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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Nicotinic acid (HMDB01488)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:49
Accession Number HMDB01488
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Nicotinic acid
Description Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan (see below), but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient.
Synonyms
  1. 3-Carboxylpyridine
  2. 3-Carboxypyridine
  3. 3-Pyridinecarboxylate
  4. 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
  5. 3-Pyridylcarboxylate
  6. 3-Pyridylcarboxylic acid
  7. Akotin
  8. Apelagrin
  9. Daskil
  10. Efacin
  11. Enduracin
  12. Linic
  13. Niac
  14. Niacor
  15. Nicacid
  16. Nicangin
  17. Nico-Span
  18. Nicodelmine
  19. Niconacid
  20. Nicosan 3
  21. Nicotinate
  22. Nicotinic acid
  23. Nicotinipca
  24. Nicyl
  25. Nyclin
  26. Pellagrin
  27. Pelonin
  28. Slo-niacin
  29. niacin
  30. niacine
  31. nicamin
  32. nicobid
  33. nicocap
  34. nicolar
  35. wampocap
Chemical IUPAC Name pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
Chemical Formula C6H5NO2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Essential vitamins
Application
—
Source
  • Exogenous
Average Molecular Weight 123.109
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 123.032028
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1
Canonical SMILES OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1
KEGG Compound ID C00253 Link Image
BioCyc ID NIACINE Link Image
BiGG ID 34401 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Nicotinic acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01488 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01488 Link Image
METLIN ID 6272 Link Image
PubChem Compound 938 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11537626 Link Image
ChEBI ID 15940 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 59-67-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C6H5NO2/c8-6(9)5-2-1-3-7-4-5/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
Synthesis Reference McElvain, S. M.; Goese, M. A. Preparation of nicotinic acid from pyridine. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1941), 63 2283-4.
Melting Point (Experimental) 236.6 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 18.0 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 83.100006 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.36 [SANGSTER (1993)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.29 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.4 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1D0V Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
BMRB Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adipose Tissue —
Fibroblasts —
Intestine —
Kidney —
Liver —
Most Tissues —
Skeletal Muscle —
Skin —
Stratum Corneum —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 49.1 +/- 5.93 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 53.2 +/- 5.00 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 47.0 (24.0-85.0) uM
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 23.0 (15.0-38.0) uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 2.4 (0.8 - 4.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 16.8 +/- 0.81 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.65 (0.82-0.61) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid CSF
Value 12.2 +/- 0.3 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Alcoholism
Comments Peripheralneuropathy alcoholism
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 6.5 +/- 0.1 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Alcoholism
Comments Peripheralneuropathy and mental changes
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Alcoholism
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism SMP00048 Link Image map00760 Link Image
General References
  1. Salvi A, Carrupt PA, Mayer JM, Testa B: Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin toward prodrug esters of nicotinic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 Apr;25(4):395-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hertle H, Kiese M, Renner G: Absorption in rats, dogs, pigs, and humans of nicotinic acid after oral administration of phosphatidyl inositol pentanicotinate hydrochloride (PIN). Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(1):114-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zarzycki PK, Kowalski P, Nowakowska J, Lamparczyk H: High-performance liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic determination of free nicotinic acid in human plasma and separation of its metabolites by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 1995 Aug 11;709(1):203-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Hengen N, Seiberth V, Hengen M: High-performance liquid-chromatographic determination of free nicotinic acid and its metabolite, nicotinuric acid, in plasma and urine. Clin Chem. 1978 Oct;24(10):1740-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Santos RD: [Pharmacology of niacin or nicotinic acid] Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005 Oct;85 Suppl 5:17-9. Epub 2006 Jan 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Mrochek JE, Jolley RL, Young DS, Turner WJ: Metabolic response of humans to ingestion of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Clin Chem. 1976 Nov;22(11):1821-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Pike NB: Flushing out the role of GPR109A (HM74A) in the clinical efficacy of nicotinic acid. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3400-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Kobayashi M, Shimizu S: [Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide] Nippon Rinsho. 1999 Oct;57(10):2211-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Sutherland WH, Larking PW, Nye ER: Modification of nicotinic acid and prostaglandin E1 antilipolytic action in vitro. Atherosclerosis. 1976 Oct;25(1):45-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Stratford MR, Dennis MF, Hoskin P, Phillips H, Hodgkiss RJ, Rojas A: Nicotinamide pharmacokinetics in humans: effect of gastric acid inhibition, comparison of rectal vs oral administration and the use of saliva for drug monitoring. Br J Cancer. 1996 Jul;74(1):16-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Angelin B, Einarsson K, Leijd B: Biliary lipid composition during treatment with different hypolipidaemic drugs. Eur J Clin Invest. 1979 Jun;9(3):185-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Patterson MC, Di Bisceglie AM, Higgins JJ, Abel RB, Schiffmann R, Parker CC, Argoff CE, Grewal RP, Yu K, Pentchev PG, et al.: The effect of cholesterol-lowering agents on hepatic and plasma cholesterol in Niemann-Pick disease type C. Neurology. 1993 Jan;43(1):61-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):352-5. Epub 2003 Feb 3. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Muller B, Kasper M, Surber C, Imanidis G: Permeation, metabolism and site of action concentration of nicotinic acid derivatives in human skin. Correlation with topical pharmacological effect. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Oct;20(2):181-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Chekalina SI, Guseva LI, Bardyechev MS: [Use of nicotinic acid and midocalm for correcting blood coagulation in patients with radiation edema of the extremities] Med Radiol (Mosk). 1985 Aug;30(8):28-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
  2. Nicotinic acid receptor 2
  3. Nicotinic acid receptor 1
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5805
Enzyme 1 Name Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Inosine phosphorylase
  2. PNP
Enzyme 1 Gene Name NP
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 
MENGYTYEDYKNTAEWLLSHTKHRPQVAIICGSGLGGLTDKLTQAQIFDYGEIPNFPRST
VPGHAGRLVFGFLNGRACVMMQGRFHMYEGYPLWKVTFPVRVFHLLGVDTLVVTNAAGGL
NPKFEVGDIMLIRDHINLPGFSGQNPLRGPNDERFGDRFPAMSDAYDRTMRQRALSTWKQ
MGEQRELQEGTYVMVAGPSFETVAECRVLQKLGADAVGMSTVPEVIVARHCGLRVFGFSL
ITNKVIMDYESLEKANHEEVLAAGKQAAQKLEQFVSILMASIPLPDKAS
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 289
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 32118
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.95
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 35565 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P00491 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PNPH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1RT9 Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >870 bp 
ATGGAGAACGGATACACCTATGAAGATTATAAGAACACTGCAGAATGGCTTCTGTCTCAT
ACTAAGCACCGACCTCAAGTTGCAATAATCTGTGGTTCTGGATTAGGAGGTCTGACTGAT
AAATTAACTCAGGCCCAGATCTTTGACTACAGTGAAATCCCCAACTTTCCTCGAAGTACA
GTGCCAGGTCATGCTGGCCGACTGGTGTTTGGGTTCCTGAATGGCAGGGCCTGTGTGATG
ATGCAGGGCAGGTTCCACATGTATGAAGGGTACCCACTCTGGAAGGTGACATTCCCAGTG
AGGGTTTTCCACCTTCTGGGTGTGGACACCCTGGTAGTCACCAATGCAGCAGGAGGGCTG
AACCCCAAGTTTGAGGTTGGAGATATCATGCTGATCCGTGACCATATCAACCTACCTGGT
TTCAGTGGTCAGAACCCTCTCAGAGGGCCCAATGATGAAAGGTTTGGAGATCGTTTCCCT
GCCATGTCTGATGCCTACGACCGGACTATGAGGCAGAGGGCTCTCAGTACCTGGAAACAA
ATGGGGGAGCAACGTGAGCTACAGGAAGGCACCTATGTGATGGTGGCAGGCCCCAGCTTT
GAGACTGTGGCAGAATGTCGTGTGCTGCAGAAGCTGGGAGCAGACGCTGTTGGCATGAGT
ACAGTACCAGAAGTTATCGTTGCACGGCACTGTGGACTTCGAGTCTTTGGCTTCTCACTC
