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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:06 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000852
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00852
Metabolite Identification
Common Namebeta-Sitosterol
Descriptionbeta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445 , 11432711 ). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239 ). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381 ). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC29H50O
Average Molecular Weight414.718
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight414.38616623
IUPAC Name(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol
Traditional Name(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol
CAS Registry Number83-46-5
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C29H50O/c1-7-21(19(2)3)9-8-20(4)25-12-13-26-24-11-10-22-18-23(30)14-16-28(22,5)27(24)15-17-29(25,26)6/h10,19-21,23-27,30H,7-9,11-18H2,1-6H3/t20-,21-,23+,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-/m1/s1
InChI KeyKZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as stigmastanes and derivatives. These are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassStigmastanes and derivatives
Direct ParentStigmastanes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • C24-propyl-sterol-skeleton
  • Stigmastane-skeleton
  • Triterpenoid
  • 3-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • 3-beta-hydroxysteroid
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta-5-steroid
  • Delta-5-steroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point140 °CNot Available
Boiling Point498.00 to 501.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility10 mg/mLNot Available
LogP10.482 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Prostate
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified14.1 +/- 10.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothShort bowel syndrome details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0021 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleSitosterolemia details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Short bowel syndrome
  1. Ellegard L, Sunesson A, Bosaeus I: High serum phytosterol levels in short bowel patients on parenteral nutrition support. Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;24(3):415-20. [PubMed:15896428 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  2. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Sitosterolemia
  1. Ros MM, Sterk SS, Verhagen H, Stalenhoef AF, de Jong N: Phytosterol consumption and the anabolic steroid boldenone in humans: a hypothesis piloted. Food Addit Contam. 2007 Jul;24(7):679-84. [PubMed:17613052 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012362
KNApSAcK IDC00023770
Chemspider ID192962
KEGG Compound IDC01753
BioCyc IDCPD-4143
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBeta-Sitosterol
METLIN ID169
PubChem Compound222284
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27693
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000267
Good Scents IDrw1223271
References
Synthesis ReferenceTrofimov, A. N.; Chuprova, V. A. Process for production of b-sitosterol from tall oil products. Khimiya Rastitel'nogo Syr'ya (2002), (2), 129-132.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Catalyzes the reduction of the delta-24 double bond of sterol intermediates. Protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing caspase 3 activity during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Also protects against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis.
Gene Name:
DHCR24
Uniprot ID:
Q15392
Molecular weight:
60100.805
Reactions
Isofucosterol + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → beta-Sitosterol + NADPdetails