMed ]
3. Ross VL, Board PG: Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alternatively spliced human Mu class glutathione S-transferase transcript. Biochem J. 1993 Sep 1;294 ( Pt 2):373-80. [PubMed ]
4. Hussey AJ, Hayes JD: Human Mu-class glutathione S-transferases present in liver, skeletal muscle and testicular tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 10;1203(1):131-41. [PubMed ]
5. Patskovsky YV, Patskovska LN, Listowsky I: An asparagine-phenylalanine substitution accounts for catalytic differences between hGSTM3-3 and other human class mu glutathione S-transferases. Biochemistry. 1999 Dec 7;38(49):16187-94. [PubMed ]

1. GTH1
2. HA subunit 1
3. GST- epsilon
4. GSTA1-1
5. GST class-alpha member 1

MAEKPKLHYFNARGRMESTRWLLAAAGVEFEEKFIKSAEDLDKLRNDGYLMFQQVPMVEI
DGMKLVQTRAILNYIASKYNLYGKDIKERALIDMYIEGIADLGEMILLLPVCPPEEKDAK
LALIKEKIKNRYFPAFEKVLKSHGQDYLVGNKLSRADIHLVELLYYVEELDSSLISSFPL
LKALKTRISNLPTVKKFLQPGSPRKPPMDEKSLEEARKIFRF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGAGAAGCCCAAGCTCCACTACTTCAATGCACGGGGCAGAATGGAGTCCACCCGG
TGGCTCCTGGCTGCAGCTGGAGTAGAGTTTGAAGAGAAATTTATAAAATCTGCAGAAGAT
TTGGACAAGTTAAGAAATGATGGATATTTGATGTTCCAGCAAGTGCCAATGGTTGAGATT
GATGGGATGAAGCTGGTGCAGACCAGAGCCATTCTCAACTACATTGCCAGCAAATACAAC
CTCTATGGGAAAGACATAAAGGAGAGAGCCCTGATTGATATGTATATAGAAGGTATAGCA
GATTTGGGTGAAATGATCCTCCTTCTGCCCGTATGTCCACCTGAGGAAAAAGATGCCAAG
CTTGCCTTGATCAAGGAGAAAATAAAAAATCGCTACTTCCCTGCCTTTGAAAAAGTCTTA
AAGAGCCATGGACAAGACTACCTTGTTGGCAACAAGCTGAGCCGGGCTGACATTCATCTG
GTGGAACTTCTCTACTACGTCGAGGAGCTTGACTCCAGTCTTATCTCCAGCTTCCCTCTG
CTGAAGGCCCTGAAAACCAGAATCAGCAACCTGCCCACAGTGAAGAAGTTTCTACAGCCT
GGCAGCCCAAGGAAGCCTCCCATGGATGAGAAATCTTTAGAAGAAGCAAGGAAGATTTTC
AGGTTTTAA

1. Tu CP, Qian B: Human liver glutathione S-transferases: complete primary sequence of an Ha subunit cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Nov 26;141(1):229-37. [PubMed ]
2. Rhoads DM, Zarlengo RP, Tu CP: The basic glutathione S-transferases from human livers are products of separate genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 May 29;145(1):474-81. [PubMed ]
3. Tu CP, Qian B: Nucleotide sequence of the human liver glutathione S-transferase subunit 1 cDNA. Biochem Soc Trans. 1987 Aug;15(4):734-6. [PubMed ]
4. Board PG, Webb GC: Isolation of a cDNA clone and localization of human glutathione S-transferase 2 genes to chromosome band 6p12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2377-81. [PubMed ]
5. Rozen F, Nguyen T, Pickett CB: Isolation and characterization of a human glutathione S-transferase Ha1 subunit gene. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 1;292(2):589-93. [PubMed ]
6. Chow NW, Whang-Peng J, Kao-Shan CS, Tam MF, Lai HC, Tu CP: Human glutathione S-transferases. The Ha multigene family encodes products of different but overlapping substrate specificities. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 15;263(26):12797-800. [PubMed ]
7. Ahmad H, Singhal SS, Saxena M, Awasthi YC: Characterization of two novel subunits of the alpha-class glutathione S-transferases of human liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 13;1161(2-3):333-6. [PubMed ]
8. Hayes JD, Kerr LA, Cronshaw AD: Evidence that glutathione S-transferases B1B1 and B2B2 are the products of separate genes and that their expression in human liver is subject to inter-individual variation. Molecular relationships between the B1 and B2 subunits and other Alpha class glutathione S-transferases. Biochem J. 1989 Dec 1;264(2):437-45. [PubMed ]
9. Board PG, Mannervik B: The contribution of the C-terminal sequence to the catalytic activity of GST2, a human alpha-class glutathione transferase. Biochem J. 1991 Apr 1;275 ( Pt 1):171-4. [PubMed ]
10. Sinning I, Kleywegt GJ, Cowan SW, Reinemer P, Dirr HW, Huber R, Gilliland GL, Armstrong RN, Ji X, Board PG, et al.: Structure determination and refinement of human alpha class glutathione transferase A1-1, and a comparison with the Mu and Pi class enzymes. J Mol Biol. 1993 Jul 5;232(1):192-212. [PubMed ]
11. Cameron AD, Sinning I, L'Hermite G, Olin B, Board PG, Mannervik B, Jones TA: Structural analysis of human alpha-class glutathione transferase A1-1 in the apo-form and in complexes with ethacrynic acid and its glutathione conjugate. Structure. 1995 Jul 15;3(7):717-27. [PubMed ]

1. MAAI
2. Glutathione S- transferase zeta 1
3. GSTZ1-1

MQAGKPILYSYFRSSCSWRVRIALALKGIDYKTVPINLIKDRGQQFSKDFQALNPMKQVP
TLKIDGITIHQSLAIIEYLEETRPTPRLLPQDPKKRASVRMISDLIAGGIQPLQNLSVLK
QVGEEMQLTWAQNAITCGFNALEQILQSTAGIYCVGDEVTMADLCLVPQVANAERFKVDL
TPYPTISSINKRLLVLEAFQVSHPCRQPDTPTELRA

• Styrene Degradation (map00643 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGCAGGCGGGGAAGCCCATCCTCTATTCCTATTTCCGAAGCTCCTGCTCATGGAGAGTT
CGAATTGCTCTGGCCTTGAAAGGCATCGACTACAAGACGGTGCCCATCAATCTCATAAAG
GATGGGGGCCAACAGTTTTCTAAGGACTTCCAGGCACTGAATCCTATGAAGCAGGTGCCA
ACCCTGAAGATTGATGGAATCACCATTCACCAGTCACTGGCCATCATTGAGTATCTAGAG
GAGACGCGTCCCACTCCGCGACTTCTGCCTCAGGACCCAAAGAAGAGGGCCAGCGTGCGT
ATGATTTCTGACCTCATCGCTGGTGGCATCCAGCCCCTGCAGAACCTGTCTGTCCTGAAG
CAAGTGGGAGAGGAGATGCAGCTGACCTGGGCCCAGAACGCCATCACTTGTGGCTTTAAC
GCCCTGGAGCAGATCCTACAGAGCACAGCGGGCATATACTGTGTAGGAGACGAGGTGACC
ATGGCTGATCTGTGCTTGGTGCCTCAGGTGGCAAATGCTGAAAGATTCAAGGTGGATCTC
ACCCCCTACCCTACCATCAGCTCCATCAACAAGAGGCTGCTGGTCTTGGAGGCCTTCCAG
GTGTCTCACCCCTGCCGGCAGCCAGATACACCCACTGAGCTGAGGGCCTAG

1. Fernandez-Canon JM, Penalva MA: Characterization of a fungal maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene and identification of its human homologue. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 2;273(1):329-37. [PubMed ]
2. Board PG, Baker RT, Chelvanayagam G, Jermiin LS: Zeta, a novel class of glutathione transferases in a range of species from plants to humans. Biochem J. 1997 Dec 15;328 ( Pt 3):929-35. [PubMed ]
3. Blackburn AC, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Board PG: Characterization and chromosome location of the gene GSTZ1 encoding the human Zeta class glutathione transferase and maleylacetoacetate isomerase. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1998;83(1-2):109-14. [PubMed ]
4. Fernandez-Canon JM, Hejna J, Reifsteck C, Olson S, Grompe M: Gene structure, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of maleylacetoacetate isomerase. Genomics. 1999 Jun 15;58(3):263-9. [PubMed ]
5. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed ]
6. Tong Z, Board PG, Anders MW: Glutathione transferase zeta catalyses the oxygenation of the carcinogen dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid. Biochem J. 1998 Apr 15;331 ( Pt 2):371-4. [PubMed ]
7. Blackburn AC, Tzeng HF, Anders MW, Board PG: Discovery of a functional polymorphism in human glutathione transferase zeta by expressed sequence tag database analysis. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Feb;10(1):49-57. [PubMed ]
8. Polekhina G, Board PG, Blackburn AC, Parker MW: Crystal structure of maleylacetoacetate isomerase/glutathione transferase zeta reveals the molecular basis for its remarkable catalytic promiscuity. Biochemistry. 2001 Feb 13;40(6):1567-76. [PubMed ]