ATCACTAACAAGGTCATCATGGATTATGAAAGCCTGGAGAAGGCCAACCATGAAGAAGTC
TTAGCAGCTGGCAAACAAGCTGCACAGAAATTGGAACAGTTTGTCTCCATTCTTATGGCC
AGCATTCCACTCCCTGACAAAGCCAGTTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X00737 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID NP Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID NP Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:7892 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 1 Locus 14q13.1
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Williams SR, Goddard JM, Martin DW Jr: Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase cDNA sequence and genomic clone characterization. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5779-87. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Williams SR, Gekeler V, McIvor RS, Martin DW Jr: A human purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency caused by a single base change. J Biol Chem. 1987 Feb 15;262(5):2332-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yu L, Kalla K, Guthrie E, Vidrine A, Klimecki WT: Genetic variation in genes associated with arsenic metabolism: glutathione S-transferase omega 1-1 and purine nucleoside phosphorylase polymorphisms in European and indigenous Americans. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(11):1421-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ealick SE, Rule SA, Carter DC, Greenhough TJ, Babu YS, Cook WJ, Habash J, Helliwell JR, Stoeckler JD, Parks RE Jr, et al.: Three-dimensional structure of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase at 3.2 A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jan 25;265(3):1812-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Aust MR, Andrews LG, Barrett MJ, Norby-Slycord CJ, Markert ML: Molecular analysis of mutations in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Oct;51(4):763-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Pannicke U, Tuchschmid P, Friedrich W, Bartram CR, Schwarz K: Two novel missense and frameshift mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient. Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;98(6):706-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 7881
Enzyme 2 Name Nicotinic acid receptor 2
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. G-protein coupled receptor 109B
  2. G-protein coupled receptor HM74
  3. G-protein coupled receptor HM74B
Enzyme 2 Gene Name GPR109B
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Nicotinic acid receptor 2 
MNRHHLQDHFLEIDKKNCCVFRDDFIAKVLPPVLGLEFIFGLLGNGLALWIFCFHLKSWK
SSRIFLFNLAVADFLLIICLPFVMDYYVRRSDWKFGDIPCRLVLFMFAMNRQGSIIFLTV
VAVDRYFRVVHPHHALNKISNWTAAIISCLLWGITVGLTVHLLKKKLLIQNGPANVCISF
SICHTFRWHEAMFLLEFLLPLGIILFCSARIIWSLRQRQMDRHAKIKRAITFIMVVAIVF
VICFLPSVVVRIRIFWLLHTSGTQNCEVYRSVDLAFFITLSFTYMNSMLDPVVYYFSSPS
FPNFFSTLINRCLQRKMTGEPDNNRSTSVELTGDPNKTRGAPEALMANSGEPWSPSYLGP
TSNNHSKKGHCHQEPASLEKQLGCCIE
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 387
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 44496
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 9.01
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • G-protein coupled receptor activity
  • nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
  • purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
  • receptor activity
  • rhodopsin-like receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
  • cell communication
  • cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
  • cellular process
  • signal transduction
Component
  • cell
  • integral to membrane
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane
Enzyme 2 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Acts as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 29-50 64-85 103-123 143-163 195-209 237-256 274-298
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 219867 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P49019 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name G109B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1164 bp 
ATGAATCGGCACCATCTGCAGGATCACTTTCTGGAAATAGACAAGAAGAACTGCTGTGTG
TTCCGAGATGACTTCATTGCCAAGGTGTTGCCGCCGGTGTTGGGGCTGGAGTTTATCTTT
GGGCTTCTGGGCAATGGCCTTGCCCTGTGGATTTTCTGTTTCCACCTCAAGTCCTGGAAA
TCCAGCCGGATTTTCCTGTTCAACCTGGCAGTAGCTGACTTTCTACTGATCATCTGCCTG
CCGTTCGTGATGGACTACTATGTGCGGCGTTCAGACTGGAACTTTGGGGACATCCCTTGC
CGGCTGGTGCTCTTCATGTTTGCCATGAACCGCCAGGGCAGCATCATCTTCCTCACGGTG
GTGGCGGTAGACAGGTATTTCCGGGTGGTCCATCCCCACCACGCCCTGAACAAGATCTCC
AATTGGACAGCAGCCATCATCTCTTGCCTTCTGTGGGGCATCACTGTTGGCCTAACAGTC
CACCTCCTGAAGAAGAAGTTGCTGATCCAGAATGGCCCTGCAAATGTGTGCATCAGCTTC
AGCATCTGCCATACCTTCCGGTGGCACGAAGCTATGTTCCTCCTGGAGTTCCTCCTGCCC
CTGGGCATCATCCTGTTCTGCTCAGCCAGAATTATCTGGAGCCTGCGGCAGAGACAAATG
GACCGGCATGCCAAGATCAAGAGAGCCATCACCTTCATCATGGTGGTGGCCATCGTCTTT
GTCATCTGCTTCCTTCCCAGCGTGGTTGTGCGGATCCGCATCTTCTGGCTCCTGCACACT
TCGGGCACGCAGAATTGTGAAGTGTACCGCTCGGTGGACCTGGCGTTCTTTATCACTCTC
AGCTTCACCTACATGAACAGCATGCTGGACCCCGTGGTGTACTACTTCTCCAGCCCATCC
TTTCCCAACTTCTTCTCCACTTTGATCAACCGCTGCCTCCAGAGGAAGATGACAGGTGAG
CCAGATAATAACCGCAGCACGAGCGTCGAGCTCACAGGGGACCCCAACAAAACCAGAGGC
GCTCCAGAGGCGTTAATGGCCAACTCCGGTGAGCCATGGAGCCCCTCTTATCTGGGCCCA
ACCTCAAATAACCATTCCAAGAAGGGACATTGTCACCAAGAACCAGCATCTCTGGAGAAA
CAGTTGGGCTGTTGCATCGAGTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID D10923 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID GPR109B Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID GPR109B Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:16824 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 12
Enzyme 2 Locus 12q24.31
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K: Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors. Int Immunol. 1993 Oct;5(10):1239-49. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 8331
Enzyme 3 Name Nicotinic acid receptor 1
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. G-protein coupled receptor 109A
  2. G-protein coupled receptor HM74A
Enzyme 3 Gene Name GPR109A
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Nicotinic acid receptor 1 
MNRHHLQDHFLEIDKKNCCVFRDDFIVKVLPPVLGLEFIFGLLGNGLALWIFCFHLKSWK
SSRIFLFNLAVADFLLIICLPFLMDNYVRRWDWKFGDIPCRLMLFMLAMNRQGSIIFLTV
VAVDRYFRVVHPHHALNKISNRTAAIISCLLWGITIGLTVHLLKKKMPIQNGGANLCSSF
SICHTFQWHEAMFLLEFFLPLGIILFCSARIIWSLRQRQMDRHAKIKRAITFIMVVAIVF
VICFLPSVVVRIRIFWLLHTSGTQNCEVYRSVDLAFFITLSFTYMNSMLDPVVYYFSSPS
FPNFFSTLINRCLQRKMTGEPDNNRSTSVELTGDPNKTRGAPEALMANSGEPWSPSYLGP
TSP
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 363
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 41850
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 9.37
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • G-protein coupled receptor activity
  • nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
  • purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-protein coupled
  • receptor activity
  • rhodopsin-like receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
  • cell communication
  • cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
  • cellular process
  • signal transduction
Component
  • cell
  • integral to membrane
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane
Enzyme 3 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Acts as a high affinity receptor for nicotinic acid and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 34-54 64-84 103-123 143-163 193-213 230-250 274-294
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 28975188 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q8TDS4 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name G109A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1092 bp 
ATGAATCGGCACCATCTGCAGGATCACTTTCTGGAAATAGACAAGAAGAACTGCTGTGTG
TTCCGAGATGACTTCATTGTCAAGGTGTTGCCGCCGGTGTTGGGGCTGGAGTTTATCTTC
GGGCTTCTGGGCAATGGCCTTGCCCTGTGGATTTTCTGTTTCCACCTCAAGTCCTGGAAA
TCCAGCCGGATTTTCCTGTTCAACCTGGCAGTGGCTGACTTTCTACTGATCATCTGCCTG
CCCTTCCTGATGGACAACTATGTGAGGCGTTGGGACTGGAAGTTTGGGGACATCCCTTGC
CGGCTGATGCTCTTCATGTTGGCTATGAACCGCCAGGGCAGCATCATCTTCCTCACGGTG
GTGGCGGTAGACAGGTATTTCCGGGTGGTCCATCCCCACCACGCCCTGAACAAGATCTCC
AATCGGACAGCAGCCATCATCTCTTGCCTTCTGTGGGGCATCACTATTGGCCTGACAGTC
CACCTCCTGAAGAAGAAGATGCCGATCCAGAATGGCGGTGCAAATTTGTGCAGCAGCTTC
AGCATCTGCCATACCTTCCAGTGGCACGAAGCCATGTTCCTCCTGGAGTTCTTCCTGCCC
CTGGGCATCATCCTGTTCTGCTCAGCCAGAATTATCTGGAGCCTGCGGCAGAGACAAATG
GACCGGCATGCCAAGATCAAGAGAGCCATCACCTTCATCATGGTGGTGGCCATCGTCTTT
GTCATCTGCTTCCTTCCCAGCGTGGTTGTGCGGATCCGCATCTTCTGGCTCCTGCACACT
TCGGGCACGCAGAATTGTGAAGTGTACCGCTCGGTGGACCTGGCGTTCTTTATCACTCTC
AGCTTCACCTACATGAACAGCATGCTGGACCCCGTGGTGTACTATTTTTCCAGCCCATCC
TTTCCCAACTTCTTCTCCACTTTGATCAACCGCTGCCTCCAGAGGAAGATGACAGGTGAG
CCAGATAATAACCGCAGCACGAGCGTCGAGCTCACAGGGGACCCCAACAAAACCAGAGGC
GCTCCAGAGGCGTTAATGGCCAACTCCGGTGAGCCATGGAGCCCCTCTTATCTGGGCCCA
ACCTCTCCTTAA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AY148884 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID GPR109A Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID GPR109A Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:24827 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 12
Enzyme 3 Locus 12q24.31
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takeda S, Kadowaki S, Haga T, Takaesu H, Mitaku S: Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence. FEBS Lett. 2002 Jun 5;520(1-3):97-101. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available