1. GST class-theta-2

MGLELFLDLVSQPSRAVYIFAKKNGIPLELRTVDLVKGQHKSKEFLQINSLGKLPTLKDG
DFILTESSAILIYLSCKYQTPDHWYPSDLQARARVHEYLGWHADCIRGTFGIPLWVQVLG
PLIGVQVPEEKVERNRTAMDQALQWLEDKFLGDRPFLAGQQVTLADLMALEELMQPVALG
YELFEGRPRLAAWRGRVEAFLGAELCQEAHSIILSILEQAAKKTLPTPSPEAYQAMLLRI
ARIP

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGGGCCTAGAGCTGTTTCTTGACCTGGTGTCCCAGCCCAGCCGCGCCGTCTACATCTTC
GCCAAGAAGAATGGCATCCCCTTAGAGCTGCGCACCGTGGATTTGGTCAAAGGGCAGCAC
AAGAGCAAGGAGTTCTTGCAGATCAACAGCCTGGGGAAACTGCCGACGCTCAAGGATGGT
GATTTCATCTTGACCGAAAGCTCGGCCATCCTGATTTACCTGAGCTGTAAGTACCAGACG
CCGGACCACTGGTATCCATCTGACCTGCAGGCTCGTGCCCGTGTTCATGAGTACCTGGGC
TGGCATGCCGACTGCATCCGTGGCACCTTTGGTATACCCCTGTGGGTCCAGGTGTTGGGG
CCACTCATTGGGGTCCAGGTGCCCGAGGAGAAGGTGGAACGCAACAGGACTGCCATGGAC
CAGGCCCTGCAATGGCTGGAGGACAAGTTCCTGGGGGACAGGCCCTTCCTCGCTGGCCAG
CAGGTGACACTGGCTGATCTCATGGCCCTGGAGGAGCTGATGCAGCCGGTGGCTCTCGGC
TACGAACTGTTTGAGGGACGGCCACGACTGGCAGCATGGCGTGGACGAGTGGAGGCTTTC
CTGGGTGCTGAGCTATGCCAGGAGGCCCACAGCATCATCTTGAGCATCCTGGAACAGGCG
GCCAAGAAAACCCTCCCAACACCCTCACCAGAGGCCTATCAGGCTATGCTGCTTCGAATC
GCCAGGATCCCCTGA

1. Tan KL, Webb GC, Baker RT, Board PG: Molecular cloning of a cDNA and chromosomal localization of a human theta-class glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTT2) to chromosome 22. Genomics. 1995 Jan 20;25(2):381-7. [PubMed ]
2. Sprenger R, Schlagenhaufer R, Kerb R, Bruhn C, Brockmoller J, Roots I, Brinkmann U: Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 deletion: discrimination of all genotypes by polymerase chain reaction indicates a trimodular genotype-phenotype correlation. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Aug;10(6):557-65. [PubMed ]
3. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed ]
4. Hussey AJ, Hayes JD: Characterization of a human class-Theta glutathione S-transferase with activity towards 1-menaphthyl sulphate. Biochem J. 1992 Sep 15;286 ( Pt 3):929-35. [PubMed ]
5. Mainwaring GW, Williams SM, Foster JR, Tugwood J, Green T: The distribution of theta-class glutathione S-transferases in the liver and lung of mouse, rat and human. Biochem J. 1996 Aug 15;318 ( Pt 1):297-303. [PubMed ]
6. Rossjohn J, McKinstry WJ, Oakley AJ, Verger D, Flanagan J, Chelvanayagam G, Tan KL, Board PG, Parker MW: Human theta class glutathione transferase: the crystal structure reveals a sulfate-binding pocket within a buried active site. Structure. 1998 Mar 15;6(3):309-22. [PubMed ]

1. GSTM4-4
2. GST class-mu 4
3. GTS-Mu2

MSMTLGYWDIRGLAHAIRLLLEYTDSSYEEKKYTMGDAPDYDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNL
PYLIDGAHKITQSNAILCYIARKHNLCGETEEEKIRVDILENQAMDVSNQLARVCYSPDF
EKLKPEYLEELPTMMQHFSQFLGKRPWFVGDKITFVDFLAYDVLDLHRIFEPNCLDAFPN
LKDFISRFEGLEKISAYMKSSRFLPKPLYTRVAVWGNK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGTCCATGACACTGGGGTACTGGGACATCCGCGGGCTGGCCCACGCCATCCGCCTGCTC
CTGGAATACACAGACTCAAGCTACGAGGAAAAGAAGTATACGATGGGGGACGCTCCTGAC
TATGACAGAAGCCAGTGGCTGAATGAAAAATTCAAGCTGGGCCTAGACTTTCCCAATCTG
CCCTACTTGATTGATGGGGCTCACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAACGCCATCCTGTGCTACATT
GCCCGCAAGCACAACCTGTGTGGGGAGACAGAAGAGGAGAAGATTCGTGTGGACATTTTG
GAGAACCAGGCTATGGACGTCTCCAATCAGCTGGCCAGAGTCTGCTACAGCCCTGACTTT
GAGAAACTGAAGCCAGAATACTTGGAGGAACTTCCTACAATGATGCAGCACTTCTCACAG
TTCCTGGGGAAGAGGCCATGGTTTGTTGGAGACAAGATCACCTTTGTAGATTTCCTCGCC
TATGATGTCCTTGACCTCCACCGTATATTTGAGCCCAACTGCTTGGACGCCTTTCCAAAT
CTGAAGGACTTCATCTCCCGCTTTGAGGGCTTGGAGAAGATCTCTGCCTACATGAAGTCC
AGCCGCTTCCTCCCAAAACCTCTGTACACAAGGGTGGCTGTCTGGGGCAACAAGTAA

1. Comstock KE, Johnson KJ, Rifenbery D, Henner WD: Isolation and analysis of the gene and cDNA for a human Mu class glutathione S-transferase, GSTM4. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 15;268(23):16958-65. [PubMed ]
2. Zhong S, Spurr NK, Hayes JD, Wolf CR: Deduced amino acid sequence, gene structure and chromosomal location of a novel human class Mu glutathione S-transferase, GSTM4. Biochem J. 1993 Apr 1;291 ( Pt 1):41-50. [PubMed ]
3. Ross VL, Board PG: Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alternatively spliced human Mu class glutathione S-transferase transcript. Biochem J. 1993 Sep 1;294 ( Pt 2):373-80. [PubMed ]
4. Taylor JB, Oliver J, Sherrington R, Pemble SE: Structure of human glutathione S-transferase class Mu genes. Biochem J. 1991 Mar 1;274 ( Pt 2):587-93. [PubMed ]
5. Comstock KE, Widersten M, Hao XY, Henner WD, Mannervik B: A comparison of the enzymatic and physicochemical properties of human glutathione transferase M4-4 and three other human Mu class enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Jun;311(2):487-95. [PubMed ]
6. Patskovsky YV, Patskovska LN, Listowsky I: An asparagine-phenylalanine substitution accounts for catalytic differences between hGSTM3-3 and other human class mu glutathione S-transferases. Biochemistry. 1999 Dec 7;38(49):16187-94. [PubMed ]

1. GSTM5-5
2. GST class-mu 5

MPMTLGYWDIRGLAHAIRLLLEYTDSSYVEKKYTLGDAPDYDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNL
PYLIDGAHKITQSNAILRYIARKHNLCGETEEEKIRVDILENQVMDNHMELVRLCYDPDF
EKLKPKYLEELPEKLKLYSEFLGKRPWFAGDKITFVDFLAYDVLDMKRIFEPKCLDAFLN
LKDFISRFEGLKKISAYMKSSQFLRGLLFGKSATWNSK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGCCCATGACTCTGGGGTACTGGGACATCCGTGGGCTGGCCCACGCCATCCGCTTGCTC
CTGGAATACACAGACTCAAGCTATGTGGAAAAGAAGTACACGATGGGGGACGCTCCTGAC
TATGACAGAAGCCAGTGGCTGAATGAAAAATTCAAGCTGGGCCTGGACTTTCCCAATCTG
CCCTACTTGATTGATGGGGCTCACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATCCTGCGCTACATT
GCCCGCAAGCACAACCTGTGTGGGGAGACAGAAGAGGAGAAGATTCGTGTGGACATTTTG
GAGAACCAGGTTATGGATAACCACATGGAGCTGGTCAGACTGTGCTATGACCCAGATTTT
GAGAAACTGAAGCCAAAATACTTGGAGGAACTCCCTGAAAAGCTAAAGCTCTACTCAGAG
TTTCTGGGGAAGCGGCCATGGTTTGCAGGAGACAAGATCACCTTTGTGGATTTCCTTGCC
TATGATGTCCTTGACATGAAGCGTATATTTGAGCCCAAGTGCTTGGACGCCTTCCTAAAC
TTGAAGGACTTCATCTCCCGCTTTGAGGGTTTGAAGAAGATCTCTGCCTACATGAAGTCC
AGCCAATTCCTCCGAGGTCTTTTGTTTGGAAAGTCAGCTACATGGAACAGCAAATAG

1. Takahashi Y, Campbell EA, Hirata Y, Takayama T, Listowsky I: A basis for differentiating among the multiple human Mu-glutathione S-transferases and molecular cloning of brain GSTM5. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):8893-8. [PubMed ]

1. Microsomal GST- 2
2. Microsomal GST-II

MAGNSILLAAVSILSACQQSYFALQVGKARLKYKVTPPAVTGSPEFERVFRAQQNCVEFY
PIFIITLWMAGWYFNQVFATCLGLVYIYGRHLYFWGYSEAAKKRITGFRLSLGILALLTL
LGALGIANSFLDEYLDLNIAKKLRRQF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• MAPEG (PF01124 )

• 1-23

ATGGCCGGGAACTCGATCCTGCTGGCTGCTGTCTCTATTCTCTCGGCCTGTCAGCAAAGT
TATTTTGCTTTGCAAGTTGGAAAGGCAAGATTAAAATACAAAGTTACGCCCCCAGCAGTC
ACTGGGTCACCAGAGTTTGAGAGAGTATTTCGGGCACAACAAAACTGTGTGGAGTTTTAT
CCTATATTCATAATTACATTGTGGATGGCTGGGTGGTATTTCAACCAAGTTTTTGCTACT
TGTCTGGGTCTGGTGTACATATATGGCCGTCACCTATACTTCTGGGGATATTCAGAAGCT
GCTAAAAAACGGATCACCGGTTTCCGACTGAGTCTGGGGATTTTGGCCTTGTTGACCCTC
CTAGGTGCCCTGGGAATTGCAAACAGCTTTCTGGATGAATATCTGGACCTCAATATTGCC
AAGAAACTGAGGCGGCAATTCTAA

1. Jakobsson PJ, Mancini JA, Ford-Hutchinson AW: Identification and characterization of a novel human microsomal glutathione S-transferase with leukotriene C4 synthase activity and significant sequence identity to 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and leukotriene C4 synthase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 6;271(36):22203-10. [PubMed ]

1. GSTO 1-1

MSGESARSLGKGSAPPGPVPEGSIRIYSMRFCPFAERTRLVLKAKGIRHEVININLKNKP
EWFFKKNPFGLVPVLENSQGQLIYESAITCEYLDEAYPGKKLLPDDPYEKACQKMILELF
SKVPSLVGSFIRSQNKEDYAGLKEEFRKEFTKLEEVLTNKKTTFFGGNSISMIDYLIWPW
FERLEAMKLNECVDHTPKLKLWMAAMKEDPTVSALLTSEKDWQGFLELYLQNSPEACDYG
L

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCGGGGAGTCAGCCAGGAGCTTGGGGAAGGGAAGCGCGCCCCCGGGGCCGGTCCCG
GAGGGCTCGATCCGCATCTACAGCATGAGGTTCTGCCCGTTTGCTGAGAGGACGCGTCTA
GTCCTGAAGGCCAAGGGAATCAGGCATGAAGTCATCAATATCAACCTGAAAAATAAGCCT
GAGTGGTTCTTTAAGAAAAATCCCTTTGGTCTGGTGCCAGTTCTGGAAAACAGTCAGGGT
CAGCTGATCTACGAGTCTGCCATCACCTGTGAGTACCTGGATGAAGCATACCCAGGGAAG
AAGCTGTTGCCGGATGACCCCTATGAGAAAGCTTGCCAGAAGATGATCTTAGAGTTGTTT
TCTAAGGTGCCATCCTTGGTAGGAAGCTTTATTAGAAGCCAAAATAAAGAAGACTATGCT
GGCCTAAAAGAAGAATTTCGTAAAGAATTTACCAAGCTAGAGGAGGTTCTGACTAATAAG
AAGACGACCTTCTTTGGTGGCAATTCTATCTCTATGATTGATTACCTCATCTGGCCCTGG
TTTGAACGGCTGGAAGCAATGAAGTTAAATGAGTGTGTAGACCACACTCCAAAACTGAAA
CTGTGGATGGCAGCCATGAAGGAAGATCCCACAGTCTCAGCCCTGCTTACTAGTGAGAAA
GACTGGCAAGGTTTCCTAGAGCTCTACTTACAGAACAGCCCTGAGGCCTGTGACTATGGG
CTCTGA

1. Board PG, Coggan M, Chelvanayagam G, Easteal S, Jermiin LS, Schulte GK, Danley DE, Hoth LR, Griffor MC, Kamath AV, Rosner MH, Chrunyk BA, Perregaux DE, Gabel CA, Geoghegan KF, Pandit J: Identification, characterization, and crystal structure of the Omega class glutathione transferases. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 11;275(32):24798-806. [PubMed ]
2. Yu L, Kalla K, Guthrie E, Vidrine A, Klimecki WT: Genetic variation in genes associated with arsenic metabolism: glutathione S-transferase omega 1-1 and purine nucleoside phosphorylase polymorphisms in European and indigenous Americans. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(11):1421-7. [PubMed ]
3. Hubbard MJ, McHugh NJ: Human ERp29: isolation, primary structural characterisation and two-dimensional gel mapping. Electrophoresis. 2000 Nov;21(17):3785-96. [PubMed ]
4. Whitbread AK, Tetlow N, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Board PG: Characterization of the human Omega class glutathione transferase genes and associated polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Mar;13(3):131-44. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione S-transferase A5-5
2. GST class-alpha member 5

MAEKPKLHYSNARGSMESIRWLLAAAGVELEEKFLESAEDLDKLRNDGSLLFQQVPMVEI
DGMKLVQTRAILNYIASKYNLYGKDMKERALIDMYTEGIVDLTEMILLLLICQPEERDAK
TALVKEKIKNRYFPAFEKVLKSHRQDYLVGNKLSWADIHLVELFYYVEELDSSLISSFPL
LKALKTRISNLPTVKKFLQPGSQRKPPMDEKSLEEARKIFRF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGAGAAGCCCAAGCTCCACTACTCCAATGCACGGGGCAGTATGGAGTCCATTCGG
TGGCTCCTGGCTGCAGCTGGAGTAGAGTTGGAAGAGAAATTTCTAGAATCTGCAGAAGAT
TTGGACAAGTTAAGAAATGATGGGAGTTTGCTGTTCCAGCAAGTACCAATGGTTGAGATT
GACGGGATGAAGCTGGTGCAGACCAGAGCCATTCTTAACTACATTGCCAGCAAATACAAC
CTTTATGGGAAAGACATGAAGGAGAGAGCCCTGATTGATATGTACACAGAAGGTATAGTA
GATTTGACTGAAATGATCCTTCTTCTGCTCATATGTCAACCAGAGGAAAGAGATGCCAAG
ACTGCCTTGGTCAAAGAGAAAATAAAAAATCGCTACTTCCCTGCCTTTGAAAAAGTCTTA
AAGAGCCACAGACAAGACTACCTTGTTGGCAACAAGCTGAGCTGGGCTGACATTCACCTG
GTGGAACTTTTCTACTACGTGGAAGAGCTTGACTCGAGTCTTATCTCCAGCTTCCCTCTG
CTGAAGGCCCTGAAAACCAGAATCAGCAACCTGCCCACGGTGAAGAAGTTTCTGCAGCCT
GGCAGCCAGAGAAAGCCTCCCATGGATGAGAAATCTTTAGAAGAAGCAAGGAAGATTTTC
AGGTTTTAA

1. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
2. Morel F, Rauch C, Coles B, Le Ferrec E, Guillouzo A: The human glutathione transferase alpha locus: genomic organization of the gene cluster and functional characterization of the genetic polymorphism in the hGSTA1 promoter. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Jun;12(4):277-86. [PubMed ]

1. GTH2
2. HA subunit 2
3. GST- gamma
4. GSTA2-2
5. GST class-alpha member 2

MAEKPKLHYSNIRGRMESIRWLLAAAGVEFEEKFIKSAEDLDKLRNDGYLMFQQVPMVEI
DGMKLVQTRAILNYIASKYNLYGKDIKEKALIDMYIEGIADLGEMILLLPFSQPEEQDAK
LALIQEKTKNRYFPAFEKVLKSHGQDYLVGNKLSRADIHLVELLYYVEELDSSLISSFPL
LKALKTRISNLPTVKKFLQPGSPRKPPMDEKSLEESRKIFRF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGAGAAGCCCAAGCTCCACTACTCCAATATACGGGGCAGAATGGAGTCCATCCGG
TGGCTCCTGGCTGCAGCTGGAGTAGAGTTTGAAGAGAAATTTATAAAATCTGCAGAAGAT
TTGGACAAGTTAAGAAATGATGGATATTTGATGTTCCAGCAAGTGCCAATGGTTGAGATT
GATGGGATGAAGCTGGTGCAGACCAGAGCCATTCTCAACTACATTGCCAGCAAATACAAC
CTCTATGGGAAAGACATAAAGGAGAAAGCCCTGATTGATATGTATATAGAAGGTATAGCA
GATTTGGGTGAAATGATCCTTCTTCTGCCCTTTACTCAACCTGAGGAACAAGATGCCAAG
CTTGCCTTGATCCAAGAGAAAACAAAAAATCGCTACTTCCCTGCCTTTGAAAAAGTCTTA
AAGAGCCACGGACAAGACTACCTTGTTGGCAACAAGCTGAGCCGGGCTGACATTCACCTG
GTGGAACTTCTCTACTACGTGGAAGAGCTTGACTCTAGCCTTATTTCCAGCTTCCCTCTG
CTGAAGGCCCTGAAAACCAGAATCAGTAACCTGCCCACAGTGAAGAAGTTTCTACAGCCT
GGCAGCCCAAGGAAGCCTCCCATGGATGAGAAATCTTTAGAAGAATCAAGGAAGATTTTC
AGGTTTTAA

1. Rhoads DM, Zarlengo RP, Tu CP: The basic glutathione S-transferases from human livers are products of separate genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 May 29;145(1):474-81. [PubMed ]
2. Rohrdanz E, Nguyen T, Pickett CB: Isolation and characterization of the human glutathione S-transferase A2 subunit gene. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):747-52. [PubMed ]
3. Klone A, Hussnatter R, Sies H: Cloning, sequencing and characterization of the human alpha glutathione S-transferase gene corresponding to the cDNA clone pGTH2. Biochem J. 1992 Aug 1;285 ( Pt 3):925-8. [PubMed ]
4. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
5. Ahmad H, Singhal SS, Saxena M, Awasthi YC: Characterization of two novel subunits of the alpha-class glutathione S-transferases of human liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 13;1161(2-3):333-6. [PubMed ]
6. Hayes JD, Kerr LA, Cronshaw AD: Evidence that glutathione S-transferases B1B1 and B2B2 are the products of separate genes and that their expression in human liver is subject to inter-individual variation. Molecular relationships between the B1 and B2 subunits and other Alpha class glutathione S-transferases. Biochem J. 1989 Dec 1;264(2):437-45. [PubMed ]
7. Tetlow N, Liu D, Board P: Polymorphism of human Alpha class glutathione transferases. Pharmacogenetics. 2001 Oct;11(7):609-17. [PubMed ]

MFQQFQASCLVLFFLVGFAQQTLKPQNRKVDCNKGVTGTIYEYGALTLNGEEYIQFKQFA
GKHVLFVNVAAYCGLAAQYPELNALQEELKNFGVIVLAFPCNQFGKQEPGTNSEILLGLK
YVCPGSGFVPSFQLFEKGDVNGEKEQKVFTFLKNSCPPTSDLLGSSSQLFWEPMKVHDIR
WNFEKFLVGPDGVPVMHWFHQAPVSTVKSDILEYLKQFNTH

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-19

ATGTTCCAGCAGTTCCAGGCCTCCTGTCTTGTCCTGTTTTTCCTGGTTGGCTTTGCTCAG
CAGACCCTAAAGCCTCAAAATAGGAAGGTGGATTGCAACAAAGGGGTAACAGGCACCATC
TATGAGTATGGAGCCCTCACCCTCAACGGCGAGGAGTACATCCAATTCAAGCAGTTTGCA
GGCAAGCACGTCCTGTTTGTCAATGTGGCCGCCTATTGAGGCTTGGCAGCTCAGTATCCT
GAACTGAATGCACTACAGGAGGAGCTGAAGAATTTTGGTGTCATTGTGTTGGCCTTTCCC
TGCAACCAGTTTGGAAAACAAGAACCAGGAACAAACTCAGAAATACTTCTTGGTCTCAAG
TATGTGTGTCCAGGTAGTGGCTTTGTCCCCAGTTTCCAGCTCTTTGAGAAAGGGGATGTG
AATGGAGAAAAAGAACAGAAGGTCTTTACTTTCCTGAAGAACTCCTGCCCTCCGACCTCT
GATCTTTTGGGCTCATCAAGCCAACTCTTCTGGGAGCCCATGAAGGTCCATGATATCCGC
TGGAACTTTGAGAAATTTCTGGTGGGGCCCGATGGAGTCCCTGTCATGCATTGGTTCCAC
CAGGCTCCAGTCAGCACAGTCAAGTCAGACATCCTGGAGTACCTAAAGCAGTTCAATACC
CACTAG

1. Kryukov GV, Castellano S, Novoselov SV, Lobanov AV, Zehtab O, Guigo R, Gladyshev VN: Characterization of mammalian selenoproteomes. Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1439-43. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione S-transferase A3-3
2. GST class-alpha member 3

MAGKPKLHYFNGRGRMEPIRWLLAAAGVEFEEKFIGSAEDLGKLRNDGSLMFQQVPMVEI
DGMKLVQTRAILNYIASKYNLYGKDIKERALIDMYTEGMADLNEMILLLPLCRPEEKDAK
IALIKEKTKSRYFPAFEKVLQSHGQDYLVGNKLSRADISLVELLYYVEELDSSLISNFPL
LKALKTRISNLPTVKKFLQPGSPRKPPADAKALEEARKIFRF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

AAACCAGAAGACTGTTACCATGGCAGGGAAGCCCAAGCTTCACTACTTCAATGGACGGGG
CAGAATGGAGCCCATCCGGTGGCTCTTGGCTGCAGCTGGAGTAGAGTTTGAAGAGAAATT
TATAGGATCTGCAGAAGATTTGGGAAAGTTAAGAAATGATGGAAGTTTGATGTTCCAGCA
AGTGCCAATGGTTGAGATTGATGGGATGAAGTTGGTACAGACCAGAGCCATTCTCAACTA
CATTGCCAGCAAATACAACCTCTATGGGAAAGACATAAAGGAGAGAGCCCTAATTGATAT
GTATACAGAAGGTATGGCAGATTTGAATGAAATGATCCTTCTTCTGCCCTTATGTCCAGC
TGAGGAAAAAGATGCCAAGATTGCCTTGATCAAAGAGAAAATAAAAAGTCGCTATTTCCC
TGCCTTCGAAAAAGTGTTACAGAGCCATGGACAAGACTACCTTGTTGGCAACAAGCTGAG
CCGGGCTGACATTAGCCTGGTGGAACTTCTCTACTATGTGGAAGAGCTTGACTCCAGCCT
TATCTCCAACTTCCCTCTGCTGAAGGCCCTGAAAACCAGAATCAGCAACCTGCCCACGGT
GAAGAAGTTTCTACAGCCTGGCAGCCCAAGGAAGCCTCCCGCAGATGCAAAAGCTTTAGA
AGAAGCCAGAAAGATTTTCAGGTTTTAA

1. Suzuki T, Johnston PN, Board PG: Structure and organization of the human alpha class glutathione S-transferase genes and related pseudogenes. Genomics. 1993 Dec;18(3):680-6. [PubMed ]
2. Johansson AS, Mannervik B: Human glutathione transferase A3-3, a highly efficient catalyst of double-bond isomerization in the biosynthetic pathway of steroid hormones. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 31;276(35):33061-5. Epub 2001 Jun 20. [PubMed ]
3. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
4. Board PG: Identification of cDNAs encoding two human alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTA3 and GSTA4) and the heterologous expression of GSTA4-4. Biochem J. 1998 Mar 1;330 ( Pt 2):827-31. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione S-transferase A4-4
2. GST class-alpha member 4

MAARPKLHYPNGRGRMESVRWVLAAAGVEFDEEFLETKEQLYKLQDGNHLLFQQVPMVEI
DGMKLVQTRSILHYIADKHNLFGKNLKERTLIDMYVEGTLDLLELLIMHPFLKPDDQQKE
VVNMAQKAIIRYFPVFEKILRGHGQSFLVGNQLSLADVILLQTILALEEKIPNILSAFPF
LQEYTVKLSNIPTIKRFLEPGSKKKPPPDEIYVRTVYNIFRP

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGCAAGGCCCAAGCTCCACTATCCCAACGGAAGAGGCCGGATGGAGTCCGTGAGA
TGGGTTTTAGCTGCCGCCGGAGTCGAGTTTGATGAAGAATTTCTGGAAACAAAAGAACAG
TTGTACAAGTTGCAGGATGGTAACCACCTGCTGTTCCAACAAGTGCCCATGGTTGAAATT
GACGGGATGAAGTTGGTACAGACCCGAAGCATTCTCCACTACATAGCAGACAAGCACAAT
CTCTTTGGCAAGAACCTCAAGGAGAGAACCCTGATTGACATGTACGTGGAGGGGACACTG
GATCTGCTGGAACTGCTTATCATGCATCCTTTCTTAAAACCAGATGATCAGCAAAAGGAA
GTGGTTAACATGGCCCAGAAGGCTATAATTAGATACTTTCCTGTGTTTGAAAAGATTTTA
AGGGGTCACGGACAAAGCTTTCTTGTTGGTAATCAGCTGAGCCTTGCAGATGTGATTTTA
CTCCAAACCATTTTAGCTCTAGAAGAGAAAATTCCTAATATCCTGTCTGCATTTCCTTTC
CTCCAGGAATACACAGTGAAACTAAGTAATATCCCTACAATTAAGAGATTCCTTGAACCT
GGCAGCAAGAAGAAGCCTCCCCCTGATGAAATTTATGTGAGAACCGTCTACAACATCTTT
AGGCCATAA

1. Hubatsch I, Ridderstrom M, Mannervik B: Human glutathione transferase A4-4: an alpha class enzyme with high catalytic efficiency in the conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal and other genotoxic products of lipid peroxidation. Biochem J. 1998 Feb 15;330 ( Pt 1):175-9. [PubMed ]
2. Board PG: Identification of cDNAs encoding two human alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTA3 and GSTA4) and the heterologous expression of GSTA4-4. Biochem J. 1998 Mar 1;330 ( Pt 2):827-31. [PubMed ]
3. Liu S, Stoesz SP, Pickett CB: Identification of a novel human glutathione S-transferase using bioinformatics. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Apr 15;352(2):306-13. [PubMed ]
4. Desmots F, Rauch C, Henry C, Guillouzo A, Morel F: Genomic organization, 5'-flanking region and chromosomal localization of the human glutathione transferase A4 gene. Biochem J. 1998 Dec 1;336 ( Pt 2):437-42. [PubMed ]
5. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
6. Bruns CM, Hubatsch I, Ridderstrom M, Mannervik B, Tainer JA: Human glutathione transferase A4-4 crystal structures and mutagenesis reveal the basis of high catalytic efficiency with toxic lipid peroxidation products. J Mol Biol. 1999 May 7;288(3):427-39. [PubMed ]

1. GSHPx-1
2. GPx-1
3. Cellular glutathione peroxidase

MCAARLAAAAAQSVYAFSARPLAGGEPVSLGSLRGKVLLIENVASLCGTTVRDYTQMNEL
QRRLGPRGLVVLGFPCNQFGHQENAKNEEILNSLKYVRPGGGFEPNFMLFEKCEVNGAGA
HPLFAFLREALPAPSDDATALMTDPKLITWSPVCRNDVAWNFEKFLVGPDGVPLRRYSRR
FQTIDIEPDIEALLSQGPSCA

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-16

ATGTGTGCTGCTCGGCTAGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCCAGTCGGTGTATGCCTTCTCGGCGCGC
CCGTTGGCCGGCGGGGAGCCTGTGAGCCTGGGCTCCCTGCGGGGCAAGGTACTACTTATC
GAGAATGTGGCGTCCCTCTGAGGCACCACGGTCCGGGACTACACCCAGATGAACGAGCTG
CAGCGGCGCCTCGGACCCCGGGGCCTGGTGGTGCTCGGCTTCCCGTGCAACCAGTTTGGG
CATCAGGAGAACGCCAAGAACGAAGAGATTCTGAATTCCCTCAAGTACGTCCGGCCTGGT
GGTGGGTTCGAGCCCAACTTCATGCTCTTCGAGAAGTGCGAGGTGAACGGTGCGGGGGCG
CACCCTCTCTTCGCCTTCCTGCGGGAGGCCCTGCCAGCTCCCAGCGACGACGCCACCGCG
CTTATGACCGACCCCAAGCTCATCACCTGGTCTCCGGTGTGTCGCAACGATGTTGCCTGG
AACTTTGAGAAGTTCCTGGTGGGCCCTGACGGTGTGCCCCTACGCAGGTACAGCCGCCGC
TTCCAGACCATTGACATCGAGCCTGACATCGAAGCCCTGCTGTCTCAAGGGCCCAGCTGT
GCCTAG

1. Sukenaga Y, Ishida K, Takeda T, Takagi K: cDNA sequence coding for human glutathione peroxidase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Sep 11;15(17):7178. [PubMed ]
2. Ishida K, Morino T, Takagi K, Sukenaga Y: Nucleotide sequence of a human gene for glutathione peroxidase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):10051. [PubMed ]
3. Mullenbach GT, Tabrizi A, Irvine BD, Bell GI, Hallewell RA: Sequence of a cDNA coding for human glutathione peroxidase confirms TGA encodes active site selenocysteine. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 10;15(13):5484. [PubMed ]
4. Chada S, Le Beau MM, Casey L, Newburger PE: Isolation and chromosomal localization of the human glutathione peroxidase gene. Genomics. 1990 Feb;6(2):268-71. [PubMed ]
5. Moscow JA, Morrow CS, He R, Mullenbach GT, Cowan KH: Structure and function of the 5'-flanking sequence of the human cytosolic selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase gene (hgpx1). J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 25;267(9):5949-58. [PubMed ]
6. Forsberg L, de Faire U, Morgenstern R: Low yield of polymorphisms from EST blast searching: analysis of genes related to oxidative stress and verification of the P197L polymorphism in GPX1. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(4):294-300. [PubMed ]
7. Kote-Jarai Z, Durocher F, Edwards SM, Hamoudi R, Jackson RA, Ardern-Jones A, Murkin A, Dearnaley DP, Kirby R, Houlston R, Easton DF, Eeles R: Association between the GCG polymorphism of the selenium dependent GPX1 gene and the risk of young onset prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2002;5(3):189-92. [PubMed ]

1. PHGPx
2. GPX-4

MSLGRLCRLLKPALLCGALAAPGLAGTMCASRDDWRCARSMHEFSAKDIDGHMVNLDKYR
GFVCIVTNVASQCGKTEVNYTQLVDLHARYAECGLRILAFPCNQFGKQEPGSNEEIKEFA
AGYNVKFDMFSKICVNGDDAHPLWKWMKIQPKGKGILGNAIKWNFTKFLIDKNGCVVKRY
GPMEEPLVIEKDLPHYF

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + a lipid hydroperoxide = glutathione disulfide + lipid + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-25

ATGAGCCTCGGCCGCCTTTGCCGCCTACTGAAGCCGGCGCTGCTCTGTGGGGCTCTGGCC
GCGCCTGGCCTGGCCGGGACCATGTGCGCGTCCCGGGACGACTGGCGCTGTGCGCGCTCC
ATGCACGAGTTTTCCGCCAAGGACATCGACGGGCACATGGTTAACCTGGACAAGTACCGG
GGCTTCGTGTGCATCGTCACCAACGTGGCCTCCCAGTGAGGCAAGACCGAAGTAAACTAC
ACTCAGCTCGTCGACCTGCACGCCCGATACGCTGAGTGTGGTTTGCGGATCCTGGCCTTC
CCGTGTAACCAGTTCGGGAAGCAGGAGCCAGGGAGTAACGAAGAGATCAAAGAGTTCGCC
GCGGGCTACAACGTCAAATTCGATATGTTCAGCAAGATCTGCGTGAACGGGGACGACGCC
CACCCGCTGTGGAAGTGGATGAAGATCCAACCCAAGGGCAAGGGCATCCTGGGAAATGCC
ATCAAGTGGAACTTCACCAAGTTCCTCATCGACAAGAACGGCTGCGTGGTGAAGCGCTAC
GGACCCATGGAGGAGCCCCTGGTGATAGAGAAGGACCTGCCCCACTATTTCTAG

1. Esworthy RS, Doan K, Doroshow JH, Chu FF: Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding a human testis phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Gene. 1994 Jul 8;144(2):317-8. [PubMed ]
2. Kelner MJ, Montoya MA: Structural organization of the human selenium-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (GPX4): chromosomal localization to 19p13.3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 10;249(1):53-5. [PubMed ]
3. Maiorino M, Bosello V, Ursini F, Foresta C, Garolla A, Scapin M, Sztajer H, Flohe L: Genetic variations of gpx-4 and male infertility in humans. Biol Reprod. 2003 Apr;68(4):1134-41. Epub 2002 Nov 27. [PubMed ]

1. GSHPx-3
2. GPx-3
3. Plasma glutathione peroxidase
4. GSHPx-P
5. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase
6. GPx-P

MARLLQASCLLSLLLAGFVSQSRGQEKSKMDCHGGISGTIYEYGALTIDGEEYIPFKQYA
GKYVLFVNVASYCGLTGQYIELNALQEELAPFGLVILGFPCNQFGKQEPGENSEILPTLK
YVRPGGGFVPNFQLFEKGDVNGEKEQKFYTFLKNSCPPTSELLGTSDRLFWEPMKVHDIR
WNFEKFLVGPDGIPIMRWHHRTTVSNVKMDILSYMRRQAALGVKRK

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• 1-20

ATGGCCCGGCTGCTGCAGGCGTCCTGCCTGCTTTCCCTGCTCCTGGCCGGCTTCGTCTCG
CAGAGCCGGGGACAAGAGAAGTCGAAGATGGACTGCCATGGTGGCATAAGTGGCACCATT
TACGAGTACGGAGCCCTCACCATTGATGGGGAGGAGTACATCCCCTTCAAGCAGTATGCT
GGCAAATACGTCCTCTTTGTCAACGTGGCCAGCTACTGAGGCCTGACGGGCCAGTACATT
GAACTGAATGCACTACAGGAAGAGCTTGCACCATTCGGTCTGGTCATTCTGGGCTTTCCC
TGCAACCAATTTGGAAAACAGGAACCAGGAGAGAACTCAGAGATCCTTCCTACCCTCAAG
TATGTCCGACCAGGTGGAGGCTTTGTCCCTAATTTCCAGCTCTTTGAGAAAGGGGATGTC
AATGGAGAGAAAGAGCAGAAATTCTACACTTTCCTAAAGAACTCCTGTCCTCCCACCTCG
GAGCTCCTGGGTACATCTGACCGCCTCTTCTGGGAACCCATGAAGGTTCACGACATCCGC
TGGAACTTTGAGAAGTTCCTGGTGGGGCCAGATGGTATACCCATCATGCGCTGGCACCAC
CGGACCACGGTCAGCAACGTCAAGATGGACATCCTGTCCTACATGAGGCGGCAGGCAGCC
CTGGGGGTCAAGAGGAAGTAA

1. Takahashi K, Akasaka M, Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi C, Mizoguchi J, Koyama J: Primary structure of human plasma glutathione peroxidase deduced from cDNA sequences. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1990 Aug;108(2):145-8. [PubMed ]
2. Chu FF, Esworthy RS, Doroshow JH, Doan K, Liu XF: Expression of plasma glutathione peroxidase in human liver in addition to kidney, heart, lung, and breast in humans and rodents. Blood. 1992 Jun 15;79(12):3233-8. [PubMed ]
3. Yoshimura S, Suemizu H, Taniguchi Y, Arimori K, Kawabe N, Moriuchi T: The human plasma glutathione peroxidase-encoding gene: organization, sequence and localization to chromosome 5q32. Gene. 1994 Aug 5;145(2):293-7. [PubMed ]
4. Comhair SA, Thomassen MJ, Erzurum SC: Differential induction of extracellular glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide synthase 2 in airways of healthy individuals exposed to 100% O(2) or cigarette smoke. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Sep;23(3):350-4. [PubMed ]
5. Esworthy RS, Chu FF, Paxton RJ, Akman S, Doroshow JH: Characterization and partial amino acid sequence of human plasma glutathione peroxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 May 1;286(2):330-6. [PubMed ]

1. GSTO-2

MSGDATRTLGKGSQPPGPVPEGLIRIYSMRFCPYSHRTRLVLKAKDIRHEVVNINLRNKP
EWYYTKHPFGHIPVLETSQCQLIYESVIACEYLDDAYPGRKLFPYDPYERARQKMLLELF
CKVPHLTKECLVALRCGRECTNLKAALRQEFSNLEEILEYQNTTFFGGTCISMIDYLLWP
WFERLDVYGILDCVSHTPALRLWISAMKWDPTVCALLMDKSIFQGFLNLYFQNNPNAFDF
GLC

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGTCTGGGGATGCGACCAGGACCCTGGGGAAAGGAAGCCAGCCCCCAGGGCCAGTCCCG
GAGGGGCTGATCCGCATCTACAGCATGAGGTTCTGCCCCTATTCTCACAGGACCCGCCTC
GTCCTCAAGGCCAAAGACATCAGACATGAAGTGGTCAACATTAACCTGAGAAACAAGCCT
GAATGGTACTATACAAAGCACCCTTTTGGCCACATTCCTGTCCTGGAGACCAGCCAATGT
CAACTGATCTATGAATCTGTTATTGCTTGTGAGTACCTGGATGATGCTTATCCAGGAAGG
AAGCTGTTTCCATATGACCCTTATGAACGAGCTCGCCAAAAGATGTTATTGGAGCTATTT
TGTAAGGTCCCACATTTGACCAAGGAGTGCCTGGTAGCGTTGAGATGTGGGAGAGAATGC
ACTAATCTGAAGGCAGCCCTGCGTCAGGAATTCAGCAACCTGGAAGAGATTCTTGAGTAT
CAGAACACCACCTTCTTTGGTGGAACCTGTATATCCATGATTGATTACCTCCTCTGGCCC
TGGTTTGAGCGGCTGGATGTGTATGGGATACTGGACTGTGTGAGCCACACGCCAGCCCTG
CGGCTCTGGATATCAGCCATGAAGTGGGACCCCACAGTCTGTGCTCTTCTCATGGATAAG
AGCATTTTCCAGGGCTTCTTGAATCTCTATTTTCAGAACAACCCTAATGCCTTTGACTTT
GGGCTGTGCTGA

1. Whitbread AK, Tetlow N, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Board PG: Characterization of the human Omega class glutathione transferase genes and associated polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Mar;13(3):131-44. [PubMed ]

1. GST class-theta-1
2. Glutathione transferase T1-1

MGLELYLDLLSQPCRAVYIFAKKNDIPFELRIVDLIKGQHLSDAFAQVNPLKKVPALKDG
DFTLTESVAILLYLTRKYKVPDYWYPQDLQARARVDEYLAWQHTTLRRSCLRALWHKVMF
PVFLGEPVSPQTLAATLAELDVTLQLLEDKFLQNKAFLTGPHISLADLVAITELMHPVGA
GCQVFEGRPKLATWRQRVEAAVGEDLFQEAHEVILKAKDFPPADPTIKQKLMPWVLAMIR

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-16

ATGGGTCTGGAGCTCTACCTGGACCTGCTGTCCCAGCCCTGCCGCGCTGTTTACATCTTT
GCCAAGAAGAACGACATTCCCTTCGAGCTGCGCATCGTGGATCTGATTAAAGGTCAGCAC
TTAAGCGATGCCTTTGCCCAGGTGAACCCCCTCAAGAAGGTGCCGGCCTTGAAGGACGGG
GACTTCACCTTGACGGAGAGTGTGGCCATCCTGCTCTACCTGACGCGCAAATATAAGGTC
CCTGACTACTGGTACCCTCAGGACCTGCAGGCCCGTGCCCGTGTGGATGAGTACCTGGCA
TGGCAGCACACGACTCTGCGGAGAAGCTGCCTCCGGGCCTTGTGGCATAAGGTGATGTTC
CCTGTGTTCCTGGGTGGGCCAGTATCTCCCCAGACACTGGCAGCCACCCTGGCAGAGTTG
GATGTGACCCTGCAGTTGCTCGAGGACAAGTTCCTCCAGAACAAGGCCTTCCTTACTGGT
CCTCACATCTCCTTAGCTGACCTCGTAGCCATCACGGAGCTGATGCATCCCGTGGGTGCT
GGCTGCCAAGTCTTCGAAGGCCGACCCAAGCTGGCCACATGGCGGCAGCGCGTGGAGGCA
GCAGTGGGGGAGGACCTCTTCCAGGAGGCCCATGAGGTCATTCTGAAGGCCAAGGACTTC
CCACCTGCAGACCCCACCATAAAGCAGAAGCTGATGCCCTGGGTGCTGGCCATGATCCGG
TGA

1. Pemble S, Schroeder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB: Human glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic polymorphism. Biochem J. 1994 May 15;300 ( Pt 1):271-6. [PubMed ]
2. Jemth P, Mannervik B: Kinetic characterization of recombinant human glutathione transferase T1-1, a polymorphic detoxication enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Dec 15;348(2):247-54. [PubMed ]
3. Sprenger R, Schlagenhaufer R, Kerb R, Bruhn C, Brockmoller J, Roots I, Brinkmann U: Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 deletion: discrimination of all genotypes by polymerase chain reaction indicates a trimodular genotype-phenotype correlation. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Aug;10(6):557-65. [PubMed ]
4. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed ]
5. Meyer DJ, Coles B, Pemble SE, Gilmore KS, Fraser GM, Ketterer B: Theta, a new class of glutathione transferases purified from rat and man. Biochem J. 1991 Mar 1;274 ( Pt 2):409-14. [PubMed ]
6. Mainwaring GW, Williams SM, Foster JR, Tugwood J, Green T: The distribution of theta-class glutathione S-transferases in the liver and lung of mouse, rat and human. Biochem J. 1996 Aug 15;318 ( Pt 1):297-303. [PubMed ]

1. GSHPx-2
2. GPx-2
3. Glutathione peroxidase-gastrointestinal
4. GSHPx-GI
5. Glutathione peroxidase- related protein 2
6. Gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase
7. GPRP

MAFIAKSFYDLSAISLDGEKVDFNTFRGRAVLIENVASLCGTTTRDFTQLNELQCRFPRR
LVVLGFPCNQFGHQENCQNEEILNSLKYVRPGGGYQPTFTLVQKCEVNGQNEHPVFAYLK
DKLPYPYDDPFSLMTDPKLIIWSPVRRSDVAWNFEKFLIGPEGEPFRRYSRTFPTINIEP
DIKRLLKVAI

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O

• GSHPx (PF00255 )

• None

• None

ATGGCTTTCATTGCCAAGTCCTTCTATGACCTCAGTGCCATCAGCCTGGATGGGGAGAAG
GTAGATTTCAATACGTTCCGGGGCAGGGCCGTGCTGATTGAGAATGTGCGTTCGCTCTGA
GGCACAACCACCCGGGACTTCACCCAGCTCAACGAGCTGCAATGCCGCTTTCCCAGGCGC
CTGGTGGTCCTTGGCTTCCCTTGCAACCAATTTGGACATCAGGAGAACAGTCAGAATGAG
GAGATCCTGAACAGTCTCAAGTATGTCCGTCCTGGGGGTGGATACCAGCCCACCTTCACC
CTTGTCCAAAAATGTGAGGTGAATGGGCAGAACGAGCATCCTGTCTTCGCCTACCTGAAG
GACAAGCTCCCCTACCCTTATGATGACCCATTTTCCCTCATGACCGATCCCAAGCTCATC
ATTTGGAGCCCTGTGCGCCGCTCAGATGTGGCCTGGAACTTTGAGAAGTTCCTCATAGGG
CCGGAGGGAGAGCCCTTCCGACGCTACAGCCGCACCTTCCCAACCATCAACATTGAGCCT
GACATCAAGCGCCTCCTTAAAGTTGCCATATAG

1. Akasaka M, Mizoguchi J, Takahashi K: A human cDNA sequence of a novel glutathione peroxidase-related protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Aug 11;18(15):4619. [PubMed ]
2. Chu FF, Doroshow JH, Esworthy RS: Expression, characterization, and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-GI. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 5;268(4):2571-6. [PubMed ]
3. Kelner MJ, Bagnell RD, Montoya MA, Lanham KA: Structural organization of the human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) promoter and 3'-nontranscribed region: transcriptional response to exogenous redox agents. Gene. 2000 May 2;248(1-2):109-16. [PubMed ]

1. GST class-pi
2. GSTP1-1

MPPYTVVYFPVRGRCAALRMLLADQGQSWKEEVVTVETWQEGSLKASCLYGQLPKFQDGD
LTLYQSNTILRHLGRTLGLYGKDQQEAALVDMVNDGVEDLRCKYISLIYTNYEAGKDDYV
KALPGQLKPFETLLSQNQGGKTFIVGDQISFADYNLLDLLLIHEVLAPGCLDAFPLLSAY
VGRLSARPKLKAFLASPEYVNLPINGNGKQ

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )

• RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• 1-17

ATGCCGCCCTACACCGTGGTCTATTTCCCAGTTCGAGGCCGCTGCGCGGCCCTGCGCATG
CTGCTGGCAGATCAGGGCCAGAGCTGGAAGGAGGAGGTGGTGACCGTGGAGACGTGGCAG
GAGGGCTCACTCAAAGCCTCCTGCCTATACGGGCAGCTCCCCAAGTTCCAGGACGGAGAC
CTCACCCTGTACCAGTCCAATACCATCCTGCGTCACCTGGGCCGCACCCTTGGGCTCTAT
GGGAAGGACCAGCAGGAGGCAGCCCTGGTGGACATGGTGAATGACGGCGTGGAGGACCTC
CGCTGCAAATACATCTCCCTCATCTACACCAACTATGAGGCGGGCAAGGATGACTATGTG
AAGGCACTGCCCGGGCAACTGAAGCCTTTTGAGACCCTGCTGTCCCAGAACCAGGGAGGC
AAGACCTTCATTGTGGGAGACCAGATCTCCTTCGCTGACTACAACCTGCTGGACTTGCTG
CTGATCCATGAGGTCCTAGCCCCTGGCTGCCTGGATGCGTTCCCCCTGCTCTCAGCATAT
GTGGGGCGCCTCAGCGCCCGGCCCAAGCTCAAGGCCTTCCTGGCCTCCCCTGAGTACGTG
AACCTCCCCATCAATGGCAACGGGAAACAGTGA

1. Kano T, Sakai M, Muramatsu M: Structure and expression of a human class pi glutathione S-transferase messenger RNA. Cancer Res. 1987 Nov 1;47(21):5626-30. [PubMed ]
2. Cowell IG, Dixon KH, Pemble SE, Ketterer B, Taylor JB: The structure of the human glutathione S-transferase pi gene. Biochem J. 1988 Oct 1;255(1):79-83. [PubMed ]
3. Morrow CS, Cowan KH, Goldsmith ME: Structure of the human genomic glutathione S-transferase-pi gene. Gene. 1989 Jan 30;75(1):3-11. [PubMed ]
4. Moscow JA, Fairchild CR, Madden MJ, Ransom DT, Wieand HS, O'Brien EE, Poplack DG, Cossman J, Myers CE, Cowan KH: Expression of anionic glutathione-S-transferase and P-glycoprotein genes in human tissues and tumors. Cancer Res. 1989 Mar 15;49(6):1422-8. [PubMed ]
5. Ali-Osman F, Akande O, Antoun G, Mao JX, Buolamwini J: Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of full-length cDNAs of three human glutathione S-transferase Pi gene variants. Evidence for differential catalytic activity of the encoded proteins. J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 11;272(15):10004-12. [PubMed ]
6. Alin P, Mannervik B, Jornvall H: Structural evidence for three different types of glutathione transferase in human tissues. FEBS Lett. 1985 Mar 25;182(2):319-22. [PubMed ]
7. Mannervik B, Alin P, Guthenberg C, Jensson H, Tahir MK, Warholm M, Jornvall H: Identification of three classes of cytosolic glutathione transferase common to several mammalian species: correlation between structural data and enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7202-6. [PubMed ]
8. Singh SV, Ahmad H, Kurosky A, Awasthi YC: Purification and characterization of unique glutathione S-transferases from human muscle. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Jul;264(1):13-22. [PubMed ]
9. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
10. Ji H, Reid GE, Moritz RL, Eddes JS, Burgess AW, Simpson RJ: A two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins. Electrophoresis. 1997 Mar-Apr;18(3-4):605-13. [PubMed ]
11. Ahmad H, Wilson DE, Fritz RR, Singh SV, Medh RD, Nagle GT, Awasthi YC, Kurosky A: Primary and secondary structural analyses of glutathione S-transferase pi from human placenta. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990 May 1;278(2):398-408. [PubMed ]
12. Reinemer P, Dirr HW, Ladenstein R, Huber R, Lo Bello M, Federici G, Parker MW: Three-dimensional structure of class pi glutathione S-transferase from human placenta in complex with S-hexylglutathione at 2.8 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1992 Sep 5;227(1):214-26. [PubMed ]
13. Oakley AJ, Rossjohn J, Lo Bello M, Caccuri AM, Federici G, Parker MW: The three-dimensional structure of the human Pi class glutathione transferase P1-1 in complex with the inhibitor ethacrynic acid and its glutathione conjugate. Biochemistry. 1997 Jan 21;36(3):576-85. [PubMed ]
14. Ji X, Tordova M, O'Donnell R, Parsons JF, Hayden JB, Gilliland GL, Zimniak P: Structure and function of the xenobiotic substrate-binding site and location of a potential non-substrate-binding site in a class pi glutathione S-transferase. Biochemistry. 1997 Aug 12;36(32):9690-702. [PubMed ]
15. Oakley AJ, Lo Bello M, Battistoni A, Ricci G, Rossjohn J, Villar HO, Parker MW: The structures of human glutathione transferase P1-1 in complex with glutathione and various inhibitors at high resolution. J Mol Biol. 1997 Nov 21;274(1):84-100. [PubMed ]
16. Prade L, Huber R, Manoharan TH, Fahl WE, Reuter W: Structures of class pi glutathione S-transferase from human placenta in complex with substrate, transition-state analogue and inhibitor. Structure. 1997 Oct 15;5(10):1287-95. [PubMed ]
17. Ji X, Blaszczyk J, Xiao B, O'Donnell R, Hu X, Herzog C, Singh SV, Zimniak P: Structure and function of residue 104 and water molecules in the xenobiotic substrate-binding site in human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Biochemistry. 1999 Aug 10;38(32):10231-8. [PubMed ]
18. Nicotra M, Paci M, Sette M, Oakley AJ, Parker MW, Lo Bello M, Caccuri AM, Federici G, Ricci G: Solution structure of glutathione bound to human glutathione transferase P1-1: comparison of NMR measurements with the crystal structure. Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 3;37(9):3020-7. [PubMed ]
19. Kong KH, Inoue H, Takahashi K: Site-directed mutagenesis study on the roles of evolutionally conserved aspartic acid residues in human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Protein Eng. 1993 Jan;6(1):93-9. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione-dependent PGD synthetase
2. Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase
3. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase
4. H-PGDS

MPNYKLTYFNMRGRAEIIRYIFAYLDIQYEDHRIEQADWPEIKSTLPFGKIPILEVDGLT
LHQSLAIARYLTKNTDLAGNTEMEQCHVDAIVDTLDDFMSCFPWAEKKQDVKEQMFNELL
TYNAPHLMQDLDTYLGGREWLIGNSVTWADFYWEICSTTLLVFKPDLLDNHPRLVTLRKK
VQAIPAVANWIKRRPQTKL

• Arachidonic acid metabolism (map00590 )

• (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate

• GST_C (PF00043 )
• GST_N (PF02798 )

• None

• None

ATGCCAAACTACAAACTCACTTATTTTAATATGAGGGGGAGAGCAGAAATTATTCGTTAC
ATATTTGCTTATTTGGACATACAGTATGAAGACCACAGAATAGAACAAGCTGACTGGCCT
GAAATCAAATCAACTCTCCCATTTGGAAAAATCCCCATTTTGGAAGTTGATGGACTTACT
CTTCACCAGAGCCTAGCAATAGCAAGATATTTGACCAAAAACACAGATTTGGCTGGAAAC
ACAGAAATGGAACAATGTCATGTTGATGCTATTGTGGACACTCTGGATGATTTCATGTCA
TGTTTTCCTTGGGCAGAGAAAAAGCAAGATGTGAAAGAGCAGATGTTCAATGAGCTGCTC
ACGTATAATGCGCCTCATCTTATGCAAGACTTGGACACATATTTAGGGGGGAGAGAATGG
CTTATTGGTAACTCTGTAACTTGGGCAGACTTCTACTGGGAGATTTGCAGTACCACACTT
TTGGTCTTTAAGCCTGACCTGTTAGACAACCATCCAAGGCTGGTGACTTTACGGAAGAAA
GTCCAAGCCATTCCTGCCGTCGCTAACTGGATAAAACGAAGGCCCCAAACCAAACTCTAG

1. Kanaoka Y, Fujimori K, Kikuno R, Sakaguchi Y, Urade Y, Hayaishi O: Structure and chromosomal localization of human and mouse genes for hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. Conservation of the ancestral genomic structure of sigma-class glutathione S-transferase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Jun;267(11):3315-22. [PubMed ]
2. Suzuki T, Watanabe K, Kanaoka Y, Sato T, Hayaishi O: Induction of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in human megakaryocytic cells by phorbol ester. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Dec 18;241(2):288-93. [PubMed ]
3. Mahmud I, Ueda N, Yamaguchi H, Yamashita R, Yamamoto S, Kanaoka Y, Urade Y, Hayaishi O: Prostaglandin D synthase in human megakaryoblastic cells. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 7;272(45):28263-6. [PubMed ]

1. RalBP1
2. Ral-interacting protein 1
3. 76 kDa Ral-interacting protein
4. Dinitrophenyl S-glutathione ATPase
5. DNP-SG ATPase

MTECFLPPTSSPSEHRRVEHGSGLTRTPSSEEISPTKFPGLYRTGEPSPPHDILHEPPDV
VSDDEKDHGKKKGKFKKKEKRTEGYAAFQEDSSGDEAESPSKMKRSKGIHVFKKPSFSKK
KEKDFKIKEKPKEEKHKEEKHKEEKHKEKKSKDLTAADVVKQWKEKKKKKKPIQEPEVPQ
IDVPNLKPIFGIPLADAVERTMMYDGIRLPAVFRECIDYVEKYGMKCEGIYRVSGIKSKV
DELKAAYDREESTNLEDYEPNTVASLLKQYLRDLPENLLTKELMPRFEEACGRTTETEKV
QEFQRLLKELPECNYLLISWLIVHMDHVIAKELETKMNIQNISIVLSPTVQISNRVLYVF
FTHVQELFGNVVLKQVMKPLRWSNMATMPTLPETQAGIKEEIRRQEFLLNCLHRDLQGGI
KDLSKEERLWEVQRILTALKRKLREAKRQECETKIAQEIASLSKEDVSKEEMNENEEVIN
ILLAQENEILTEQEELLAMEQFLRRQIASEKEEIERLRAEIAEIQSRQQHGRSETEEYSS
ESESESEDEEELQIILEDLQRQNEELEIKNNHLNQAIHEEREAIIELRVQLRLLQMQRAK
AEQQAQEDEEPEWRGGAVQPPRDGVLEPKAAKEQPKAGKEPAKPSPSRDRKETSI

• RhoGAP (PF00620 )

• None

• None

ATGACTGAGTGCTTCCTGCCCCCCACCAGCAGCCCCAGTGAACACCGCAGGGTGGAGCAT
GGCAGCGGGCTTACCCGGACCCCCAGCTCTGAAGAGATCAGCCCTACTAAGTTTCCTGGA
TTGTACCGCACTGGCGAGCCCTCACCTCCCCATGACATCCTCCATGAGCCTCCTGATGTA
GTGTCTGATGATGAGAAAGATCATGGGAAGAAAAAAGGGAAATTTAAGAAAAAGGAAAAG
AGGACTGAAGGCTATGCAGCCTTTCAGGAAGATAGCTCTGGAGATGAGGCAGAAAGTCCT
TCTAAAATGAAGAGGTCCAAGGGAATCCATGTTTTCAAGAAGCCCAGCTTTTCTAAAAAG
AAGGAAAAGGATTTTAAAATAAAAGAGAAACCCAAAGAAGAAAAGCATAAAGAAGAAAAG
CACAAAGAAGAAAAACATAAAGAGAAGAAGTCAAAAGACTTGACAGCAGCTGATGTTGTT
AAACAGTGGAAGGAAAAGAAGAAAAAGAAAAAGCCAATTCAGGAGCCAGAGGTGCCTCAG
ATTGATGTTCCAAATCTCAAACCCATTTTTGGAATTCCTTTGGCTGATGCAGTAGAGAGG
ACCATGATGTATGATGGCATTCGGCTGCCAGCCGTTTTCCGTGAATGTATAGATTACGTA
GAGAAGTATGGCATGAAGTGTGAAGGCATCTACAGAGTATCAGGAATTAAATCAAAGGTG
GATGAGCTAAAAGCAGCCTATGACCGGGAGGAGTCTACAAACTTGGAAGACTATGAGCCT
AACACTGTAGCCAGTTTGCTGAAGCAGTATTTGCGAGACCTTCCAGAGAATTTGCTTACC
AAAGAGCTTATGCCCAGATTTGAAGAGGCTTGTGGGAGGACCACGGAGACTGAGAAAGTG
CAGGAATTCCAGCGTTTACTCAAAGAACTGCCAGAATGTAACTATCTTCTGATTTCTTGG
CTCATTGTGCACATGGACCATGTCATTGCAAAGGAACTGGAAACAAAAATGAATATACAG
AACATTTCTATAGTGCTCAGCCCAACTGTGCAGATCAGCAATCGAGTCCTGTATGTGTTT
TTCACACATGTGCAAGAACTCTTTGGAAATGTGGTACTAAAGCAAGTGATGAAACCTCTG
CGATGGTCTAACATGGCCACGATGCCCACGCTGCCAGAGACCCAGGCGGGCATCAAGGAG
GAGATCAGGAGACAGGAGTTTCTTTTGAATTGTTTACATCGAGATCTGCAGGGTGGGATA
AAGGATTTGTCTAAAGAAGAAAGATTATGGGAAGTACAAAGAATTTTGACAGCCCTCAAA
AGAAAACTGAGAGAAGCTAAAAGACAGGAGTGTGAAACCAAGATTGCACAAGAGATAGCC
AGTCTTTCAAAAGAGGATGTTTCCAAAGAAGAGATGAATGAAAATGAAGAAGTTATAAAT
ATTCTCCTTGCTCAGGAGAATGAGATCCTGACTGAACAGGAGGAGCTCCTGGCCATGGAG
CAGTTTCTGCGCCGGCAGATTGCCTCAGAAAAAGAAGAGATTGAACGCCTCAGAGCTGAG
ATTGCTGAAATTCAGAGTCGCCAGCAGCACGGCCGAAGTGAGACTGAGGAGTACTCCTCC
GAGAGCGAGAGCGAGAGTGAGGATGAGGAGGAGCTGCAGATCATTCTGGAAGACTTACAG
AGACAGAACGAAGAGCTGGAAATAAAGAACAATCATTTGAATCAAGCAATTCATGAGGAG
CGCGAGGCCATCATCGAGCTGCGCGTGCAGCTGCGGCTGCTCCAGATGCAGCGAGCCAAG
GCCGAGCAGCAGGCGCAGGAGGACGAGGAGCCTGAGTGGCGCGGGGGTGCCGTCCAGCCG
CCCAGAGACGGCGTCCTTGAGCCAAAAGCAGCTAAAGAGCAGCCAAAGGCAGGCAAGGAG
CCGGCAAAGCCATCGCCCAGCAGGGATAGGAAGGAGACGTCCATCTGA

1. Jullien-Flores V, Dorseuil O, Romero F, Letourneur F, Saragosti S, Berger R, Tavitian A, Gacon G, Camonis JH: Bridging Ral GTPase to Rho pathways. RLIP76, a Ral effector with CDC42/Rac GTPase-activating protein activity. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 22;270(38):22473-7. [PubMed ]
2. Awasthi S, Cheng J, Singhal SS, Saini MK, Pandya U, Pikula S, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Singh SV, Zimniak P, Awasthi YC: Novel function of human RLIP76: ATP-dependent transport of glutathione conjugates and doxorubicin. Biochemistry. 2000 Aug 8;39(31):9327-34. [PubMed ]
3. Ikeda M, Ishida O, Hinoi T, Kishida S, Kikuchi A: Identification and characterization of a novel protein interacting with Ral-binding protein 1, a putative effector protein of Ral. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 9;273(2):814-21. [PubMed ]
4. Sharma R, Singhal SS, Cheng J, Yang Y, Sharma A, Zimniak P, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC: RLIP76 is the major ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione-conjugates and doxorubicin in human erythrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Jul 15;391(2):171-9. [PubMed ]

MKVKVIPVLEDNYMYLVIEELTREAVAVDVAVPKRLLEIVGREGVSLTAVLTTHHHWDHA
RGNPELARLRPGLAVLGADERIFSLTRRLAHGEELRFGAIHVRCLLTPGHTAGHMSYFLW
EDDCPDPPALFSGDALSVAGCGSCLEGSAQQMYQSLAELGTLPPETKVFCGHEHTLSNLE
FAQKVEPCNDHVRAKLSWAKARPLSRRGKRVGGEGTGFGVGGALRQGLMVTGACGHSRRG
MRMTCPLCRRLWARSASTTPSCGWREYGCCPGASTVTWTLRKASGDCVLG

• H2O + (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione --> Reduced glutathione + H+ + D-Lactate

• Lactamase_B (PF00753 )

• None

• None

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed ]

MERAEEPVVYQKLLPWEPSLESEEEVEEEETSEALVLNPRRHQDSSRNKAGGLPGTWVRV
VAALLLLAVGCSLAVRQLQNQGRSTGSLGSVAPPPGGHSHGPGVYHHGAIISPAGRELLV
AGGNVVDAGVGAALCLAVVHPHATGLGAMFWGLFHDSSSGNSTALTSGPAQTLAPGLGLP
AALPTLHLLHARFGRLPWPRLLVGPTTLAQEGFLVDTPLARALVARGTEGLCPLLCHADG
TPLGAGARATNPQLAAVLRSAALAPTSDLAGDALLSLLAGDLGVEVPSAVPRPTLEPAEQ
LPVPQGILFTTPSPSAGPELLALLEAALRSGAPIPDPCPPFLQTAVSPESSALAAVDSSG
SVLLLTSSLNCSFGSAHLSPSTGVLLSNLVAKSTTSAWACPLILRGSLDDTEADVLGLVA
SGTPDVARAMTHTLLRHLAARPPTQAQHQHQGQQEPTEHPSTCGQGTLLQVAAHTEHAHV
SSVPHACCPFQGF

• G_glu_transpept (PF01019 )

• None

• None

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed ]

1. Glutathione transferase zeta 1
2. Maleylacetoacetate isomerase, isoform CRA_a

MKQVPTLKIDGITIHQSLAIIEYLEEMRPTPRLLPQDPKKRASVRMISDLIAGGIQPLQN
LSVLKQVGEEMQLTWAQNAITCGFNALEQILQSTAGIYCVGDEVTMADLCLVPQVANAER
FKVDLTPYPTISSINKRLLVLEAFQVSHPCRQPDTPTELRA